高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí)：高考英語閱讀指導(dǎo)冀教版

1、高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí)：高考英語閱讀指導(dǎo)冀教版【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：高考英語閱讀指導(dǎo)二. 知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納：針對(duì)不同題型，采用不同方法。 1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：直接解答，是最容易的。一般直接引用文章中的原句或稍加改動(dòng)或計(jì)算，只要稍加分析就能選出正確答案。 Exercise: Robert and Joanna like school very much. At school they can talk to their friends but Robert and Joanna cannot see their friends. They live 100 miles away and like

2、 Robert and Joanna, they all go to school by bus. The children do not go to a school because _. A. they do not like school B. they are not old enough to go to school C. They live too far away from one another D. Their families are too poor 從原句“They live 100 miles away and like Robert and Joanna, the

3、y all go to school by bus.” 可以判斷出選 C. Helen Keller was born a healthy normal child in Alabama in 1880. However, an illness accompanied by a high fever struck her when she was still an infant, leaving her dear, blind, and unable to speak. For little Helen, the world was suddenly a dark and frightenin

4、g place. She reacted by becoming wild and stubborn （1）When she was born, Helen Keller was a _ child. A. healthyB. sickC. deafD. blind （2）When she was a child, Helen Keller _. A. couldnt hear anythingB. couldnt see anything C. couldnt speakD. couldnt do all of the above 分析：（1）A （2）D 2. 文章脈絡(luò)理解題：做題時(shí)，應(yīng)通

5、讀全文，結(jié)合題目中所提供的條文，找出相應(yīng)的語段，或以時(shí)間或情節(jié)的發(fā)展順序整理出適當(dāng)組合。 Exercise: O. Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exiting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he managed t

6、o teach himself everything he needed to know. When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank. When some money went missing from the bank, O. Henry was believed to have stolen it. Because of that, he

7、was sent to prison. During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing. He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish

8、 with a sudden change at the end, to the readers surprise. In which order did O. Henry do the following things? a. Lived in New York. b. Worked in a bank. c. Traveled to Texas. d. Was put in prison. e. Had a newspaper job. f. Learned to write stories. A. e, c, f, b, d, a B. c, e, b, d, f, a, C. e, b

9、, d, c, a, f D. c, b, e, d, a, f, 做這種題要善于抓住各個(gè)首項(xiàng)和尾項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，迅速排除干擾項(xiàng)，快速準(zhǔn)確地選出正確答案。該題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的首項(xiàng)集中在c, e兩點(diǎn)，經(jīng)分析，c在e之前，故A, C即可排除，再對(duì)B, D的尾項(xiàng)進(jìn)行篩選，即可得出B是正確答案。 3. 詞意猜測題：考生在閱讀時(shí)一定會(huì)碰上生詞或記不清楚的詞匯。遇到這種情況時(shí)，考生可以通過上下文猜測詞義。具體方法如下： （1）根據(jù)生詞前后詞匯的意思或整個(gè)句子的意思來猜測生詞。例如： The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. 根據(jù)句子后部分began t

10、o read可以猜出spectacle的意思為“眼鏡”。 （2）根據(jù)語法知識(shí)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)來猜測生詞。例如： They will be on the night shift-from midnight to 6 a. m. -next week. 此句兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的部分表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。 （3）根據(jù)說明詞義的定語從句來猜測生詞。例如： The type of meter is called multi-meter, which is used to measure electricity. 從上句中的定語從句可以推斷出multi-meter是“萬能表”的意思。 （4）根

11、據(jù)已知事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)來猜測生詞。例如： The family had just moved and the young woman was feeling a little melancholy on that Sunday in May. After all, it was Mothers day and 800 miles separated her from her parents in another state far away. 根據(jù)上下文的陳述，“剛剛搬家，遠(yuǎn)離父母，正好是星期天，又是母親節(jié)，而兩代人卻天各一方”等事實(shí)，可以推斷出年輕妻子當(dāng)時(shí)憂郁、傷感的心情，并由此猜測出生詞melan

12、choly的意思。 （5）學(xué)會(huì)只猜測生詞的大概意思，而不必追究其準(zhǔn)確含義。例如： The Asian gibbon, like other apes, is especially adapted for life in trees. 在這句話中，考生只要猜出自gibbon是apes （類人猿）的一種就行了，毋須知道其準(zhǔn)確意思。 （6）運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法判斷生詞的詞義，也是提高閱讀速度的一種技巧?？忌梢酝ㄟ^已知的詞綴（包括前綴和后綴）和詞根就能猜測生詞的含義。例如，單詞telescope由前綴tele （意思是far）和scope （意思是instrument for seeing or observ

