李笑來句法多樣化專題

1、句法多樣化專題 (Syntactic Variety)1. 并列a) 并列大量名詞: n1, n2, n3, , and nni. A, B, C, and other Xsii. X, such Y as A, B, C, b) 并列名詞性成份: n. + what/how/whether/if 并列復(fù)雜句i. what = something thatii. how = the way/manner in whichc) 并列形容詞性成份i. a1 and a2 + nii. a1 + yet/but + a2 + niii. a1, a2 + n + thativ. a1, a2, so

2、 a3 that/as tod) 并列副詞性成份i. ad1 and ad2ii. ad1 + yet/but + ad2iii. ad1, ad2, prep.iv. ad1, ad2, so ad3 that/as toe) 并列動詞i. 并列動詞a) v1, v2-ing, v3-ingb) S1 + v1-ing, S2 + v2 ii. 并列句子a) , and therefore/thus/consequently/subsequentlyb) not only/simply/merely but also/as well/evenc) neither nord) not that

3、 but thatf) 并列從句: that, and that并列復(fù)雜句i. that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句ii. that引導(dǎo)的定語從句iii. that引導(dǎo)的主語從句2. 重復(fù)成分a) 重復(fù)形容詞i. a. , so a. that/as tob) 重復(fù)名詞 (同位語結(jié)構(gòu))i. n., n thatii. 原樣重復(fù)iii. 同義重復(fù)a) 歸納b) 演繹3. 從句a) whether/if/what/how做賓語b) when/whenever; while + -ing/-edc) if/whether + adj.d) what/how/when/where + to4. 倒裝a) 否定詞(組

4、)位于句首b) 比較句中的第二個句子c) 虛擬語氣條件句中(Had/Were/Should)d) 表語提前的倒裝i. prep.: Amongii. adj. phrase: Equally important is iii. -ing phrase: Matching is iv. as: Obvious as it is, this cause has always been neglected.5. 分割效果1. 并列a) 并列大量名詞: n1, n2, n3, , and nnv. A, B, C, and other Xsvi. X, such Y as A, B, C, Histo

5、ry, philosophy, fundamental mathematics/calculus, and other abstract subjects have to be learned from books, or primarily from books.Some knowledge, such abstract subjects as history, philosophy, fundamental mathematics/calculus, has to be learned from books, or primarily from books.It is necessary

6、for everyone to read imaginative literature, such as poetry, novels, or mythology.It is necessary for everyone to read poetry and other types of imaginative literature such as novels and mythology.1. 并列b) 并列名詞性成份: n. + what/how/whether/if 并列復(fù)雜句i. what = something thatii. how = the way/manner in whic

7、hMost parents educate their children merely by instinct rather than by proper pedagogy, and usually do not care about their relationship with children and how such neglect influences the future development of their children.Most students are eager to obtain knowledge, but they lack the sense of what

8、 is good, or what is necessary and how such a deficiency in the concept of viewing the situation as a whole would mislead them.1. 并列c) 并列形容詞性成份i. a1 and a2 + nii. a1 + yet/but + a2 + niii. a1, a2 + n + thativ. a1, a2, so a3 that/as toa small town a small and peaceful towna good teacher a good and ve

9、ry impressive teachera stupid decision a stupid and incorrigible decisionsimple yet effective methoda direct and simple yet magically effective methodan irrational yet understandable decisiona fair and balance, yet undesirable decisionobvious yet not the most significant reasonexpensive yet worthy c

10、ourseslow yet indispensable processA weird, entertaining, yet TRUE story.All adult birds molt their feathers at least once a year, and upon close observation, one can recognize the frayed, ragged appearance of feathers that are nearing the end of their useful life.T0105-P02-L3Most students can hardl

11、y stand for his typically dry and dull lectures that would normally continue at least several quarters without giving any essential information.The impact that technology has had on our daily life and society in general, is undeniable. It will become even greater as computers get faster, smaller, sm

12、arter, and so inexpensive that virtually everyone will be able to own one.A class led by a lethargic teacher could be extremely dull, dry, and so boring that drives everybody in the class into sleep.Learning in essence is a process that is time-consuming, painstaking, and so hard that virtually only

13、 persistent few can finally have a sense of real achievement.1. 并列d) 并列副詞性成份i. ad1 and ad2ii. ad1 + yet/but + ad2iii. ad1, ad2, prep.iv. ad1, ad2, so ad3 that/as toA conscientious teacher always prepares his lecture carefully, intelligently, and with the full consideration of all possible aspects co

