高考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(全國(guó)通用)（課堂PPT）

1、專題二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞思維流程非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能形式成分to dodoing done主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)解答非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的題目時(shí)，一般要遵循以下思路：(1)解析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；(2)找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，確定該動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系(主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng))；(3)搜索句子中相關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)；(4)將該選項(xiàng)放入空格中，看看能否句意通順，完成交際任務(wù)。What made her so upset?Her not _(allow) to go to the ball made it.答案being allowed根據(jù)上文問(wèn)句可知是對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)，承接上文的

2、回答是作主語(yǔ)的。用動(dòng)名詞的否定形式作主語(yǔ)。1.能作主語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有to do和doing。二者的區(qū)別是：表示某一具體的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用to do；表示比較抽象的一般行為傾向的，多用doing。doing作主語(yǔ)時(shí)通常位于句首；to do作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常置于句末，用it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首。知識(shí)點(diǎn)二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)(1)Smoking is prohibited(禁止) here.我們這兒禁止抽煙。(2)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.抽太多煙對(duì)你不好。(3)To make a plan first is a good idea.It is a go

3、od idea to make a plan first.首先制定好計(jì)劃是個(gè)好主意。(4)It takes three hours to walk there.從這兒步行到那兒花費(fèi)三個(gè)鐘頭。2. 但在下列句型中常用doing作主語(yǔ)。It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。It is of little good staying up too late every day.每天熬夜太晚不大好。想一想，類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有哪一些？想一想，類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有哪一些？1.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._

4、(have) the answers ready will be of great help.答案Having本題考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。表示預(yù)備好答案這件事，故用動(dòng)名詞。句意：進(jìn)行工作面試前有必要好好準(zhǔn)備。預(yù)備好答案會(huì)很有幫助的。2.In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important match.答案it本題考查形式主語(yǔ)，其真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式to keep order。句意：事實(shí)上對(duì)警察而言在重要比賽中維持秩序是一項(xiàng)艱難的工作。知識(shí)點(diǎn)三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)to do和doing都可作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)形式有以下幾

5、類：1.有些動(dòng)詞后常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)通常只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： agree (同意); offer(提出); intend, plan(打算，計(jì)劃); demand, ask(要求)；promise(答應(yīng)); prepare(準(zhǔn)備); decide(決定); refuse(拒絕); dare(敢于); choose(選擇); wish, hope, want, expect(希望，想要)；fail(失敗); pretend(假裝); manage(設(shè)法); determine(決心)等。如：They have agreed to give me another chance.他們已經(jīng)答應(yīng)給

6、我另外一次機(jī)會(huì)。He refused to tell me their plan. 他拒絕告訴我他們的計(jì)劃。2.有些動(dòng)詞后常跟doing作賓語(yǔ)，如： admit(承認(rèn))，appreciate(欣賞)，avoid(避免)，consider(考慮)，delay (耽誤；延遲), dislike(不喜歡); enjoy(欣賞；享受), escape(逃脫；逃避)，excuse (原諒)，finish(完成)，forgive(原諒)，imagine(想象), keep(保持), mind(介意), miss (錯(cuò)過(guò)), practise(練習(xí)), resist(拒絕，抵制), risk(冒險(xiǎn))，sug

7、gest(建議)，deny(否認(rèn)；否決)。如：Youd better make good preparations for you cant risk losing the chance.你最好做好準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)槟悴荒苊笆ミ@次機(jī)會(huì)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Do you mind my opening the door? 你介意我打開(kāi)窗戶嗎？1212to是介詞的固定詞組很多，常見(jiàn)的有：是介詞的固定詞組很多，常見(jiàn)的有：look forward to(盼望盼望), devoteto /be devoted to(致力致力于于), be/get used to(習(xí)慣習(xí)慣), lead to(導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致), get down