13、ing）構(gòu)成，整個(gè)單詞的意思是“望遠(yuǎn)鏡”。為了熟練使用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜測生詞，考生在平時(shí)應(yīng)多積累詞綴以及詞根方面的知識(shí)。 （7）利用信號(hào)詞進(jìn)行預(yù)測和推測 在閱讀過程中，為了既迅速又準(zhǔn)確地理解文章的含義，利用信號(hào)詞預(yù)測非常重要。信號(hào)詞可以揭示句子內(nèi)在關(guān)系或文章各部分之間的關(guān)系（見下表）。特別是在快速閱讀時(shí)，它能幫助考生預(yù)測文章信息，提高閱讀速度。 部分信號(hào)詞及其所預(yù)示的信息 信號(hào)詞預(yù)示的信息however, on the contrary, although等信號(hào)詞引出的內(nèi)容是與上文相反的論述，或作者不同的觀點(diǎn)similarly, equally, also, besides, furthermor

14、e, in other words等下文與前面所講內(nèi)容相同或相似 for example, for instance等具體例證，說明上文中的論點(diǎn)for one thing, on the other hand等下文還有另外一方面in a word, in short等后面的句子是對(duì)上文的總結(jié)actually, in fact, the point is , a study survey found/ showed/proved that 等后面的句子往往是作者想要表達(dá)和強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容或觀點(diǎn)此外，在利用信號(hào)詞進(jìn)行預(yù)測時(shí)，考生還需注意以下三點(diǎn)： 遇到預(yù)示前后內(nèi)容相同或相近，或者補(bǔ)充說明的信號(hào)詞時(shí)，可以

15、適當(dāng)加快閱讀速度，或借此推測生詞的詞義。 文中出現(xiàn)的頻率較高的實(shí)詞可以幫助考生確定文章的主旨大意。 出現(xiàn)代詞I, we, my, our, 轉(zhuǎn)折詞but, however, yet，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, should, ought to, 連詞although, though。其后所述內(nèi)容與剛提到的內(nèi)容相反，或暗示作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度等信號(hào)詞時(shí)，要放慢閱讀速度，因?yàn)槠涓浇男畔⑼敲}和答題的主要線索或依據(jù) 4. 推理判斷題：這類題比較難做，一般所給的推斷條件都是充分的，要縱觀全文，根據(jù)表層句推斷出深層的含義，根據(jù)情景進(jìn)行推理和概括，從全文推斷出作者的意向和態(tài)度，要擺脫自己的主觀看法。 a）Acc

16、ording to the passage, we may infer that _. b）Which of the following is （not）true according to the passage? c）The writer of the text would most probably consider it _.Exercise:（1） In South American there is kind of monkey that can tell people when it isnt feeling well. Its called the uakari. When th

17、e uakari is healthy, its baldhead is very red. （2） As sea birds attempt to swim through oil-coated water, they are covered with oil. Because oil makes flying difficult, they cant get enough food to keep alive. Others, with their feathers stuck together, cant keep the cold water from their bodies and

18、 die of pneumonia. Some birds, in attempting to remove the oil, swallow so much of it that they die of poisoning. The oil causes deaths for_. A. two reasons. B. three reasons. C. one reasons. D. five reasons. 分析：選B。 仔細(xì)閱讀文章，發(fā)現(xiàn)有三個(gè)死因。 Because oil makes flying difficult, they cant get enough food to kee

19、p alive; with their feather stuck together, cant keep the cold water from their bodies and die of pneumonia; some birds swallow so much of it that they die of poisoning.（3） One of the most famous tricks of Indian street performers is to lie on a bed of nail. A board is covered with hundreds of nails

20、. Strangely, the performer seems quite comfortable on this bed! The secret ? The nails are placed so close together that weight is spread over many nails. No part of the body presses heavily on any one nail. If the board contained on a few nails, _. A. crowds would not be interested B. the performer

21、 would not be successful C. the performer would be in less danger D. a heavy performer would not be hurt 分析：選 B。 文中已經(jīng)分析了performers沒有受傷的原因是因?yàn)樵S多的釘子分散了表演者的體重weight is spread over many nails, 根據(jù)這個(gè)原因的分析, 可以解決問題.（4） “Do you have everything packed?” called Stans mother from downstairs. “Your old shoes and

22、enough socks?” “Yes, Mum, ” said Stan. “I even packed my toothbrush.” Stan checked the list. He had everything on the list and more. Stan carried the heavy case downstairs. “Im ready to go, ” he said to his mother . “Another summer of fun. It will be good to see the same faces from last year.” Where

