高中英語語法非謂語動詞專項講解

1、非謂語動詞一:基本形態(tài)及表達作用1. 一般式不定式 (to + do1.1說明行為在謂語動詞所表示的行為之后,多數(shù)是那些表愿望的詞:want; hope; expect; wish 等。 I want to go home. I hope to see you.1.2說明行為與謂語動詞表示的行為同時發(fā)生,多數(shù)是那些省略不定式符號的詞,一般是復(fù) 合賓語。 I saw him come in.He helped him (to carry things.2. 一般式動名詞 V-ing2.1表示動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)出。 We enjoyed seeing the film. I am th

2、inking of taking over the job.2.2在動詞 insist on; rely on; count on(相信 等后表示動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之后發(fā)生。 He insisted on doing that work2.3在有些明確表示時間先后的動詞和介詞 on; upon after代替完成動名詞表示的動作在謂 語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。 I remember seeing him before. On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.3. 一般式分詞3.1現(xiàn)在分詞 v+ing說明分詞表示的動作和句中謂語動詞表示

3、的動作同時發(fā)生。 He stood there speaking. Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.說明分詞表示的動作發(fā)生之后,句中謂語動詞表示的動作立刻發(fā)生。 Entering the room, I found nobody in.Turning to the right, you will find the post office.3.2過去分詞I can't find my lost pen.well-known in this country.4. 完成式不定式 to+have done4.1說明行為動詞在謂

4、語動詞表示的行為動詞之前發(fā)生。 I'm sorry to have troubled you. He is said to have come here.He is thought to have done it.He is believed to have done it.He seemed to have known it.4.2在 wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等動詞過去時后,說明行為動詞沒有實 現(xiàn)。 We wished to have done this.I expected to have left by then.(=I

5、had expected to heave by then.5. 完成式動名詞 having+done說明動名詞表示的動作,此句中動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。 We regret having told you the news.After having finished his work, he went home.He denied having broke the glasses.6. 完成式分詞 having+done說明分詞表示的動作, 此句中謂語動詞表示的動作先發(fā)生。 多數(shù)表示一些瞬時間動詞。 如果 是 hear; see或表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞 arrive; leave; turn; o

6、pen.不用完成時 Having finished his work, he went home.Sitting down with him, we begun to discuss it.Hearing this, he rose and went to the door.二:非謂語動詞用法對比(一不定式與動名詞做主語:1、動名詞做主語往往表示普通的、一般的行為,不定式做主語常表示某次具體的行為。例 如:Collecting information about childrens health is his job. 收集有關(guān)兒童健康的信息是他的 工作。Its necessary to di

7、scuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 與一位有經(jīng)驗的老師 討論這個問題是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主語的句型有:2.1 Its difficult (important, necessary for sb. to do2.2 Its kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave of sb. to do.3、常用動名詞做主語的句型有:Its no good (use, fun doing.Its (a waste of time on

8、es doing.Its worth while doing.(二不定式、動名詞、分詞做表語:1、不定式做表語常表示謂語動詞所表示動作之后發(fā)生的動作。His teaching aim of this class is to train the students speaking ability. 他這節(jié)課的教學目 的是要訓練學生說的能力。2、動名詞做表語是對主語內(nèi)容的解釋,這時主語與表語位置可以互換,動名詞常用于口語 中。Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的(指蟻后的專職工作是產(chǎn)卵。3、現(xiàn)在分詞做表語表示主語的性質(zhì)與特征;進行時表示正在進行的動作。The t

9、ask of this class is practising the idioms. (現(xiàn)在分詞做表語With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. (現(xiàn)在進行時4、常用作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有:interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示進行與主動。The joke is amusing .這笑話很逗人。The problem is puzzling. 這個問題令

10、人不解。5、過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的被動狀態(tài)或完成某動作的狀態(tài)。而被動語態(tài)表示主語所 承受的動作。The village is surrounded by high mountains.(過去分詞做表語The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.(被動語態(tài)He is well educated.(過去分詞做表語He has been educated in this college for three years.(被動語態(tài)常用在句中做表語的過去分詞有:used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satis

11、fied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected 等。6、注意如下動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞用法不同:interest (使 感興趣 , surprise (使 吃驚 , frighten (使 害怕 , excite (使 興奮 , tire (使 疲勞, please (使 滿意, puzzle (使 迷惑不解, satisfy (使 滿意, amuse (使 娛樂, disapp

12、oint (使 失望, inspire (使 歡欣鼓舞, worry (使 憂 慮它們的現(xiàn)在分詞常修飾物(有時修飾人,表示主動,過去分詞常修飾人,表示被動(包括 某人的 look 、 voice 等。例如:Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。They are very tired. 他們很疲勞After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.(三 不定式與動名詞做賓語:1、下列動詞跟不定式做賓語:want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, d

13、ecide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。2、在下列動詞或動詞短語后用動名詞做賓語:enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent

14、(from, keepfrom, stop(from, protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in, succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。3、在 forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等動詞后跟不定式與動名詞意義不同,不 定式表示謂語動詞之后的動作,而動名詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,常用一般式 doing 代替完成式 having done.He forgot to te

15、ll me to post the letter.(他忘了叫我發(fā)信。I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永遠也忘不了在一 個普通信封上發(fā)現(xiàn)了那枚珍貴的郵票。Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里,記得給我們寫信。I dont remember meeting him. 我不記得見過他。I regret to tell you that I cant go to your birth-day party. 我很遺憾告訴你我不能去參加你的

16、 生日晚會了。They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他們后悔同意這個計劃。He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他盡力假裝與朋友分享歡樂。She tried reading a novel, but that couldnt make her forget her sorrow. 她試著看看小說, 但也不能使她忘記傷心事。I didnt mean to hurt you. 我沒有企圖傷害你。A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不圖回報地幫 助別人。4、動名詞作 need, want, require, be worth的賓語時,用主動式代替被動式。The washing-machine needs repairing.(或用:needs to be repaired這臺洗衣機需要修 理。The point wants referring to. 這一點要提到。This En