怎樣使句子多樣化

1、 怎樣使句子多樣化 句子是由詞或短語按語法規(guī)則組成，表達(dá)一個(gè)完整意思的語言單位。好的英語句子應(yīng)該是結(jié)構(gòu)意思正確完整，連貫流暢，言簡(jiǎn)意賅。但是如果一篇文章中所有的句子都是結(jié)構(gòu)單一(以主語開頭，采用"主-謂-賓"或"主-謂-表"的結(jié)構(gòu))、長(zhǎng)短均等的話，句子寫得再好，文章也是單調(diào)呆板，缺乏生氣。要克服這種句式"單一"現(xiàn)象，可以通過變換句子開頭以及句式兩種手段。 一、 句子開頭多樣化寫作時(shí)最常見的是用名詞或代詞構(gòu)成的主語作為句子的開頭。除了主語外，句子中還有以下幾種成分可以作為句子的開頭。1. 以同位語作為句子的開頭。試比較下列兩個(gè)句子：A.

2、 Xiao Wang, our monitor，will attend the meeting. B. Our monitor, Xiao Wang, will attend the meeting. 句A以主語Xiao Wang開頭，句B以同位語Our monitor開頭。2. 以單個(gè)修飾語作為句子的開頭。這個(gè)修飾語可以是形容詞、分詞或副詞。試比較下面幾組句子：A. She is young and ambitious, she works hard to get the job. B. Young and ambitious, she works hard to get the job.

3、句A以主語She開頭，句B以形容詞短語Young and ambitious開頭。C. The girl entered the room gracefully. D. Gracefully, the girl entered the room. 句C以主語The girl開頭，句D以副詞Gracefully開頭。E. The students reached the top of the mountain exhausted. F. Exhausted, the students reached the top of the mountain. 句E以主語The students開頭，句F以

4、過去分詞Exhausted開頭。 3. 以短語修飾語作為句子的開頭。短語修飾語可以是介詞短語、不定式短語、分詞短語以及獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較下列各組句子：A. A beautiful girl stood in front of me. B. In front of me stood a beautiful girl. 句A以主語A beautiful girl開頭，句B以介詞短語In front of開頭。 C. The students worked hard to pass the exam. D. To pass the exam, the students worked hard. 句

5、C以主語 The students開頭，句 D以不定式短語 To pass the exam開頭。E. He was confused about the problem and went to ask for his teacher. F. Confused about the problem, he went to ask for his teacher. 句E以主語He開頭，句 F以過去分詞短語 Confused about開頭。G. You may go home after you finish your homework. H. Your homework finished, yo

6、u may go home. 句G以主語 You開頭，句H以獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) Your homework finished開頭。4. 用從句作為句子的開始。試比較下列句子：A. I will attend your lecture if I am free. B. If I am free, I will attend your lecture. C. We all know she is famous. D. That she is famous is known to us all. 句A和句C以主語開始，句B和句D以從句開始。值得注意的是句子的開頭與句子所需強(qiáng)調(diào)的意義密切相關(guān)。改變?cè)~序有時(shí)會(huì)

7、導(dǎo)致句子意義的細(xì)微變化。因此，在特定的上下文中決定是否改變某一句子的詞序時(shí)，不僅要考慮我們所要表達(dá)的意思(如為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的某個(gè)成分，將正常語序中較晚出現(xiàn)的成分移到句首)，還要考慮是否有利于上下文的銜接過渡以及句子是否均衡等。二、句式的多樣化句式多樣化是對(duì)一篇好的文章的基本要求。要做到這一點(diǎn)，首先要對(duì)英語句子有充分的了解。英語句子種類很多，句法結(jié)構(gòu)豐富多彩。通?？梢园凑找韵聵?biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)英語句子進(jìn)行分類：1. 根據(jù)使用目的的不同，將句子分為陳述句，疑問句，祈使句和感嘆句。(1) 陳述句說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或是陳述說話人的看法。例如：A. He must have finished his homework.

