狀語從句用法詳解

1、狀語從句用法詳解內(nèi)容提要:一、時間狀語從句二、地點狀語從句二、方式狀語從句四、程度狀語從句五、原因狀語從句六、結(jié)果狀語從句七、目的狀語從句八、條件狀語從句九、讓步狀語從句十、比較狀語從句、時間狀語從句:1時間狀語從句通常用下列從屬連詞來引導(dǎo)：after, before, as, once, till, until, (ever) since, when, whenever, while, now (that), as long as, as soon as 女口:Now (that) you ' ve grown up, you must stop this childish beha

2、viour.Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.Come and see uswhenever you have time.People do not know the value of health till they lose it.2、有些詞，女口 immediately, directly, instantly等，當(dāng)用于 as soon as意義時，也可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，如:I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.My sister

3、came directly she got my message.The machi ne will start instantlyyou p ress the butt on.I ' ll tele phone yodirectlyI hear the n ews.Will you look for it immediately you get there?3.某些表示時間的名詞詞組，如the (very) moment ( = as soon as ), the minute ( = as soon as ), the instant ( = as soon as ), the d

4、ay, the year, the morning, every time, each time, next time, the first time?，也可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，如:I ' ll tell you aboutth e moment you come.I started the instantI heard the report.The instantshe saw him she knew he was her brother.Every timeI catch a cold, I have pain in my back.I ' m going to see

5、hrnaxt time he comes to Shenzhen.He left Europe the yearWorld Warn broke out.He had impressed me that waythe first time I met him.I started the very moment I got your letter.I ' II tell hithe minute (that) he gets here.4.有些關(guān)聯(lián)從屬連詞，如no soonerthan / hardly when / scarcely when / barelywhen等，也能引導(dǎo)時間狀

6、語從句。 女口果把 no sooner, hardly, scarcely, bare置于句首，它所連帶的這部分就要倒裝，如:Shehad no sooneiheard the n ews than she fai nted.=No sooner hadshe heard the n ewsthan she fain ted.They had hardlystarted to work when the trouble bega n.=Hardly hadthey started to work when the trouble bega n.He had scarcely) ntered t

7、he room when the phone rang.=Scarcely hadhe en tered the room whe n the phone rang.、地點狀語從句:1 地點狀語從句常用 where, wherever來弓丨導(dǎo)，如:We will stay where you stay. (where = in the p lace in which; where 既連接主句與從句，又在從句中作副詞修飾謂語stay。I found my books where I left them.Wherever he happens to be, Joh n can make himse

8、lf at home.He will work wherever the people n eed him.Let me go wherever (= to any p lace to whichh ey like (to go).2、有時，-where 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞也可以引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，如:Everywherethey went, they were kin dly received / warmly welcomed.We ll goanywhere the Party directs us.、方式狀語從句:1、方式狀語從句通常由 as, as if, as though來弓丨導(dǎo)，如:Y

9、ou must do the exercisers I show you.Please do exactlyas your doctor says.It looks as if it might snow / is going to snow.He acted as if / though no thi ng had happened.He walked as if he was / were drunk.Mary was behavingas thoughshe hadn ' t grown up.2、在非正式文體或口語中，也可用 the way (that) (= as = in

10、the way inWhich), how, like等來弓丨導(dǎo)，如:Jean doesn ' t cbhe： way I do.She is doing her workthe way I like it done.You can do the jobhow you like.The Ian dlord was watch ing him like(= just as)a cat watches a mouse.Do you make breadlike you make cakes?like作連詞的用法補充說明:1). Conjunction (informalK耳非正式)：in

11、the same way that; as同樣，女口People who cha nge coun trieslike they cha nge clothes.2) as though; as if 好像，如同felt like rd bee n kicked by a camel.我覺得好像被駱駝踢了似的。四、程度狀語從句:程度狀語從句可用 to such an exte nt that/ to such a degree（在的范圍that ，to the degree/ extent that, in so far as內(nèi)”等來引導(dǎo)，如:The temp erature rose to

12、such an extent that the fireme n had to leave the burning buildi ng.The temp erature lowered to such a degree thathe water froze.試比較:The temp erature rose so high that the fireme n had to leave the burning buildi ng.The temp erature lowered so much tha the water froze.從以上例句可以看出，程度狀語從句往往也表示達(dá)到某種程度時所引出

