單片機-英文參考文獻(xiàn)

1、Structure and function of the MCS-51 seriesStructure and function of the MCS-51 series one-chip computer MCS-51 is a name of a piece of one-chip computer series which Intel Company produces. This company introduced 8 top-gradeone-chip computersof MCS-51 seriesin 1980 after introducing 8 one-chip com

2、puters of MCS-48 series in 1976. It belong to a lot of kinds this line of one-chip computer the chips have,such as 8051, 8031, 8751, 80C51BH, 80C31BH,etc., their basic composition, basic performance and instruction systemareall thesame.8051 daily representatives51 serial one-chip computers.An one-ch

3、ip computer system is made up of several following parts: ( 1) One microprocessorof 8 (CPU). ( 2) At slice data memory RAM (128B/256B),it use not depositting not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc. ( 3) Procedure memory ROM

4、/EPROM (4KB/8KB ), is usedto preservethe procedure, some initial data and form in slice. But does not take ROM/EPROM within some one-chip computers, such as 8031 , 8032, 80C ,etc. (4) Four 8 run side by side I/O interface P0four P3, eachmouth can useas introduction , may useas exporting too. ( 5) Tw

5、o timer / counter, eachtimer / counter may set up and count in the way, used to count to the external incident, can setup into a timing way too, and can accordingto count or result of timing realize the control of thecomputer.( 6) Five cut off cutting off the control systemof the source. (7) One all

6、 duplexing serial I/O mouth of UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) ), is it realize one-chip computer or one-chip computer and serial communication of computer to use for. ( 8) Stretch osc川ator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely tune electric capacity need outer. A

7、llow oscillation frequency as12 megahertasnow at most. Every the above-mentioned part was joined through the inside data bus .Among them, CPU is a core of the one-chip computer, it is the control of the computer and command centre, made up of such partsasarithmetic unit and controller, etc.The arith

8、metic unit can carry on 8 persons of arithmetic operation and unit ALU of logic operation while including one, the 1 storing device temporarilies of 8, storing device 2 temporarily, 8's accumulation device ACC, register B and procedurestateregisterPSW, etc. Personwho accumulate ACC count by 2 in

9、put ends entered of checking etc. temporarily as one operation often, come from personwho store 1 operation is it is it make operation to go on to count temporarily , operation result and loopback ACC with anotherone. In addition, ACC is often regardedas the transferstation of datatransmissionon 805

10、1 inside .The same as general microprocessor, it is the busiest register. Help remembering that agreeingwith A expressesn the order.The controller includesthe procedurecounter, the order is depositted,the order decipher,the osc川ator and timing circuit, etc. The procedure counter is made up of counte

11、r of 8 for two, amounts to 16. It is a byte addresscounterof the procedurein fact, thecontent is the next IA that will carriedout in PC. The content which changesit can change the direction that the procedure carries out . Shake the circuit in 8051 one-chip computers, only need outer quartz crystal

12、and frequency to finely tune the electric capacity, its frequency range is its 12MHz of 1.2MHZ. This pulse signal, as 8051 basic beatsof working, namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other computers, the work in harmony under the control of the basic beat, just like an orchestraaccor

13、ding to the beat play that is commanded.There are ROM (procedure memory , can only read ) and RAM in 8051 slices (data memory, can is it can write ) two to read, they have each independentmemory address space, dispose way to be the same with general memory of computer. Procedure8051 memory and 8751

14、slice procedure memory capacity 4KB, address begin from 0000H, usedfor preservingthe procedureand form constant. Data 80518751 8031 of memory datamemory 128B, addressfalse 00FH, use for middle result to deposit operation,the data are stored temporarily and the data are buffered etc. In RAM of this 1

15、28B, thereis unit of 32 bytesesthat can be appointedasthe job register, this and general microprocessor is different, 8051 slice RAM and job register rank one formation the same to arrange the location. It is not very the same that the memory of MCS-51 seriesone-chip computer and general computerdis

16、posesthe way in addition. General computer for first addressspace,ROM and RAM canarrangein different spacewithin the rangeof this addressat will, namely the addressesof ROM and RAM, with distributing different addressspacein a formation. While visiting the memory, corresponding and only an addressMe

