45個(gè)介詞的基本用法（課堂PPT）

1、1 一、44個(gè)常見介詞的基本用法2 介詞短語(yǔ)=介詞+名詞 基本介詞 +單名詞 合成介詞 +多名詞 雙介詞 +名詞性從句31、about基本含義：a-b-out “A在B外面” 1 1、在、在周圍：周圍：The kids are sitting The kids are sitting aboutabout their teacher. their teacher. I like the necklace I like the necklace about about her throat.her throat. 2 2、環(huán)繞：、環(huán)繞：The bird always fliesThe bird

2、always flies about about the forest.the forest. I plan to travel I plan to travel aboutabout the world. the world. 3 3、關(guān)于：、關(guān)于：a book a book about about English studyEnglish study They are talking They are talking about about the new film.the new film. 4 4、adv adv 大約大約 固定搭配：固定搭配： 1 1、How about.?How a

3、bout.? 2 2、something+adj+about Xsomething+adj+about X 一些關(guān)于一些關(guān)于X X的的adjadj的事的事42、above基本含義：a-b-over “A在B上方” 引申含義：引申含義： 1 1、在、在上方上方:The sun rose :The sun rose above above the horizon.the horizon. 2 2、數(shù)目大于、數(shù)目大于/重量超過重量超過/價(jià)格（能力、地位）高于價(jià)格（能力、地位）高于 There is nothing in the store There is nothing in the store

4、above above 50 cents.50 cents. “He who comes after me is He who comes after me is above above me ,because he was before meme ,because he was before me” 固定搭配：固定搭配： 1 1、above all: above all: 首先（強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性）首先（強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性） Above all, Above all, he was an outstanding mathematician.he was an outstanding mathematicia

5、n. 2 2、above all things: above all things: 最最最最 What you need,What you need, above all things, above all things, is confidence. is confidence. 3 3、be above oneself: be above oneself: 興高采烈興高采烈=high spirit=high spirit When he heard the good news, he When he heard the good news, he was above himself.wa

6、s above himself.53、across基本含義：a-grass “A走過一片草坪 引申含義：引申含義： 1 1、穿過：、穿過：She walked She walked across across the road.the road. 2 2、在、在.對(duì)面對(duì)面: The bar is just : The bar is just across across the street.the street. 3 3、交叉：、交叉：He sat with his arms He sat with his arms across across his chest.his chest. The

7、 two lines pass The two lines pass across across each other at right angles.each other at right angles. 固定搭配：固定搭配： 1 1、A come across B. AA come across B. A偶遇偶遇B B。 I came across Yu Minhong the other day.I came across Yu Minhong the other day. 2 2、A ger sth across to B. AA ger sth across to B. A使某物被使

8、某物被B B了解。了解。 I want to get my theory across to all students.I want to get my theory across to all students.64、after基本含義：“A在B之后” （強(qiáng)調(diào)順序） 1 1、在、在之后之后 （時(shí)間順序、空間順序）（時(shí)間順序、空間順序） After After dinner, they went out for a walk.dinner, they went out for a walk. I should I should after after him, but he still wen

9、t on.him, but he still went on. 2 2、照著、照著的樣子的樣子 Read the sentence Read the sentence after after me, please.me, please. The building is named The building is named after after the famous hero.the famous hero. 固定搭配：固定搭配： 1 1、be afterbe after尋找尋找/go after /go after 追逐追逐/run after /run after 追求追求 You sh

10、ould run after your own dream.You should run after your own dream. 2 2、after allafter all不管怎樣不管怎樣 （即：在任何事情之后都一樣）（即：在任何事情之后都一樣） After all, he is your father.After all, he is your father. 3 3、look afterlook after照顧照顧75、against基本含義：a-g-e“相對(duì)” 1 1、碰著、靠著：、碰著、靠著：She was leaning She was leaning against agai

11、nst a tree.a tree. 2 2、反對(duì)：、反對(duì)：We should fight We should fight against against crimes.crimes. 3 3、預(yù)防：、預(yù)防：Save money Save money against against a rainy day.a rainy day.未雨綢繆未雨綢繆 固定搭配：固定搭配： 1 1、go against go against 違反（故意違反某人的意志）違反（故意違反某人的意志） He chose to go He chose to go against against his family.his