13、的結(jié)果，所以程度狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句在意義上有相通之處。At that time politicians were not known to the degree that they aretoday.那時政治家們并不像今天這樣為人所知曉。I'll help you in so far as can.我會盡我所能幫助你。五、原因狀語從句:1、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句最常用的連詞是because, since和as,所引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中because語勢最強，since次之，as 又次之。 because通常表示說話人認(rèn)為這種理由或原因是聽話人所不知道why的，

14、全句強調(diào)的重點在原因上，不在主句表示的結(jié)果上?；卮鹛岢龅膯栴}時，只能用 because 在強調(diào)句型中也只能用 because從.句，不能用since, as等，如:Because can ' t see very well, I have to sit near the front.It was becausehe was ill that he didn ' t go with us.It was becausdne was ill that he didn ' t come. since和as引導(dǎo)的句子，重點在主句的內(nèi)容，其原因或理由在說話人看來已很明顯，或已為聽話

15、人所熟悉，since和as只是一種附帶的說明原因，不是對原因進(jìn)行強調(diào)，如:As he is work ing hard, he is likely to succeed.d better ask some one else.Sincehe can ' t answer the question, youAs / Sincehe was not at home, I spoke to his brother.Sinceyou in sist, I will recon sider the matter.As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at ho

16、me. for是并列連詞，它引導(dǎo)的句子只能后置。表示因果關(guān)系時，可以和because換用；但當(dāng)它用于對主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時,不能用because代替，如:He couldn ' t have seen because / fori was not here.The ground is wet, for / becauseit rained last ni ght.It rained last ni ght, for the ground is wet this morni ng. because之前可以加上 simply, only, jus等強調(diào)詞，如:You shouldn

17、' t get atjusbecausesome people speak ill of you.2、復(fù)合連詞也可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句. 這些連詞有：now (that), seeing (that), considering (that), for the reason that, by reason that, for fear that, that 等，如:Now (that) (= Sinceyou men tio n it, I do remember.Now (that) he is absent, you ' ll have to do the work by yo

18、urself.s start.'s have dinner.Now (=Since)the rain has stopp ed, letSeeing (that)all the guests have arrived, letShe did n ' tfgo fear that she would get lost.He has done very well,considering (thathe has no exp erie nee.I haven ' t finished writing the reportynot that (= not because) di

19、slike the work, but that (= but because) have not time.Consideringthat they are just beg inn ers, they are doing quite a good3在“主語+ be +形容詞+ that ”句型中，主語通常是人，形容詞通常為：glad, happy, Pleased, sorr等表示感情的形容詞，這時 that可以看作原因狀語從句，如:We are glad that (= because e have reaped ano ther bumper harvest.I m glad (tha

20、t)you are all right.We are sure thatour team will wi n.I' m pl easeUat you have decided to come.六、結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句往往放在主句之后， 通常主句是因，從句是果，這和原因狀語從句剛好相反，例如:t come.He was ill, so that he did nHe did n t come because he was ill.1結(jié)果狀語從句通常用下列連詞引導(dǎo)：sothat, suchthat, such that, so that, that等，例如:He was so angr

21、y that he left the room without say ing a word.The book is writte n in such simple En glish that we beg inn ers can un dersta nd it without much difficulty.It was such abad accide nt that several people got injured.His dilige nee wassuch thathe made great p rogress.He did n ' t p la n his time w

22、so, that he did n ' t fin ish the work in time.She worried so that she could hardly eat her supper.What have I done that you should be so angry with me?2、應(yīng)注意的幾個問題: 在非正式文體中，由 sothat, such (a)that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，往往可以省略連詞that，這時，從句之前往往用逗號與主句隔開，在口語中則用停頓表示省略。He was so tired (,) (that)he could hardly sta nd

23、.P eter is such agood boy (,) (that) he is loved by everybody.You walkso fast (that)I can ' t keepe> with you.We left in such ahurry (that) we forgot to lock the door.He was so rude (that) she refused to sp eak to him. 當(dāng)so修飾動詞時，后面應(yīng)稍停頓，如:His heart beat so A that he could hardly breathe.She wor

24、ried so Ahat she could hardly eat her supper. 當(dāng)so位于句首時，主句的語序應(yīng)倒裝，如:Sobadly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital.So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.、目的狀語從句1、目的狀語從句通常使用的連詞有：so that, in order that, that, so否定的句式常用lest, in case, for fear tha來引導(dǎo)。目的狀語從句中一般要有can, may, could, might,