8、 to(開(kāi)始認(rèn)真開(kāi)始認(rèn)真), pay attention to(注意注意), refer to(談?wù)劦降?, point to(指向指向), turn to(轉(zhuǎn)向轉(zhuǎn)向), object to(反對(duì)反對(duì)), equal to(等于，能勝任等于，能勝任), belong to(屬于屬于)等。等。3.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟to do 又可以跟doing作賓語(yǔ)，意義上無(wú)多大區(qū)別。如begin/start(開(kāi)始)；continue(繼續(xù))；love(喜歡)等。如：I like swimming very much, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我非常喜歡游泳

9、；但是今天下午我不想去游泳。4.既可接不定式又可接doing作賓語(yǔ)，但不定式用被動(dòng)式的形式；doing用主動(dòng)式的形式。句子的意思沒(méi)有差別。但句子的主語(yǔ)一般是動(dòng)作的承受著。這類動(dòng)詞主要有：want，need，require，deserve等。 如：(1)Your watch needs repairing/to be repaired.你的手表需要被修理一下。(2)The windows need painting again/to be painted again.這些窗戶需要再漆一下。思考：該類結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)與思考：該類結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)與need/-后動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系后動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系5.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不

10、定式，又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別。如forget，remember, mean, regret, stop, try，go on, cant help等。 如：I remembered opening the door but forgot to close it.我記得打開(kāi)了門，但忘記把它關(guān)上了。既能接不定式，又能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式，但意思不同的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)：remember to do記著要去做某事 forget to do忘記要做某事 remember doing記得做過(guò)某事 forget doing忘記做過(guò)了某事 mean to do打算要做某事 try to do盡力去做某事

11、mean doing意味著做某事 try doing試著去做某事 regret to do對(duì)即將要做的事感到遺憾 stop to do停下來(lái)去做另一件事regret doing后悔做過(guò)某事 stop doing停止做某事 go on to do做完一件再做另一件事 go on doing繼續(xù)做同一件事cant help to do不能幫助做某事cant help doing 情不自禁地做某事7.介詞后通常跟doing作賓語(yǔ)，但是but/except 后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，如果前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，則不帶to。如：He had nothing to do but lie down to sleep.

12、他無(wú)事可做，只好躺下睡覺(jué)。I have no choice but to accept the fact.我別無(wú)選擇只好接受事實(shí)。1.I dont want _(sound) like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.答案to sound動(dòng)詞want后常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。2.I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works.答案working；to stop動(dòng)詞s

13、tand此處表示“忍耐；忍受”之意，后面常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；而refuse后面只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。句意：我無(wú)法忍受和Jane在同一個(gè)辦公室。她總是拒絕在工作時(shí)停止談話。3.Little Jim should love _(take) to the theatre this evening.答案to be takenshould love后面只能跟不定式；主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以用被動(dòng)。4.Our classroom needs _(clean), who is on duty today?答案cleaning/to be cleanedneed 后面跟動(dòng)名詞，表示主語(yǔ)需要承受該工作，所以用cle

14、aning。也可用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。句意：我們的教室需要被打掃一下，今天該誰(shuí)值日？5.That would mean _(waste) a lot of labor.Really? I dont mean _(waste) any labor.答案wasting；to wastemean doing意味著； mean to do打算做。句意：那將意味著浪費(fèi)很多勞動(dòng)力。真的嗎？我沒(méi)打算浪費(fèi)任何勞動(dòng)力的。6.Isnt it time you got down to _(mark) the papers?答案markingget down to doing sth 開(kāi)始著手做某事，后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，

15、 mark是主語(yǔ)主動(dòng)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，不用被動(dòng)。7.He didnt know how_(operate) the computer.答案to operate知識(shí)點(diǎn)四非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)能作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有to do，doing，done，用哪種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式往往取決于前面動(dòng)詞的句型和不同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的意義。一、不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.使役動(dòng)詞，感官動(dòng)詞能接不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)， 常見(jiàn)的使役動(dòng)詞有make, let, have等；感官動(dòng)詞有see, hear，watch, observe, notice, find以及l(fā)isten to等。如：I saw him go into the