17、mory unit, can ROM, it can be RAM too, and by visiting the order similarly. This kind of memory structure is called the structure of Princeton.8051 memories are divided into procedurememory spaceand datamemory spaceon the physics structure, there are four memory spacesin all: The procedure stores in

18、 one and data memory spaceoutside data memory and one in procedure memory spaceand one outside one, the structure forms of this kind of procedure device and data memory separatedform data memory, called Harvard structure. But use the angle from users,8051 memory addressspaceis divided into three kin

19、ds: (1) In the slice, arrangeblocks of FFFFH , 0000H of location , in unison outside the slice (use 16 addresses).(2) The data memory addressspaceoutside one of 64KB, the addressis arrangedfrom 0000H 64KB FFFFH (with 16 addressed too to the location. (3) Data memory addressspaceof 256B (use 8 addres

20、ses).Three above-mentioned memory spaceaddressesoverlap, for distinguishing and designing the order symbol of different data transmission in the instruction system of 8051: CPU visit slice, ROM order spend MOVC , visit block RAM order uses MOVX outsidethe slice, RAM order usesMOV to visit in slice.8

21、051 one-chip computerhavefour 8 walk abreastI/O port, call P0, P1, P2andP3. Each port is 8 accuratetwo-way mouths, accountsfor 32 pins altogether. Every one I/O line can be used as introduction and exportedindependently.Each port includes a latch (namely special function register), one exports the d

22、river and a introduction buffer . Make data can latch when outputting, data can buffer when making introduction , but four function of passwaytheseself-same.Expand amongthe system of memory outside having slice, four portthesemay serveas accuratetwo-way mouth of I/O in common use. Expandamongthe sys

23、tem of memory outside having slice, P2 mouth seehigh 8 addressoff; P0 mouth is a two-way bus, sendthe introduction of 8 low addressesand data/ export in timesharingOutput grade, P3of mouth , P1 of P1, connectwith inside have load resistanceof drawing , every one of they can drive 4 Model LS TTL load

24、 to output. As while inputting the mouth, any TTL or NMOS circuit can drive P1 of 8051 one-chip computersas P3mouth in a normal way . Becausedraw resistanceon output gradeof them have, can opena way collector too or drain-sourceresistanceis it urgeto open a way, do not needto have the resistanceof d

25、rawing outerly . Mouths are all accurate two-way mouths too. When the conduct is input, must write the correspondingport latch with 1 first . As to 80C51 one-chip computer,port can only offer milliampere of output electric currents, is it output mouth go when urging one ordinary basing of transistor

26、to regard as,shouldcontacta resistanceamongthe port and transistorbase, in order to the electricity while restraining the high level from exporting P1P3Being restoredto the throne is the operation of initializing of an one-chip computer.Its main function is to turn PC into 0000H initially , makethe

27、one-chip computerbegin to hold the conduct procedurefrom unit 0000H. Except that the onesthat enterthesystemare initialized normally,as becauseprocedure operate it make mistakes or operate there aren't mistake, in order to extricate oneself from a predicament, need to be pressed and restoredto t

28、he throne the key restartingtoo. It is an input end which is restoredto the throne the signal in 8051 China RST pin. Restoreto the throne signal high level effective , should sustain 24 shake cycle (namely 2 machine cycles) the above its effective times. If 6 of frequency of utilization brilliant to

29、 shake, restoreto the throne signal duration should exceed4 delicateto finish restoringto the throne andoperating. Producethe logic picture of circuit which is restoredto the throne the signal:Restoreto thethrone the circuit andincludetwo partsoutsidein the chip entirely. Outside that circuit produc

30、e to restore to the throne signal (RST ) hand over to Schmitt's trigger, restore to the throne circuit sample to output , Schmitt of trigger constantly in each S5P2, machine of cycle in having one more , then just got and restoredto the throne and operatedthe necessarysignal insidly. Restoreto t

31、he throne resistanceof circuit generally, electric capacity parameter suitable for 6 brilliant to shake,can is it restoreto the throne signal high level duration greaterthan 2 machine cycles to guarantee.Being restoredto the throne in the circuit is simple, its function is very important. Piecesof o