25、 will, would,should等情態(tài)動詞，如:Bri ng it closer (so) that I may see it better.I put dow n his address for fear that I should forget it.The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can / may un dersta nd well.We'sit nearer the front sowe can hear better.(非正式或口語)The driver looked over the engin

26、e carefully lest it (should)go wrong on the way.P lease remind me of it aga in tomorrow in caseI forget.Take an umbrella with you, in case (= for fear that)t rains / it may rain / it should rain.He left early in casehe should miss the train.2、so that / so既可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句.又可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句.其區(qū)別可以根據(jù)上下文的意義來判斷，也可以從

27、其結(jié)構(gòu)上來判斷。 凡在講話時，so that / so從句之前有停頓，在文字中 so that /從句之前有逗號，貝偽結(jié)果狀語從句，否則為目的狀語從句，如:We all arrived at eight, so (that) the meeti ng bega n promp tly.(結(jié)果狀語從句）We'come at eight so (that) the meeti ng can beg in early.(目的狀語從有時，由so that或so引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句之前并沒有逗號，這時，就要看從句中有沒有can, may, could, might, will, would, sh

28、ou|ld等情態(tài)動詞，如果有，多半是目的狀語從句，如果沒有，多半是結(jié)果狀語從句，如:I am going to the lecture early so that I' get a good seat.(目的狀語從I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.結(jié)果狀語從句) 目的狀語從句可以移至句首，而結(jié)果狀語從句不能前移，如:So that he could be heard in every room, John spoke through a micro pho ne.（目的狀語從句）Joh n sp oke thro

29、ugh a micr ophone so that he was heard in every room.（結(jié)果狀語從句）八、條件狀語從句1、條件狀語從句通常用下列連詞引導(dǎo)：if, unless, supposing (that僅在問句中使用)，suppose (that), in case, so / as long as, so far as, on condition (that), p rovided (that)等，例如:In casehe comes, let me know.You can go outas / so long aou pro mise to be back be

30、fore eleve n.I will come aga in tomorrow p rovided (that)I have time. (= if)Suppo sing (that)t rains tomorrow, what shall we do? (= if)'ll lose farthpieteou cUnlessyou tell him yourself, he we ll let you use the roomon condition that / provided thalyou keep it clea n and tidy.2、有時可以把祈使句作為條件從句，祈使

31、句后面要搭配and，如:Come tomorrow, and I will tell you.(=If you come tomorrow, I will tell you.)Give him an inch and hell teke a miMake up your mind, or youll miss the cha nee.'ll take a mile.)Hurry up, or (else) youll be late.(=If you give him an in ch, he注：當(dāng)表示否定的條件時，可用連詞 or或otherwise,女口:Start at on ce

32、, or / otherwise you ' II miss the train.'II miss the train.)(=If you don' Start at once, you ' II miss the train.) (=Unlessyou start at on ce, you3、if only是if的強調(diào)式，通常表示說話人強烈的愿望,但愿,真希望”女口:If only it clears up, we ' II go.If only somebody had toId us, we couId have warned you.如果有人告

33、訴了我們，我們就會讓你提防的。注：if only引導(dǎo)的狀語從句有時可以不依附于主句而獨立存在，表示說話人的希望、愿望或遺憾等心情，如:If only he comes in time. (= I hope he will come in time.)'t drive so fast.)If only he didn ' t drive so fast. (= I wish he didnIf only I hadn ' t been late for work.(=I wish I hadn' t been late for work.)4、在真實條件句中，從句

34、動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間，主If you move, I' shoot you.If I p ressthis butt on, what will happen?If you come you can see it.句通常帶有情態(tài)動詞，如:If you finish early, youmay go.注 當(dāng)從句表示將來已經(jīng)完成或正在進(jìn)行的動作時，動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，如:I will retur n the book on Mon day if I have read itThe police won ' t take your car avyayj are

35、sitting in it.注如果從句表示現(xiàn)在的意圖、意愿、決心等，則可以用will / shall,如:If you will read the book, I ' ll let you have it.If you will help me, we can finish by six.If you will give up smoki ng / drinking, your health will improve.5、有一種條件句，其從句動詞不管主語的人稱和數(shù)如何，一律用“should +不定式”，主句動詞可根據(jù)意義需要采取不同形式，如:If he shouldhear of yo