16、room just now.剛才我看到他走進(jìn)了房間。1.常跟不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)的詞“一感覺(jué)(feel)”、 “二聽(tīng)(hear/listen to)”、 “三讓(let/have/make)”緊跟著，“四看(watch/find/see/notice)”、“半個(gè)幫助(help sb do/help sb to do)”。2.此種句子一旦變成被動(dòng)句以后，則一定要帶上不定式符號(hào)to。如：I saw him go into the room.He was seen to go into the room.他被看到進(jìn)了房間。1.Children should be allowed _(make) t

17、heir own decisions.答案to makeallow sb to do sth 是常用短語(yǔ)，后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意：孩子們應(yīng)該被允許做出自己的決定。2.My teacher told me _(not be) so careless.答案not to betell sb to do sth 是常用短語(yǔ)，后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)，所以此處選擇不定式的否定形式。句意：老師告訴我不要那么粗心。二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句中的賓語(yǔ)往往是其邏輯主語(yǔ)，該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在主謂關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作?？梢詭в羞@種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的

18、有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。如：Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?聽(tīng)！你聽(tīng)到有人正在呼救嗎？3.Walking along the river, we saw someone _(fish) by the river.答案fishingsee sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，此處不用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式。4.When she returned home, she found the window open an

19、d something _(steal).答案stolenfind sth done用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示sth 是動(dòng)作的承受者。三、動(dòng)詞-ed形式做賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯賓語(yǔ)，該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：He is a humorous man and he always keeps us amused with his jokes.他是個(gè)很幽默的人，總是用他的笑話讓我們消遣。I found him buried in a novel.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他在埋頭讀一本小說(shuō)。We have done things we ought not to have done

20、 and left undone things we ought to have done.我們做了我們本不該做的事，而那些應(yīng)該做的事我們卻沒(méi)有做。過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)或完成。我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的項(xiàng)鏈不見(jiàn)了。I found my necklace gone.5.用所給詞的正確形式填空I heard her _(sing) an English song just now.I heard her _(sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.I heard the English song _(sing) many times.答

21、案singsingingsung知識(shí)點(diǎn)五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞都可以作定語(yǔ)，主要區(qū)別在于它們的時(shí)態(tài)意義和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義。一、不定式作定語(yǔ)1.不定式作定語(yǔ)和被修飾的名詞具有“動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”，即被修飾的名詞是不定式的動(dòng)作的承受者；如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，就要在不定式動(dòng)詞后加上相應(yīng)的介詞。如： (1)I have a lot of things to do.我有好多的事情要去做。 (2)The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一座舒服的大房子住。2.若名詞前有序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)修飾，后面一般用不定式作定語(yǔ)。如：He was the la

22、st one to leave school yesterday.他是昨天最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)學(xué)校的。3.有一些抽象名詞常用不定式作定語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有：ability，chance, attempt, decision等。如： Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.他們放棄實(shí)驗(yàn)的決定讓我們很吃驚。二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)1.表示動(dòng)作伴隨或進(jìn)行 如：(1)Please tell the children playing outside not to make so much noise.請(qǐng)告訴正在外面玩耍的孩子不要有那么大的噪音。(2)

23、The building being built will be completed next year.正在興建的建筑將在明年完工。2.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示的是被修飾的事物的性質(zhì)或用途。如：(1)He bought a ticket for a sleeping car for his vacation.為了假期，他買了一張臥鋪車的票。(2)There is a swimming pool in the backyard.在后院有個(gè)游泳池。3.表示被修飾詞的內(nèi)容，如：I got a call saying I was fired yestersay.三、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與其修飾的名詞

24、有“動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”，表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：Some of the experiments described in the book are easy to perform.在這本書(shū)里描述的一些實(shí)驗(yàn)很容易操作。1.The room is empty except for a bookshelf_(stand) in one corner.答案standing本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。句中stand是被修飾的詞bookshelf主動(dòng)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動(dòng)。2.It is said that Beijing University was the first

25、 institute of higher learning _(establish) in China.答案established本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。因?yàn)楸恍揎椀脑~institute是動(dòng)作establish的承受者，且該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去， 已結(jié)束，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)北大是建立在中國(guó)的第一高等學(xué)府。知識(shí)點(diǎn)六非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)能作狀語(yǔ)的有不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。作什么樣的狀語(yǔ)往往取決于它們的位置和在句中的意義。一、不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、結(jié)果：He hurried home only to find his money stolen.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)) 他匆忙趕到家