14、ncerning the subject.1. 并列e) 并列動詞i. 并列動詞a) v1, v2-ing, v3-ingii. 并列句子b) , and therefore/thus/consequently/subsequentlyc) not only/simply/merely but also/as well/evend) neither nore) not that but thatf) 并列從句: that, and that并列復(fù)雜句iii. that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句iv. that引導(dǎo)的定語從句v. that引導(dǎo)的主語從句An absent-minded teacher lac

15、ks drive to make class intensely focused, often preparing nothing in advance, wandering among random topics, thus wasting and killing times of industrial students.l 主語相同的兩個句子并列，“and”對應(yīng)的中文應(yīng)該是“也”。Books keep records of thoughts and ideas, and are the major source from which people obtain knowledge.書本記錄

16、著思想和理念，也是人們獲取知識的主要來源。thereforel 2. , and thusconsequentlysubsequentlyas such Books keep records of thoughts and ideas, and are therefore the major source from which people obtain knowledge.書本記錄著思想和理念，所以也是人們獲取知識的主要來源。History has to be vague and ambiguous, and is therefore/thus so interesting that man

17、y are obsessed, because people always cannot help trying to know the truth.歷史必然模糊含混，也正是如此，它才那樣有趣以至于很多人都被深深的吸引，因為人們總是忍不住要追尋真理。Chinese children unfortunately have few rights to make their own decisions, and subsequently often have to do things that they do not enjoy doing at all.很不幸孩子們很少有自作主張的權(quán)利，也因此常常

18、只能去做自己不喜歡做的事情。Modern vehicles have extended the range of peoples activity, and thus made much more goods available to local markets.現(xiàn)代交通工具延伸了人們活動的范圍，也因此使市場上的商品數(shù)量增加了。It is the nature of human that determines that people tend to trust themselves rather than others, and consequently they often misguide

19、 by their own feelings rather than reasons.這是人性所決定的：人們傾向于相信自己而不是相信別人，也因此常常被自己的感覺所誤導(dǎo)，而不是遵循理智。3. 元素并列的其他手段肯定句: also; as well; too; equally; of equal importance否定句: either, neither; norA good environment will make people happier.A nice environment will also make people healthier.A poor environment will

20、 not make people happier.A bad environment will not make people healthier either.或Nor a bad environment will make people healthier.4. not but計算機不僅給人們帶來了方便，還是人們學(xué)得更多。Computers have not only brought convenience, but they have also made people learn more.補充: 分割效果1) 主語和謂語動詞之間2) 助動詞和實意動詞之間3) 系動詞和表語之間onlya

21、lsonotsimplybut as well.merelyevennot that but thatNot that emails or telephones have made people less personal, but that people themselves have become less personal. One of several possible reasons is that people usually lack of adequate communicating skills.A good environment will make people happ

22、ier.A nice environment will make people healthier as well.A perfect environment will not only make people happier and healthier, but it will even make them more productive.2. 重復(fù)成分a) 重復(fù)形容詞vii. a. , so a. that/as tob) 重復(fù)名詞viii. n., n thatIn fact, history is interesting, so interesting that many are ob

23、sessed by it, because people always cannot help knowing the truth.Parents or other adults often give merely a casual answer to a serious question from a curious child, an answer that makes no sense at all, and might have unforeseeable negative consequence in the future.3. 從句a) whether/if/what/how做賓語

24、a) when/whenever; while + -ing/-edb) if/whether + adj.c) what/how/when/where + tod) , n + of + which深入研究轉(zhuǎn)折1. 形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)折并列simple yet effective methoda simple, direct, practical yet magically effective methodirrational yet understandable decisiona fair and balance, yet undesirable decisionobvious yet not

25、the most significant reasonexpensive yet worthy courseslow yet indispensable processA weird, entertaining, yet TRUE story.2. 包裝（反復(fù)取非）History is useful.History is not useful.It is commonly believed that history is not useful. However, this is a prevailing misunderstanding.Hypocrites lie.Hypocrites do

26、 not tell the truth.Hypocrites do tell the truth when and only when they have convinced that by doing so they can benefit.Hypocrites have many forms, but they have one thing in common: Hypocrites do tell the truth when and only when they have convinced that by doing so they can benefit.Although most

27、 people were hostile to the hypocritical behaviors, and believe profoundly in the sacredness of truth and the inviolable freedom of those who dare to tell the truth, they often betray their principle, dignity, and in effect become accompanies of other hypocrites. Hypocrites have many forms, but alwa

28、ys have one thing in common: they essentially have no principle at all. They tell the truth when and only when they feel the truth is on their side, otherwise they would refuse rather than accept the truth, or remain silence even choose to lie for the sake of their own safety if they find they are threatened, even when that threat is at most potential.Its fortunate that our society always has a small portion of citizens who always try to insist their principles and struggle to defend even when tremendous cost is anticipated.