23、 was Stan going? A. summer camp B. abroad C. mountain climbing D. picnic How did Stan feel about going? A. He was looking forward to it . B. He was not interested in it. C. He was not as excited as before. D. He was a little worried about it. 分析：A B 從文中的回答 I even packed my toothbrush 及 he had everyt

24、hing on the list and more, another summer of fun. It will be good to see the same faces from last year.等這些信息點(diǎn)可以判斷出對(duì)這次假期的感受是look forward to（期待）。 5. 主題概括題：要對(duì)短文理解透徹，并有一定的歸納，總結(jié)，評(píng)價(jià)和概括的能力。注意要全面地看文章，才能正確理解主題和中心。 a）The main idea of the passage is _. b）The conclusion we can get from the story is _. c）Which o

25、f the following is the best title to be given to the article? d）The main purpose of the story is to tell us _. （1）首先要會(huì)區(qū)分文章或段落的主旨和細(xì)節(jié)。 無論是文章還是段落，都會(huì)涉及到許多內(nèi)容，但是好的文章必定是圍繞著一個(gè)主題或主旨寫的，其他為主題服務(wù)的則是細(xì)節(jié)。主旨句具有一定的概括性或結(jié)論性，而細(xì)節(jié)是為支撐主題的。 Nature has a number of different ways of burying and thus preserving the past. One w

26、ay is by volcanic corruption. The most famous example is probably the great Roman town of Pompeii in southern Italy. The town was so quickly and completely covered with volcanic ashes from Mount Vesuvius on August day in 79 A.D. that the people of the town hardly knew what was happening to them. Whi

27、ch sentence can best express the main idea of the paragraph? A. Burying can preserve the past. B. Volcanic eruptions is dangerous. C. Volcanoes often erupt without warning. D. The great Roman town of Pompeii was covered with volcanic ashes. （2）要會(huì)歸納主題思想 有時(shí)主旨句在段落或文章中不明確，那么就要略讀文章，分析清楚各細(xì)節(jié)之間的關(guān)系，歸納中心思想，比較

28、題目中所提供的被選項(xiàng)，最終確定答案。【典型例題】閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（A）It was lunchtime at the office；Barbara was going to the store. Jean wanted her to pick up a few rolls of color film for her. She was going on vacation the next week and planned to take lots of pictures. Barbara went and bought the film for Jean. But when she return

29、ed to the office, Jean was gone. She left a note to tell Barbara to put the film on ice. Barbara did so. She put Jeans film in her freezer. The next morning, the film had ice and frost. She put it in a paper bag and brought it to the office when she saw Jean. “Here is your film.” said Barbara. “Than

30、ks,” Jean said, she took the film out of the bag. “Its all wet and cold.” “That is from the freezer,” Barbara said. Jean burst out laughing. She laughed and laughed. “Whats so funny?” “I didnt mean for you to freeze the film. I just wanted you to hold it for me!” Jean explained. （1）The word “film” m

31、eans _. A. camera B. a picture C. a cold drink D. a thin and flat material used for taking photos （2）The expression “put it on ice” means _. A. keeping something for someone B. buying something for someone C. keeping something in safe place D. keeping something in a freezer （3）Why did Jean burst out

32、 laughing? A. Barbara misunderstood what she said. B. Its kind for Barbara to put the film on ice. C. Its foolish of Barbara to put the film on ice. D. Its funny to put the film on ice. 這篇文章的難點(diǎn)在于對(duì)film和put it on ice在文中的含義的理解。 從第一段Jean wanted her to pick up a few rolls of color film for her和She was go

33、ing on vacation the next week and planned to take lots of pictures.可以看出film是“膠卷”的意思。 從最后一句話I just wanted you to hold it for me可以猜出put it on ice是keep for me的意思。 答案：（1）D （2）A （3）A（B）I like watching TV very much for I think it has many advantages. First of all, watching TV is a good rest. After a day o

34、f hard work, we need a good rest. Watching TV can make our mind and body not tired any more because of the pleasant music and TV plays. Besides, watching TV is entertaining. There are many kinds of entertainment, such as sports activities, singing and dancing concerts, plays and films all over the w

35、orld at every time. Its not possible for us to go to every place to enjoy all the activities within a short time. We need at least over ten hours to drive from Queens District to Manhattan District. But within just one second, TV can bring us from an NBA game in New York to a fashion show in Paris b

36、y changing the channels. Most important, watching TV is educational. Our children can learn every kind of subjects through the educational programs and the special reports on TV, and its easy for them to learn Chinese from a Chinese teacher in Beijing and to learn Russian lessons from a Russian teac