26、結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)錢被偷了。To make himself heard, he raised his voice.(目的狀語(yǔ))為了讓自己被人聽(tīng)到，他提高了聲音。句首表示目的，句中或句末表示目的或結(jié)果句首表示目的，句中或句末表示目的或結(jié)果二、分詞作狀語(yǔ)(1)Given a chance, I can surprise the world.(條件狀語(yǔ))給我一次機(jī)會(huì)，我可以震驚整個(gè)世界。(2)Coming into the room, he found his father angry.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))當(dāng)他進(jìn)入房間時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的父親很生氣。(3)Being tired, they went on working.

27、(讓步狀語(yǔ))盡管很累了，可他們繼續(xù)工作。(4)He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.(伴隨狀語(yǔ)) 他把一只手指放進(jìn)嘴里，嘗了嘗，笑了，看起來(lái)非常高興。(5)Please make a sentence using this word.(方式狀語(yǔ))請(qǐng)用這個(gè)詞造個(gè)句子。【溫馨提示】現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)往往表示“正常出現(xiàn)的、自然而然的或意料之中的”結(jié)果。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一種結(jié)果。如：(1)His parents died wh

28、en he was very young, leaving him an orphan.他父母在他很小時(shí)就去世了，使得他成了孤兒。(2)He hurried to his house only to find his house broken into.他匆忙趕到家發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已經(jīng)被人破門而入了。1.European football is played in 80 countries，_(make) it the most popular sport in the world.答案making根據(jù)句意：“80個(gè)國(guó)家的人都踢歐式足球，使得它成為世界上最流行的運(yùn)動(dòng)。”可知，這是一個(gè)順理成章的結(jié)果，所

29、以用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。2.He hurried to the station only _(find) that the train had left.答案to find根據(jù)句意：“他匆忙趕到車站結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)車已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了?！笨芍?，這是出乎他預(yù)料的結(jié)果，所以用不定式引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。窗戶是開(kāi)著的，門是鎖著的。【誤】The window is opened.The door is locked.【正】The window is open.The door is locked.誤點(diǎn)：_3.It remains _(see) whether Jimll be fit enough to play in th

30、e finals.答案to be seen本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)。remain后常跟不定式作表語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)，指的是事物有待被觀察，所以不定式后用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：Jim是否適合參加決賽還有待觀察。4.Tom sounds very much _(interest) in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it.答案interested本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)。此句中指人對(duì)于事物感興趣。所以，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。句意：Tom聽(tīng)起來(lái)對(duì)這個(gè)工作有興趣，但我不敢確定他是否能做得好。5.The purpose of new technol

31、ogies is to make life easier, _(not make) it more difficult.答案not to make本題考查不定式作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)前半句話to make life easier 可知選項(xiàng)應(yīng)與其同樣用不定式表目的，而且此處突出兩者的對(duì)比，通常不省略to?！炯磿r(shí)小練】_(compare) with others in the world, he found himself a lucky one.答案Compared本句中的compare的邏輯主語(yǔ)是“he”，是compare動(dòng)作的承受者，故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)，compare with是固定搭配“與相

32、比”的意思?！炯磿r(shí)小練】His work _(finish)，and he went out to play.答案was finished根據(jù)句式判斷，句中有連詞and，該句為并列句，前半句話應(yīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子，空中應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)楣ぷ魇潜煌瓿傻模杂帽粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題Do you have anything more _(type), sir?No.You can have a rest or do something else.解析句意：先生，你還有什么東西需要打印嗎？沒(méi)有了，你可以休息一下或做點(diǎn)其他事情。答案to be typed【即時(shí)小練】(1)(原創(chuàng))Woul

33、d you like to come to my birthday party this evening?Id like to.But I have an important report _(prepare).答案to prepare根據(jù)句意，第二句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)發(fā)出者，且該動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生，所以應(yīng)選擇不定式的主動(dòng)形式。句意：你愿意今晚參加我的生日聚會(huì)嗎？我愿意，可我有個(gè)重要報(bào)告要準(zhǔn)備。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _(finish) for the day.答案finished