36、ur marriage, he would be surp rised.'ll tell yoolthetorty.If you shoulchear the n ews, p lease let us know.If you shoulcbe in terested, IIf it should rain we had better stay in doors.If he should comeomorrow, I would tell him everyth ing.注：在正式文體中，可用 should I (we, you etc)代替 If I (we, you etc.) s

37、hould ，如:+不定式，如:Shouldl be free tomorrow, I will come.Shouldyou see Mike, will you ask him to ring me up?Shouldyou see my mother, tell her I am quite well.6、非真實條件句: 當(dāng)從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的條件時，從句動詞用一般過去時或were型虛擬式，主句動詞用 would / should / could / might + 不定式，如:If I were you, I should con sult a doctor.If I lived

38、in the twenty-first century, my life might be different in a nu mber of ways. 當(dāng)從句表示與過去事實相反的條件時，從句動詞用過去完成時, 主句動詞用 would / should / could / might不定式完成式，如:If he had triedhard last term, he would have succeededIf he had takerhis doctor' s advicmjgiht not have died 當(dāng)從句表示將來不大可能實現(xiàn)的條件時，從句動詞用一般過去時 或 were

39、 / was to +不定式，主句動詞用 would / should / could / mightWhat would you do if it snowedtomorrow?He wouldn ' t dcurk less you were toorder him to. 在正式文體中可用“were + 主語”等倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)代替“ if +主語+ were”等結(jié)構(gòu)；“had +主語+ ed分詞”代替“if +主語+ had + ed分詞”結(jié)構(gòu),如:Were I in your place, I would be very worried.Were Johnto go to the u

40、ni versity, he would have to work hard.Had the captain bee n more careful, his shipwould not have been sunkHad it not bee n for the expen se, I should have gone tdtaly.7、unless與ifnot的用法比較:If you don' start at once, you will miss the train.Unlessyou start at on ce, you will miss the tra in.unless

41、在意義上相當(dāng)于ifnot，在有些場合兩者可以交替使用,但在有些場合又不可以互換，以下是不可互換的情況:當(dāng)ifnot引導(dǎo)非真實條件狀語從句時，一般不可以改用unless例如:If she werent so silly, she would understand.（事實上她很傻，改成Unlessshe were so silly含義為她不傻）If I hadnt stopped her, she would have jumped into the river.（事實上我阻止了她，改成 Unless I had stopped her含義為我沒有阻止她。）unless表示除外的唯一條件，因此通常

42、不能用and連接兩個unless從句，而ifnot則不受此限，如:She won ' t lose weight she does not keep a diet and if she does nottake exercises every day.She won ' t lose weightnlessshe keeps a diet and takes exercises everyday.(不說：unlessshe keeps a diet and unlessshe takes exerciseseveryday.)unless從句中可用否定詞，而ifnot從句中不可

43、再加否定詞，因此在unless引導(dǎo)的否定從句中，不可用 ifnot代替unless，如:I will go unless no one else does.I will go if no one else doesn Xt.Don' t ask me to ex plain uni ess you really dont un dersta nd.Don' t ask me to explain if you really not dont un dersta nd.x 在ifnot從句中通常用非肯定詞，而在unless引導(dǎo)的肯定形式I will be very angry i

44、f you haven' spoken to her yet.I will be very angry unlessyou have already spoken to her.的條件從句中，通常用肯定詞，而不用非肯定詞，如:九、讓步狀語從句1.弓丨導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的主要連詞有although, though, as, eventhough / if 等。He is unhapp ythough he has a lot of money.雖然他很有錢，但他不快樂。They will sta nd by youeven if you fail.即使你沒成功，他們也會支持你。注意：alth

45、ough/though 不可與but連用，但可與yet, still 等連用。例如。Thoughit was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 雖然雨下得很大，但他們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)踢足球。2. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，需倒裝，從句中的表語和狀語或動詞原形要置于句首；though引導(dǎo)時，倒裝或不倒裝皆可。如表語是名詞,不可加冠詞；若動詞原形前置，從句要有 may或 might。例如:Child as he is, he knows a lot.盡管是個孩子，他卻懂得很多。Try ashe might he could not find a job.不管怎么努力，他還是找不到工作。3. when禾口 while 也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然” 。例如:While they are my n eighbors, I do not know them well.雖然他們是我的鄰居，但我并不很熟悉他們。4whether o可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為：不管是 還是,不論是否。例如