37、her in Moscow. Even we can learn how to behave well from the TV plays. Meanwhile, a teacher can teach millions of students without a huge classroom. 1. The best title for the text is _. A. The advantages of watching TV B. TV brings good rest C. Todays TV programs D. How to use TV in schools 2. Which

38、 of the following is true according to the text? A. The writer likes watching TV than others. B. There are different kinds of programs on TV in China and Russia. C. Its not easy to drive from Manhattan to Queens District. D. There are many kinds of entertainment programs on TV. 3. According to the w

39、riter what is the most important reason for watching TV? A. We can enjoy ourselves. B. Watching TV is a good rest. C. We can see whatever we like. D. We can learn something useful. 4. In the second paragraph, the writer wants to show _. A. TV stations send programs quickly. B. TV brings different pa

40、rts of world in front of us C. How to go to different places and enjoy ourselves D. How long it will take a man to drive to different places 5. The writer writes the text to _. A. tell her ideas about TV B. persuade us to buy a TV C. introduce some TV programs D. tell us how to learn from TV答案：1. A

41、2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A 在做本篇文章時(shí), 要把握作者的意圖, 并全面地領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的中心。第一句I like watching TV very much for I think it has many advantages. 可以體會(huì)出作者對(duì)電視的態(tài)度，再從文中First of allBesidesMost important這些過渡詞可以大體看出文章的中心內(nèi)容。 需要指出的是：文章的標(biāo)題經(jīng)常是表現(xiàn)主題的點(diǎn)睛之筆，而文章中每個(gè)段落往往有一個(gè)表達(dá)本段落的中心思想的句子。在做閱讀理解題時(shí)，我們可以通過文章標(biāo)題或每段的首句或尾句對(duì)本篇或本段的大意有個(gè)大致的了解，有助于對(duì)全篇的理解。（C）

42、 Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills（讀寫能力）With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the non - judgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence（自信心）, according to Intermountain Therapy Anima

43、ls（ITA）in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs （READ）. The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who re

44、ad below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self respect, and regard reading as a headache, ”said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started “Dog Day Afternoon ” in the childrens department of the

45、 main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “ pawgraphed” book at the last class. The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana

46、 Thumpowsky, public relations manager. 1. What is mainly discussed in the text? A. Childrens reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs. C. Service in a public library.D. A special reading program. 2. Specialists use dogs to listen to children reading because they think _. A. dogs are young

47、 childrens best friends B. children can play with dogs while reading C. dogs can provide encouragement for shy children D. children and dogs understand each other 3. By saying “The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea, ”the writer means the library _. A. uses dogs to attract children B.

48、 accepts the idea put forward by ITA C. has opened a childrens department D. has decided to train some dogs 4. A “pawgraphed” book is most probably _. A. a book used in Saturday classes B. a book written by the children C. a prize for the children D. a gift from parents 答案：1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C【模擬試題】（

49、A） Motorola set out a special training plan programme for children last week with the aim of developing childrens business skills and preparing them for a future as entrepreneurs. Eighty-seven children aged between 12 and 16 from Beijing and Tianjin attended the one-week training programme called“Yo

50、uth Discovery”directed by Motorola Universitys（MU）instructors and marketing specialists. The children learnt about dealing with a practical problemmarketing Motorolas two-way radio“Talk about”and worked out a marketing plan by themselves. Last week 26 children of Motorola employees in Tianjin comple

51、ted their training in the MUTianjin Learning Centre. Through the training programme, children learnt how to get information through different kinds of sources, determine end-user needs, create messages of value to customers, and communicate using various means and equipment. Educators acted only as

52、team“directors”, providing children to discover their own answers. The children presented their solutions to Motorolas management and their parents on the last day of the programme. The children, most of whom were primary and middle school students, presented themselves freely and creatively. The st

53、udents said they preferred the open and practical way of learning. Started by Motorolas former president Robert Galvin,“Youth Discovery”, designed and carried out by Motorola University, aimed to bring the talents of young people into full play and encouraged them to discover how their skills can co

54、ntribute to a team to help it reach an aim. 1. The main purpose of the programme is to _. A. help children communicate with educators and instructors B. develop childrens ability to solve practical problems C. improve childrens business skills in everyday life D. help children create new methods of

55、dealing with customers 2. The underlined word“entrepreneurs”means _. A. instructorsB. speciaalists C. scientistsD. managers 3. The children liked“Youth Discovery”because they could _. A. learn a lot of things through practice B. learn a lot of things from their instructors C. put what they had learned into practice D. do whatever they wanted to 4. The training programme is a big success in _. A. making childrens parents take part in it B. having MU instructors and marketing special