34、由于動(dòng)詞finish與their lessons之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。又由于逗號(hào)前后的兩部分之間沒(méi)有連接詞，故橫線處不可能是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是獨(dú)立主格的一種用法，表示被動(dòng)和完成。51511. Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _(wear) sun glasses. 因已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞因已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞appeared，動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞wear前又沒(méi)有前又沒(méi)有并列連詞，即并列連詞，即wear不是并列謂語(yǔ)，它應(yīng)是非謂不是并列謂語(yǔ)，它應(yīng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，作狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，作狀語(yǔ), 表

35、示伴隨情況表示伴隨情況; 又因又因he與與wear是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。 wearing 靈活運(yùn)用靈活運(yùn)用 單句填空單句填空 52522. I noticed a man 18 _ (sit)at the front.已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞noticed, 且且sit前沒(méi)有并列連詞前沒(méi)有并列連詞, 因此因此, sit是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞; 由固定句式由固定句式notice sb. doing/do sth. (注意到某人在做注意到某人在做/做了某事做了某事) 可可知知, 填填sitting或或sit, 但我們認(rèn)為但我們認(rèn)為, 根據(jù)文中提根據(jù)文中提供的情境供的

36、情境, 不難推出不難推出, 作者作者“注意到注意到”時(shí)時(shí), 那那個(gè)人是個(gè)人是“正坐在正坐在”作者前面的作者前面的, 故填故填sitting更準(zhǔn)確、更切實(shí)際，也更生動(dòng)。更準(zhǔn)確、更切實(shí)際，也更生動(dòng)。sitting/sit53533. He spit it out, _(say) it was awful.因句中已有謂語(yǔ)因句中已有謂語(yǔ)spit, 此處又沒(méi)有連此處又沒(méi)有連詞詞, say不是并列謂語(yǔ)不是并列謂語(yǔ), 而是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)而是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞; 又因又因he與與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用現(xiàn)故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。saying54544. She wished that he w

37、as as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.句中已有謂語(yǔ)句中已有謂語(yǔ)was easy了了, please應(yīng)為應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞; 因在形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)因在形容詞后作狀語(yǔ), 只只能用動(dòng)詞不定式能用動(dòng)詞不定式, 故填故填to please。 to please55555. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop _ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.作目的狀語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ), 用

38、動(dòng)詞不定式。用動(dòng)詞不定式。to help56566. Simon made a big bamboo box _ _(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.這句中的這句中的make表示表示“做做; 制造制造”, 其后其后的不定式為目的狀語(yǔ)。句意為的不定式為目的狀語(yǔ)。句意為: 西蒙做西蒙做了一個(gè)大竹盒子來(lái)養(yǎng)這只有病的小鳥(niǎo)了一個(gè)大竹盒子來(lái)養(yǎng)這只有病的小鳥(niǎo), 等它能飛的時(shí)候再放走它。等它能飛的時(shí)候再放走它。 tokeep57577. His first book _(publish) next month is based on a true st

39、ory.根據(jù)句中的根據(jù)句中的next month可知是將出版可知是將出版, 故要用不定故要用不定式式; 又因?yàn)橛忠驗(yàn)閎ook與與publish之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故要用故要用不定式的被動(dòng)式。不定式的被動(dòng)式。8. Lydia doesnt feel like _(study) abroad. Her parents are old. 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)閒eel like中的中的like是介詞，根據(jù)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，介是介詞，根據(jù)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，介詞后接動(dòng)詞一般要用動(dòng)名詞。詞后接動(dòng)詞一般要用動(dòng)名詞。to be publishedstudying58589. Sarah pretended to be chee

40、rful, _ (say) nothing about the argument.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)saying nothing about.為伴隨狀語(yǔ)為伴隨狀語(yǔ), 句意為句意為: 莎拉假裝開(kāi)心莎拉假裝開(kāi)心, 對(duì)那次爭(zhēng)論什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。對(duì)那次爭(zhēng)論什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。saying10. I had great difficulty _(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.因因have difficulty (in) doing sth.為固定句式為固定句式, 其意其意為為“做某事有困難做某事有困難”。finding595911.