32、ne-chip computersystem could normal running,shouldfirst check it can restore to the throne not succeeding.Checking and can pop one'shead and monitor the pin with the oscillograph tentatively, push and is restored to the throne the key, the wave form that observes and has enough range is exported

33、 (instantaneous),canalso through is it restoreto the throne circuit group holding value carry on the experimentto change.譯文51系列單片機的功能和結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的監(jiān)控監(jiān)-51系列之一-計算機芯片監(jiān)控監(jiān)-51名是一幅一個電 腦晶片，英特爾公司生產(chǎn)系列.這家公司推出8級一個計算機芯片監(jiān)控監(jiān)-51系 列之后，于1980年8引入一個計算機芯片監(jiān)控監(jiān)，于1976年48系列.。它屬于 這一類型很多行一個芯片的電腦芯片都如8051、8031、8751、80c51bh,80c31bh等，其

34、基本組成、性能和基本教學(xué)制度， 都是一樣的.8051每日代表-51系列之一-電腦晶片有一個芯片的計算機系統(tǒng)是由以下幾個方面：（1）18微處理器（CPU）.（2）在切片數(shù)據(jù)存儲羊（128B/256B）,使用可以不讀書不數(shù)據(jù)寫如因經(jīng)營不中，最后結(jié)果要和數(shù)據(jù)顯示等. （3）存儲器存儲程序/可擦寫可編程只讀存儲器（4KB/8KB）,用于保存程序和數(shù)據(jù)， 初步形成片.但并不存儲器/可擦寫可編程只讀存儲器在一些人的電腦芯片，如 8031、8032、80c等.（4）經(jīng)營的84并肩一/四OP0P鼓口，每口可以用作介紹，也 可以用作輸出.（5）兩個定時/柜臺，每個計時器/柜臺可設(shè)立和計算的方法，用來 計算的外部

35、事件，可以建立成一個時間的方式也可以和根據(jù)計算結(jié)果或時間實現(xiàn)控制的計算（六）五切斷切斷源頭上控制系統(tǒng).（七）各一序I/O 口 UART件步接 收世界/發(fā)送（UART）,它是實現(xiàn)一個計算機芯片和一個計算機芯片和通訊系列電 腦上使用.（8）強、時鐘振蕩器電路生產(chǎn)、水晶石英細(xì)調(diào)需要外部電容.為使振 動頻率目前最.每上述地區(qū)內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)是通過加入單片機.其中,CPU的核心是一個電腦芯片，它是計算機和指揮控制中心等部分組成， 運算器和控制等.運算器的可攜帶8人計算a經(jīng)營單位的經(jīng)營邏輯，其中，1temporarilies 存儲裝置8、暫時貯存器2、8的行政協(xié)調(diào)會累積裝置、B、注 冊登記程序國有PSVWI.累積

36、計200人，行政協(xié)調(diào)委員會結(jié)束對進(jìn)入檢查.暫時運作往往是來自一店經(jīng)營者，這是經(jīng)營下去，使計暫時經(jīng)營成果和行政協(xié)調(diào)會. 此外，行政協(xié)調(diào)會經(jīng)常被視為轉(zhuǎn)運站，在8051年的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸.一般微處理器一樣，是 繁忙登記.幫助大家，表示了贊同的命令.控制程序包括柜臺命令詳解，振蕩器 電路和時間等.程序相當(dāng)于16.這是一個字節(jié)地址位的程序，其實，內(nèi)容是未來 IA將進(jìn)行PC.修改的內(nèi)容,它可以改變方向,進(jìn)行程序.在8051電路動搖一個 電腦芯片、石英晶體外，只需要相當(dāng)頻繁調(diào)整電容，具范圍是12mhz的頻率 1.2mhz.這一脈沖信號，作為8051年工作的基本節(jié)拍,即單位時間內(nèi)的最低.8051年是計算機一樣，在和