12、family. 2 2、be againstbe against （1 1）違反（違反法律、制度）違反（違反法律、制度） It is It is against against the law to hunt tigers.the law to hunt tigers. (2)(2)反對(duì)反對(duì) Lincoln was strongly Lincoln was strongly against against slavery.slavery. （3 3）不利于）不利于 What he said is What he said is against against him.him.86、around

13、基本含義：a-round”A在一個(gè)圓里面”（在一定范圍內(nèi)） 1 1、在、在周圍周圍:There are many bars :There are many bars around around the towm.the towm. 2 2、在附近、到處：、在附近、到處：I showed him I showed him around around our campus.our campus. 3 3、【、【advadv】大約：】大約： There are There are around around 1000 people watching the game.1000 people watc

14、hing the game.97、at基本含義:“朝向一點(diǎn)” 1 1、小地點(diǎn)、小地點(diǎn), ,或小時(shí)間點(diǎn)或小時(shí)間點(diǎn) Usually, he is Usually, he is at at his office in the morning.his office in the morning. I arrived I arrived at at home at 7:00.home at 7:00. Knock at;look at;aim at;shoot at;arrive atKnock at;look at;aim at;shoot at;arrive at 2 2、表示引發(fā)某種情緒或動(dòng)作的原

15、因、表示引發(fā)某種情緒或動(dòng)作的原因 He showed no sign of pleasure He showed no sign of pleasure at at seeing her.seeing her. Be surprised/excited atBe surprised/excited at108、before基本含義：“在之前“（時(shí)間、空間、順序） 1 1、時(shí)間上：、時(shí)間上：Please come back Please come back before before 10:00pm.10:00pm. 2 2、空間上：、空間上：DonDont put the cart t put

16、 the cart before before the horse.the horse. 3 3、順序上：、順序上：Health should come Health should come before before wealth.wealth. 固定搭配：固定搭配： 1 1、before longbefore long不久后不久后 2 2、before time:before time:提前提前 119、behind基本含義：be + hide “在之后“ 1 1、空間上，在、空間上，在后面后面: A dog is running : A dog is running behind beh

17、ind us.us. 2 2、在后臺(tái)操縱：、在后臺(tái)操縱：There must be someone There must be someone behind behind it.it. 3 3、時(shí)間上，在之后；能力上，在之后、時(shí)間上，在之后；能力上，在之后; ; New York is 12 hours New York is 12 hours behind behind Beijing in time.Beijing in time. He was He was behind behind others in ability.others in ability.1210、beside基本含義

18、：be+side “在邊上” 引申含義： 1、在.旁邊=next to; by the side of a town beside the sea She sat beside the teacher. 2、與.相比=compared with My work is so poor beside yours. 固定搭配：beside oneself 高興（悲傷）的不得了、忘形1311、besides基本含義：“除外，還有” There were 2 other students in the classroom There were 2 other students in the classr

19、oom besides besides Tom.Tom.1412、between基本含義：be-two-in“在兩者之間” 1 1、空間、時(shí)間、順序、等級(jí)上，在兩者之間：、空間、時(shí)間、順序、等級(jí)上，在兩者之間： Between Between two strange buildings stands a tree.two strange buildings stands a tree. His age is His age is between between sixty and seventy.sixty and seventy. 2 2、表示兩者之間的某種關(guān)系、表示兩者之間的某種關(guān)系 He

20、 has to decide He has to decide between between life and death.life and death. This is a secret This is a secret between between life and deathlife and death（僅在我們倆之（僅在我們倆之間）間）. . you should learn you should learn between between lineslines（字里行間）（字里行間）. .1513、beyond基本意思：be+yond（在彼處）=在之外 1 1、“在遠(yuǎn)處、在在遠(yuǎn)處

21、、在的那一邊的那一邊” What lies What lies beyond my reach.beyond my reach. 2 2、“超出超出的限度的限度”（能力認(rèn)識(shí)）（能力認(rèn)識(shí)） The fruit was The fruit was beyond my reach.beyond my reach. 3 3、“除除了了” I canI cant tell you anything t tell you anything beyondbeyond what you already know. what you already know. 固定搭配：固定搭配： 1 1、beyond wor