41、 It rained heavily in the south, _ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.“引起嚴(yán)重水災(zāi)引起嚴(yán)重水災(zāi)”是是“下大雨下大雨”的的自然結(jié)果自然結(jié)果, 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ), 用現(xiàn)在分詞用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)。causing.與與which caused.相當(dāng)。相當(dāng)。causing606012.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a chil

42、d safety seat.因因young children與與weigh是主動(dòng)關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。句中介詞短語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。句中介詞短語(yǔ)under.和和現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)weighing.一起作定語(yǔ)一起作定語(yǔ), 修飾修飾young children。weighing616113. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ (stop) talking while she works. 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)閏ant stand(不能忍受不能忍受)后習(xí)慣上要接動(dòng)后習(xí)慣上要接動(dòng)詞的詞

43、的-ing形式形式; 又因又因refuse后要求接帶后要求接帶to的不的不定式。定式。workingto stop626214. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _(repair).在表示在表示“需要需要”的的need后要接動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主形式的主動(dòng)形式動(dòng)形式, 或用不定式的被動(dòng)式?；蛴貌欢ㄊ降谋粍?dòng)式。15. Isnt it time you got down to _ (mark) the papers？ 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)間et down to中的中的to是介詞

44、是介詞, 后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞的后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。形式。repairing/to be repairedmarking636316. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _(set) up some schools for poor children.因因devote.to.中中to是介詞是介詞, 接動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式; all是是devote的賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ), he had是省略了關(guān)系代是省略了關(guān)系代詞詞that的定語(yǔ)從句的定語(yǔ)從句, 修飾修飾all。setting646417. Tsinghua University,

45、_ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.由于由于Tsinghua University(清華大學(xué)清華大學(xué))與與found(成立成立)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 即清華大即清華大學(xué)被成立于學(xué)被成立于1911年年, 故用過(guò)去分詞。故用過(guò)去分詞。 founded656518. Li Jian put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ (remind) of his own dreams.該考點(diǎn)涉及的搭配是該考點(diǎn)涉及的搭配

46、是remind sb. of sth. (提醒某人記住或想起某事提醒某人記住或想起某事), 顯然空格前顯然空格前的的himself與動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞remind之間存在著被動(dòng)之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系關(guān)系, 故用過(guò)去分詞。故用過(guò)去分詞。 reminded666619. _(offer)an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.由于句子主語(yǔ)由于句子主語(yǔ)Andy與動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞offer之間為之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系(即即Andy被人提供了某物被人提供了某物), 故故用過(guò)去分詞。用過(guò)去分詞。Offered67672

47、0. Claire had her luggage _ (check) an hour before her plane left.checked考查考查“have+名詞名詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。由結(jié)構(gòu)。由于于her luggage（她的行李）與（她的行李）與check（檢查）（檢查）之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。句意為：之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。句意為：飛機(jī)出發(fā)前飛機(jī)出發(fā)前1小時(shí)小時(shí), 克萊爾攜帶的行李接受克萊爾攜帶的行李接受了檢查。了檢查。686821. Alexander tried to get his work _ (recognize) in the medical c

48、ircles.因因“賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(his work)”與其后的與其后的recognize (承認(rèn)承認(rèn))是被動(dòng)關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用動(dòng)詞故用動(dòng)詞-ed形式。形式。recognized696922. A great number of students _ (question) said they were forced to practise the piano.由于由于students與與question(提問(wèn)提問(wèn),詢問(wèn)詢問(wèn)) 之間為之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用動(dòng)詞故用動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)。形式作定語(yǔ)。 questioned7070單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò) 一：一：1. He managed escap