8、B. She is a diligent student. (2)疑問句提出問題。例如：A. Does she know English?B. What did you do last night?(3)祈使句用來表示請(qǐng)求，命令，叮囑，邀請(qǐng)，勸告等。例如：A. Have a cup of tea. B. Don't smoke. (4)感嘆句表示說話時(shí)的驚訝，喜悅，氣憤等情緒。例如：A. What an interesting film!B. How beautiful it is!2. 根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)的不同，將句子分為簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句，復(fù)合句以及并列復(fù)合句。(1) 如果一個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)主

9、謂結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)句子是簡(jiǎn)單句。例如：A. She has finished her homework. B. Both my brother and sister are teachers. (2)如果一個(gè)句子包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)句子是并列句。并列句中的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)通常由逗號(hào)和并列連詞來連接。例如：A. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. B. Type O is the most common blood type in the world, and type AB is the rarest. (3)如果一個(gè)句子包含兩個(gè)或

10、兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)另一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中的某一(些)成分，如主語，賓語，定語等，該句為復(fù)合句。例如：A. Because the luxury liner was traveling so fast,it was impossible to avoid the ghostly looking iceberg. C. Some people say that it may result in some social problems in the future. (4)當(dāng)一個(gè)并列句中的一個(gè)(或更多的)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中包含有一個(gè)(或更多的)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，這種句子為并列復(fù)合句。例

11、如：A. He was watching me or something for an hour or two, drawing back the curtain so little lest I catch him, but I saw his face, and I think I can see the anxiety upon it, the worried impatience. B. I have brought what you need, but you haven't brought what I need. 3. 根據(jù)不同的修辭功能，句子可分為松散句，圓周句，對(duì)偶句

12、，平行結(jié)構(gòu)句，長(zhǎng)句和短句。(1) 松散句和圓周句。在一個(gè)句子中，先介紹主要的信息，再介紹次要的信息，這樣的句子叫松散句。松散句的結(jié)構(gòu)比較松散，其各個(gè)部分往往能獨(dú)立表示某一意義。在一個(gè)句子中先介紹次要的信息，再介紹重要的信息，即要到句子的末尾，句子的意思才完全表達(dá)清楚，這樣的句子叫圓周句。圓周句的結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，只有讀完整個(gè)句子，全句的整體意思才能顯現(xiàn)出來。例如：A. The workers here are mostly diligent, though not all. B. The workers here are mostly, though not all，diligent. C. He w

13、ill go abroad if he has enough money. D. If he has enough money, he will go abroad. 句A和句C為松散句，句B和句D為圓周句。一般來講，按正常語序排列的簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句，主句在前從句在后的復(fù)合句都屬于松散句。松散句便于組織，便于理解，便于使用，是人們常用的句式。修飾語(尤其是狀語)位于句首的簡(jiǎn)單句以及從句在前主句在后的復(fù)合句屬于圓周句。圓周句的重心在后，可以造成一種懸念，抓住讀者的注意力，因而可以收到一種特殊的效果。但圓周句不能使用太頻繁，因?yàn)闆]有人愿意一直處于等待和懸念當(dāng)中。(2) 對(duì)偶句是在句中用平對(duì)或?qū)ΨQ的結(jié)

14、構(gòu)來表現(xiàn)兩種相反的意思。由于其結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱整齊，前后兩層意思相反，可達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。例如：A. What is written without effect is in general read without pleasure. B. Deeds show what we are; words what we should be. (3) 平行結(jié)構(gòu)句就是把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的結(jié)構(gòu)相同，意義并重，語氣一致的詞、短語或句子排列成串形成一個(gè)整體，以加強(qiáng)語氣，達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的。例如：A. We can gain knowledge by reading, by reflection, by observati

15、on or by practice. B. I have a dream that my four children will someday live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. (4)長(zhǎng)句和短句。根據(jù)句子的長(zhǎng)短，句子可分為長(zhǎng)句和短句。例如：A different form of reading might also be done, as it was in the past: reading aloud. Few pastimes bring a family closer together than gathering around and listening to mother or father to read a good story. The quite hour coul