22、dsbeyond words無(wú)法形容無(wú)法形容 2 2、beyond understandingbeyond understanding難以理解難以理解 3 3、beyond curebeyond cure無(wú)可救藥無(wú)可救藥 4 4、beyond endurancebeyond endurance無(wú)法忍受無(wú)法忍受1614、by基本意思：by后面的名詞很重要 1 1、在、在旁邊旁邊 We prefer a table We prefer a table by the window.by the window. 2 2、到、到時(shí)候時(shí)候 We have studied several prepositi

23、ons We have studied several prepositions by now.by now. I shall have finished the work I shall have finished the work by the time you return.by the time you return. 3 3、通過、通過;根據(jù)根據(jù); He can tell the direction He can tell the direction by the stars.by the stars. DonDont judge a person t judge a person

24、by his looks.by his looks. 4 4、按、按計(jì)算計(jì)算 Eggs are usually sold Eggs are usually sold by dozen.by dozen. The temperature has risen by The temperature has risen by 5 degrees.5 degrees. 5 5、被、被；He He was shocked bywas shocked by what he had seen. what he had seen.17 固定搭配：固定搭配： 1 1、by accident/chanceby ac

25、cident/chance偶然偶然 2 2、by all meansby all means想盡一切辦法、一定要想盡一切辦法、一定要 3 3、by no meansby no means絕不、一點(diǎn)兒也不絕不、一點(diǎn)兒也不 4 4、by turnsby turns輪流輪流 5 5、by mistakeby mistake出于誤會(huì)出于誤會(huì)18 5、despite 基本意思：盡管、不顧=in spite of The old professor kept on working despite his poor health.1916、down基本意思：向下 引申含義：引申含義： 1 1、表示自上而下、

26、表示自上而下 In order to catch the bus they run down the hill.In order to catch the bus they run down the hill. Tears run down her face quietly.Tears run down her face quietly. 2 2、沿著河、沿著路、沿著河、沿著路 He walked down the road.He walked down the road. We sailed down the river.We sailed down the river. 固定搭配固定搭配

27、副詞副詞 Sth break downSth break down壞了壞了 Let sb down Let sb down 令某人失望令某人失望2017、during基本意思：在期間 1 1、在整個(gè)、在整個(gè)期間期間 Not a word did they say Not a word did they say during during the meal.the meal. I havenI havent had any meat t had any meat duringduring the last several years. the last several years. 2 2、在、

28、在期間的某個(gè)時(shí)刻期間的某個(gè)時(shí)刻 I saw Linda I saw Linda duringduring the meeting. the meeting.2118、except基本意思：ex-cept拿出來(lái) Everyone was here Everyone was here exceptexcept Tom. Tom. 【注意】【注意】 besidesbesides表示表示“加加”，exceptexcept表示表示“減減”2219、for基本意思：“為” 1 1、為了、為了 I bought a gift I bought a gift forfor you. you. He playe

29、d football He played football forfor England. England. 2 2、因?yàn)椤⒁驗(yàn)?Bejing is famous Bejing is famous forfor its long history. its long history. I thank you I thank you for for what you have done what you have done forfor me. me. 3 3、作為、作為 I had some chocolateI had some chocolate for for breakfast.brea

30、kfast. 4 4、表示時(shí)間、距離的長(zhǎng)短、表示時(shí)間、距離的長(zhǎng)短 I havenI havent seen yout seen you for for years.years. ForFor miles and miles you see nothing but trees. miles and miles you see nothing but trees.23 固定搭配： long for; thirst for 渴望 for the moment; for the present 現(xiàn)在、此刻 for the sake of 為了 I bear all this for the sake

31、of my work. for my part 對(duì)我而言 for fear of 唯恐./以防. for pleasure; for fun 為了消遣 for sale 出售2420、in基本意思：在.范圍之中 1 1、在、在.范圍之中（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)）范圍之中（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)） We sat down We sat down in in the shade of the trees.the shade of the trees. Rome was not built Rome was not built in in a day.a day. 2 2、在、在.情緒之中情緒之中 I am I am in