49、e from the fire.manage后加后加to 由由manage to do sth.(設(shè)法做設(shè)法做成某事成某事)可知?？芍?。2. Nothing will make me to change my mind.把把to 去掉去掉 因因make sb. do sth.(使某人做某使某人做某事事) ,用不帶用不帶to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的不定式作賓補(bǔ) 。 71713. Mary doesnt have to be made learn because she always works hard.在在be made后加后加to 當(dāng)當(dāng)make sb. do sth. 用于被動(dòng)形式時(shí)，后接不可省略

50、用于被動(dòng)形式時(shí)，后接不可省略to的不的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。定式作賓補(bǔ)。 4. He hurried to the train station, only find the train had gone.在在find前加前加to 因因only to do 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的結(jié)果。表示事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的結(jié)果。72725. Tired from work, he wants to do nothing but to watch TV.把把but后面的后面的to去掉去掉 當(dāng)當(dāng)but和和except 前面有前面有動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面用不帶時(shí)，后面用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。的動(dòng)詞不定式。

51、6. At present, I have no choice but wait.but 后加后加to 當(dāng)當(dāng)but前沒(méi)有前沒(méi)有do，則后面的動(dòng)，則后面的動(dòng)詞不定式要帶詞不定式要帶to，have no choice but to do sth.(別無(wú)選擇，只能別無(wú)選擇，只能)。73737. You feel stressed out. Why not having a chat with our teachers?having have 習(xí)慣用習(xí)慣用why not do sth.(為什么為什么不不) 表建議，表建議，why (not)后面接不帶后面接不帶to的不的不定式。定式。8. I dont

52、 think it possible to mastering a foreign language without much memory work.mastering master 由句型由句型“主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)及物動(dòng)詞詞 + it + 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) + to do” 可知，常用可知，常用it 作形式賓作形式賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ), 真正作賓語(yǔ)的不定式放到后面。真正作賓語(yǔ)的不定式放到后面。74749. Ive worked with children before, so I know what expect in my new job.在在expect前加前加to “疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+ 不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)

53、構(gòu)在句中作賓語(yǔ)，這里在句中作賓語(yǔ)，這里what加加to expect，作，作know 的賓語(yǔ)。的賓語(yǔ)。10. All of you can have another try if you want.在在want 后加后加to 為了避免重復(fù)，作賓語(yǔ)的為了避免重復(fù)，作賓語(yǔ)的不定式第二次出現(xiàn)時(shí)往往省略，只保留不不定式第二次出現(xiàn)時(shí)往往省略，只保留不定式符號(hào)定式符號(hào)to。7575. 1. In our city, there are a lot of restaurants that serving western food.去掉去掉that 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，或者把現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，或者把serving

54、改改為為serve，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 2. You cant imagine how excited it is to listen to top scientists share their prediction on what the world will be like in a century. excited exciting 表示表示“令人興奮的令人興奮的”，應(yīng)用，應(yīng)用-ing形式。形式。76763. Sit beside me, my beloved daughter gave me a vivid description of what she

55、 experienced in her dream. sit sitting 因因my beloved daughter與與sit是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞的是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，作方形式，作方式狀語(yǔ)。式狀語(yǔ)。4. We were kept to waiting for quite a long time before the host turned up. 去掉去掉waiting前的前的to 由由keep sb. doing可知?？芍?。77775. On the Dragon Boat Festival, we saw the seashore crowded with people

56、 watched the dragon boat race. watched watching 因因people與與watch是主是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用-ing形式作形式作people的定語(yǔ)。的定語(yǔ)。6. It is no good copy the answer without trying to understand it.copy copying 在句型在句型it is no good/need/ use doing sth句型中，常用句型中，常用-ing形式作真正的主語(yǔ)。形式作真正的主語(yǔ)。78787. Missing the train mean waiting for anot

57、her hour.mean means 因因Missing the train是主語(yǔ)，是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)。8. The majority of the people questioned in an online survey are opposed to increase retirement age.increase increasing 因因be opposed to中中to為介詞，故用為介詞，故用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。形式作賓語(yǔ)。79799. As a senior 3 student preparing for the coming test, he spends most of his time improve this problem solving ability. improve improving 由句型由句型spend some time doing sth.可知?？芍?0. It is reported that the hurricane caused great damage to the constructions of the town, with tens