利用還原解高考題

1、利用“還原法”巧解高考題隴南市武都區(qū)兩水中學(xué) 王雷平英語中句子句式變化之后，會造成句子表面成份的暫時缺失，也會造成句子的“貌似神非”性。從而導(dǎo)致學(xué)生想當然地去作題，針對這種情況，筆者認為“還原句式”是正確解答這類習(xí)題的關(guān)鍵。下面我們結(jié)合例題對“還原法”作一說明。一、 語序還原英語中主動式變成被動式、陳述式變?yōu)橐蓡柺胶缶湫虬l(fā)生了變化，句子成份的位置也會發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化，這樣就打破了句子固有的結(jié)構(gòu)，造成句子成份的表面缺失，這時如果我們還按照原有思維去做這種變化了語序的題，無疑會做錯。語序還原主要有兩種：（）疑問式還原為陳述式；（）被動式還原為主動式。例1Is this school you visi

2、ted last week?A：which B：where C：one D：the one析：此題好多學(xué)生選A ，理由是school 后的句子是定語從句，且從句中缺賓語。因此填A(yù)無可非議。但大多數(shù)學(xué)生卻忽略了我們做題時是按疑問式的語序去做的，就如上文講的一樣，我們是以原有的思維去解變化了語序的題的。句子正常語序應(yīng)是：This school is I visited last week .句子語序還原后由大多數(shù)學(xué)生所認為的定語從句變成了真正意義上的表語從句，即：填關(guān)系代詞what（the thing that）。所以此題的正確答案應(yīng)為D 。例2What way have you thought

3、of (solve) the problem ?析：此題學(xué)生極易填solving 理由是介詞之后應(yīng)該跟名詞或者動名詞，其實同例1一樣，將句子變成正常語序：I have thought of () way (solve) the problem之后，我們可以看出of 的賓語應(yīng)是way ，而所填詞也當然由原來of 的賓語變成了way的后置定語 to solve 。例3We are not allowed (smoke) here.析：同上面兩例所犯錯誤一樣，學(xué)生極易填smoking 。因為他們遵循的是結(jié)構(gòu)：allow sb to do sth 和allow doing sth .他們以為句中all

4、ow 沒賓語sb，故填smoking 。語序還原后我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)句中allow的賓語應(yīng)為us 。故此句中應(yīng)填to smoke 。二、 定語從句中先行詞的還原引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有代替先行詞在從句中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的語法功能，這就說明先行詞一定會在從句中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。利用這一特性，可以正確、簡捷的解答定語從句試題。例4The tree, the branches are almost bare , is a very old one.A：whose B：in which C：on which D：Of which析：解這道題時，我們只需要將先行詞還原到從句中加以判斷即可，還原后的從句是：the branch

5、es are almost bare the tree .句子調(diào)整后應(yīng)為 the braches the tree are almost bare .很顯然空處填of而the tree作的是of的賓語，關(guān)系代詞代替后為of which 。例5 Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had went wrong again.A： it repaired B： to be repaired C： to repair D：had repaired 析：在這個句子中主干句是Mrs. Brown was much

6、disappointed to see the washing machine went wrong again , she had 是修飾washing machine 的定語從句 。主干句時態(tài)是過去時且repair動作發(fā)生在went wrong 動作之后，這樣就可以判定從句時態(tài)是過去完成時并且“某人使某事由別人去做”用結(jié)構(gòu)“have sth done”。綜上所述，還原后的句子就是：she had done (have the washing machine repaired) 即：she had had the washing machine repaired 。因為the washing

7、 machine 與先行詞重復(fù)，因此要用that/which代替，且that/which可省掉。因此句子的完全形式是Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again 。即正確答案為D。三、 名詞性從句還原為定語從句名詞性從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)的定語從句，即：what = the thing that；when = the time when ; where = the place where ; why = the reason why ; how =

8、the way that 。例6Is this hotel_we were to stay in your letter?例7This school is what I visited last week = this school is the one that I visited last week = this school is the one I visited last week (that 在從句中作賓語，可省掉)名詞性從句向定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化可以使句子邏輯語義明朗化，能加深學(xué)生對語段和文章深層次地理解，同時也能明確對句子選項的判斷，以便準確、果斷地選出答案。四、“分詞所在短語”還原

9、為“狀語從句”。分詞短語作狀語時，需要選用分詞形式，這樣我們就需要判定分詞所在動詞與主句主語間的邏輯關(guān)系：若它們間呈現(xiàn)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，分詞用現(xiàn)在分詞；若呈現(xiàn)動賓關(guān)系，分詞用過去分詞；若它們間既非主謂關(guān)系也非動賓關(guān)系，我們就要用獨立結(jié)構(gòu)去做，但有時我們這樣常會犯一些判斷上的主觀錯誤。要避免這種問題，只有將分詞所在句式按前后語境還原成狀語從句然后根據(jù)狀語從句變?yōu)榉衷~短語作狀語的規(guī)則去做，這樣才能保證答案的正確性。例8a) (Lose) in thought, I ran into a tree in front of me.b) (Catch) in a heavy rain, he had a bad cold.在上面兩題中，a)題極易主觀地判斷成“我陷入沉思”即：lost 與 I是主謂關(guān)系而填losing b)題也一樣極易判斷成“我淋雨了”即catch與I是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系而填catching。正確的答案應(yīng)分別為lost和caught 。這是因為按語境，分詞所在句式可以轉(zhuǎn)化成這樣的狀語從句：a) Because I was lost in thought, I ran into a tree in front of me. b) Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he had a bad