32、 in doubt about it.doubt about it. They are They are in in great enthusiasm about the project.great enthusiasm about the project. 3 3、在、在.狀態(tài)之中狀態(tài)之中 You have put yourself You have put yourself in in danger.danger. Their economy was Their economy was in in chaos.chaos. Please put all the books Please p

33、ut all the books in in order.order.25 4 4、穿著、穿著. The police were all The police were all in in plain clothes.plain clothes. I was I was in in a jacket that day.a jacket that day. 5 5、用、用.語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)言 The letters were written The letters were written in in Chinese.Chinese. WhatWhats this s this in in English

34、i?Englishi?26 固定搭配：固定搭配： in a sensein a sense在某種程度上在某種程度上 in accordancein accordance根據(jù)根據(jù).；按照；按照. in advancein advance提前提前 in generalin general一般而言一般而言 in onein ones opinions opinion根據(jù)某人觀點(diǎn)根據(jù)某人觀點(diǎn)27 2121、insideinside 基本含義：在基本含義：在.里面（靜態(tài)）里面（靜態(tài)） I looked I looked into into the box, only to find nothing th

35、e box, only to find nothing inside inside it.it.2822、into基本含義：進(jìn)入.的里面（動(dòng)態(tài)） 1 1、進(jìn)入、進(jìn)入.的里面的里面 It was rainning, so they went It was rainning, so they went into into the house.the house. He immediately copied those sentences He immediately copied those sentences into into his book.his book. 2 2、進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)、進(jìn)入某

36、種狀態(tài) I burst I burst into into tears/laughter.tears/laughter. You must put the theory You must put the theory into into practice.practice. 3 3、變成、變成././成為成為. The book has been translated The book has been translated into into many languages.many languages. Those experiences have changed him Those exp

37、eriences have changed him into into a true man.a true man.29 固定搭配：固定搭配： get sb into trouble/difficulties get sb into trouble/difficulties 使遇到麻煩使遇到麻煩 look into look into 調(diào)查，研究調(diào)查，研究 run into run into 碰到，邂逅碰到，邂逅30 2323、likelike 基本含義：基本含義：“像像” He looks He looks like like his father.his father. It was It

38、 was like like fishing fishing for for a needle a needle in in the ocean.the ocean. It was not It was not like like her.her.3124、of基本含義：“屬于某個(gè)集合” 1 1、屬于、屬于I am a student I am a student of of New Oriental School.New Oriental School.2 2、由、由.制成的制成的The desk is made The desk is made of of wood.wood.3 3、表示

39、人或物的性質(zhì)、表示人或物的性質(zhì)They two are They two are of of the same height.the same height.English is English is of of great importance.great importance.4 4、表示后者修飾前者的、表示后者修飾前者的A of BA of BThe 2008 Olympic Games was held in the City The 2008 Olympic Games was held in the City of of Beijing.Beijing.5 5、表示前者修飾后者的、

40、表示前者修飾后者的A of B(A of B(此時(shí)此時(shí)A A為數(shù)量詞為數(shù)量詞) )Millions Millions of of people are celebrating the festival.people are celebrating the festival.3225、off基本含義：“離開” 引申含義；引申含義； 1 1、從某物體上分離出來(lái)（動(dòng)態(tài)）、從某物體上分離出來(lái)（動(dòng)態(tài)） Cut small piece Cut small piece off off the bread.the bread. Tom fell Tom fell ofoff f the wall.the wa

41、ll. 2 2、表示離某物、某地有一定的距離（靜態(tài)）、表示離某物、某地有一定的距離（靜態(tài)） The old man lives on an island The old man lives on an island off off the coast.the coast.3326、on基本含義：“吸附” 引申含義：引申含義： 1 1、在、在.上面上面 Put the book on the desk.Put the book on the desk. 2 2、在某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間上、在某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間上 The accident happened on the cold winter morning

42、.The accident happened on the cold winter morning. 3 3、“關(guān)于關(guān)于” a lecture on English study.a lecture on English study. 4 4、處于某種狀態(tài)、處于某種狀態(tài) I am on a tour to Japan.I am on a tour to Japan. The influence of China is rapidly on the rise.The influence of China is rapidly on the rise.34 2727、oppositeopposite