37、諧的工作基本控制打，就像打了一個樂團(tuán)，按照發(fā)揮， 指揮. 有存儲器（程序存儲器，只能讀）,8051年在羊片（存儲數(shù)據(jù)，是可以寫出） 二讀，他們每個獨立存儲空間處理，處理方式是一樣的，一般的電腦記憶.8051年和8751年撥款程序存儲程序存貯器4kb,從0000h地址，用于保存程序和方式 不變.數(shù)據(jù)8051-87518031128b記憶存儲數(shù)據(jù)，00fh假地址，用于存放操作結(jié)果 中，暫時儲存數(shù)據(jù)和資料等無人。在這種羊 128b,有32個單位字節(jié)可以出任就 業(yè)登記,這是與一般不同的微處理器、8051切片和就業(yè)登記成立一個級別相同 的地點安排.這是很不相同的記憶監(jiān)控監(jiān)-51系列之一-計算機芯片，除了

38、一般 電腦的方式處置.一般電腦先向空間、存儲器和 RAM目安排在不同的空間范圍 內(nèi)解決這一意愿，即存儲器的地址和RAM地址分配不同的空間形成. 同時來訪 的記憶，相應(yīng)的存儲器，只有一個地址，可以存儲，也可以撞擊，并以同樣的訪問. 這種記憶結(jié)構(gòu)稱為普林斯頓結(jié)構(gòu).8051記憶分為程序存儲空間和數(shù)據(jù)存儲空間 的物理結(jié)構(gòu)，有四個存儲空間：我們的程序儲存在一個數(shù)據(jù)存儲空間之外的數(shù)據(jù) 存儲和一個程序存儲空間、外一、結(jié)構(gòu)形式的這種程序裝置和數(shù)據(jù)存儲與形式 的數(shù)據(jù)存儲，稱為哈佛結(jié)構(gòu).但用用戶的角度，討論8051年的記憶空間分為三類： （1）在時代安排Ffffh座,0000h地點、從容外片（地址用十六）.（二）

39、處理數(shù)據(jù)存儲空間之外64kb之一，被安排從地址0000hFfffh64kb（地址16）,地點太.三） 處理數(shù)據(jù)存儲空間256b（地址8使用）.上述三個存儲空間地址重疊，鑒別設(shè)計， 象征不同的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)恼Z言系統(tǒng)8051:CPU訪問片，以存儲器，阻止訪問命令Ra 用途外用一張旅游片。8051年1-48芯片計算機與我走/澳港，要求PR P1、P2和P3.每個港口 8 準(zhǔn)確雙向口，共占32別針.每一個我/O線可作為引進(jìn)和輸出獨立.每個港口有 門閂（即登記特殊功能）、駕駛?cè)?、出口實行緩沖.可當(dāng)門閂使outputting 數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)可以緩沖時推出，但這些四個功能自我同一.在擴大對外開放具有時代記憶系 統(tǒng),

40、這四個港口可準(zhǔn)確雙向口一 /O共同使用。在擴大對外開放具有時代記憶系 統(tǒng)，高8P2口地址見客.P0 口是一個雙向車采用8送數(shù)據(jù)低地址/出口Timesharing 在8051年的巡回一個計算機芯片和四個一 /O港口很巧妙的設(shè) 計.熟悉我/港澳邏45電路，不僅有利于正確、合理地使用港口、激勵周邊邏輯 電路設(shè)計的一個計算機芯片有所提高.負(fù)載能力和接口港口有一定的要求，因為 產(chǎn)量等,P0和P1 口的最終產(chǎn)量、P3 口的結(jié)構(gòu)，在不同的年級，所以，負(fù)載能力和 接口要求其門南轅北轍相處.不同于其他P0 口口，其產(chǎn)量即將年級抵抗.o在使 用它的嘴巴，用共同使用，是生產(chǎn)事故等級亮起電路，它是利用NMOS2吁采取抵 制外，應(yīng)同時輸入，走出失敗.當(dāng)被用作介紹，應(yīng)該寫"一”的門閂頭.每一個有能 駕駛8P0口輸出模式LSTTL載荷.P1 口是一個正確的雙向口也作為我/海外廣泛使用.P0 口不同產(chǎn)量的電路，請聯(lián)系電力負(fù)荷就