43、 基本含義：基本含義：”op-poop-po”對(duì)立，在對(duì)面對(duì)立，在對(duì)面 I am sitting opposite Tom.I am sitting opposite Tom.3528、out of基本含義：“出” 1 1、從、從.出發(fā)、從出發(fā)、從.出來(lái)出來(lái) He ran out of the house.He ran out of the house. 2 2、從總體中、從總體中“分離出分離出“一部分一部分 Three out of four people are in favor of the plan.Three out of four people are in favor of th

44、e plan. 3 3、“出于出于“ I study English out of interest.I study English out of interest. 4 4、沒有了、沒有了 I have run out of money.I have run out of money. I was out of breath when I got there.I was out of breath when I got there. 5 5、從中提取出來(lái)（類似于、從中提取出來(lái)（類似于made frommade from） Flour is made out of wheat.Flour is

45、 made out of wheat.3629、outside基本含義：out+side“在外邊“ 引申含義：引申含義： 1 1、外部的、外部的 Outside the window lies a bridge.Outside the window lies a bridge. 2 2、除了、除了=excepet=excepet No one knows it outside the members of my own family.No one knows it outside the members of my own family.3730、over基本含義：蓋在.上面 1 1、在、在.

46、上面上面 I put a cloth over the table.I put a cloth over the table. I saw a bridge over the river.I saw a bridge over the river. 2 2、在、在.問題上問題上 Do not cry over spilt milk.Do not cry over spilt milk. 3 3、凌駕于、凌駕于.之上之上 The king rules over the empire.The king rules over the empire.3831、past基本含義：超過 1 1、經(jīng)過、經(jīng)過

47、 I drove past your house yesterday.I drove past your house yesterday. 2 2、時(shí)間或年齡上超過、時(shí)間或年齡上超過 It is a quarter past nine.It is a quarter past nine.3932、regarding基本含義：有意識(shí)地相關(guān) He wants to talk with me regarding his future.He wants to talk with me regarding his future. Regarding you recent enquiry.Regardin

48、g you recent enquiry. 關(guān)于您最近的詢問關(guān)于您最近的詢問4033、since基本含義：自從 He has not written to his parents since last Christmas.He has not written to his parents since last Christmas. I have been in Beijing since 2010.I have been in Beijing since 2010. I have been here since then.I have been here since then.4134、thr

49、ough基本含義：穿過（跐溜） 1 1、通過、穿過、通過、穿過 Walk through the door.Walk through the door. 2 2、貫穿一段時(shí)間、貫穿一段時(shí)間 It keeps raining through April.It keeps raining through April. 3 3、經(jīng)歷、經(jīng)歷 He has gone through the whole event.He has gone through the whole event. 4 4、通過某種途徑、通過某種途徑 The American people won their freedom thr

50、ough struggle.The American people won their freedom through struggle.4235、throughout基本含義：全部包括 1 1、在整個(gè)、在整個(gè).地區(qū)地區(qū) The good news has spread throughout the country.The good news has spread throughout the country. 2 2、在整個(gè)、在整個(gè).時(shí)間時(shí)間 He has been feeling bad throughout the day.He has been feeling bad througho

51、ut the day.4336、to基本含義：“去、到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)目的、方向 1 1、“到到”某個(gè)位置、方向某個(gè)位置、方向 go to schoolgo to school 2 2、“到到”某個(gè)時(shí)間、數(shù)目某個(gè)時(shí)間、數(shù)目 DonDont leave things to the last moment.t leave things to the last moment. 3 3、“到到”某個(gè)狀態(tài)某個(gè)狀態(tài) The music can put you to sleep in a short while.The music can put you to sleep in a short while. 4 4、“對(duì)著對(duì)著”某個(gè)對(duì)象某個(gè)對(duì)象 DonDont yell to me.t yell to me. 5 5、“對(duì)于對(duì)于”某個(gè)對(duì)象某個(gè)對(duì)象 It is important to me.It is important to me.4437、towards基本含義：方向、趨勢(shì) 1 1、表示動(dòng)作的方向、表示動(dòng)作的方向 He ran toward to horizon.He ran toward to horizon. 2 2、“對(duì)于對(duì)于” She has a mixed feeling