名詞可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

1、主要考查三個方面：1、聯(lián)系上下文，考查同義詞、近義詞辨析；2、可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞、名詞詞組的意義和用法；3、名詞的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用語。名詞的數(shù)規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則、七W 讀曰例子1一般情況在詞尾加s在清輔音后讀/s/在元音及濁輔音后讀/z/mapseagirl day apple 規(guī)則、七W 讀曰例子2以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加eses般讀作/iz/class watchbox-brush(刷子）-3以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞ves一般讀作leaf （葉子）thief（小偷）一變f和fe為v再加es/vz/knife wife（妻子）一規(guī)則、七W 讀曰例子4以y

2、結(jié)尾 的名 詞以輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的名 詞，變y為i，再加es（e）s 一般讀 作/iz/family party story city 以元音字母+ y結(jié)尾的名詞+ss 一般讀作/z/toy boyday5.以o結(jié)尾的名 詞有生命的一般加-eshero potatotomato pia no radio無生命的一般加-szoo photo可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他變化形式marwoma n foot tooth goose 特殊：child mouse 2單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheepdeer 3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers clothes chopsticks

3、glasses （眼鏡） goods（商品）4一些集體名詞用作復(fù)數(shù)people police cattle（牛）staff（全體職員）規(guī)則例詞5表示“某 國人”變 復(fù)數(shù)加-sAmerica n Germa n Europea n單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chin ese Japa nese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為- men 或-wome nEn glishma n Fren chwoman-記憶口訣：中日不變英法變，其余 s加后面常見的不可數(shù)名詞類別例詞orange 橙汁milk牛奶water水液體wine 酒juice果汁tea茶物質(zhì)名 詞coffee 咖啡soup湯oil油食物bread 面包m

4、eat肉cheese奶酪自然物體soil 土壤sand沙子wood木頭類別例詞抽象名詞情感joy 咼興 friendship友誼 peace和平學(xué)科math 數(shù)學(xué)geography地理physics 物理chemistry化學(xué)概念advice 建議 in formatio n信息 n ews 消息time 時間 money 金錢 populati on人口knowledge 知識 music 音樂不可數(shù)名詞的量化具體的量數(shù)詞+量詞+ of +不可數(shù)名詞two bottles of orange大概的量表示量的限定詞+不可數(shù)名詞some good pieces of n ews不可數(shù)名詞的多少可

5、用以下詞組來表示:a block of 一塊； a bottle of 一瓶 a group of一群；a pile of 一堆 a pair of一組/ 雙/ 對；a piece of 一片 / 張/ 塊既可作可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞的詞單詞詞義可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞fish魚，魚類（條數(shù)，種類）（復(fù)數(shù)形式：fish ）魚肉room房間a room空間glass玻璃杯a glass; 眼鏡（glasses）玻璃time次數(shù)，倍數(shù)three times時間experie nee經(jīng)歷 an experie nee經(jīng)驗(yàn)單詞詞義可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞work作品a work工作water水域（waters）

6、水orange橘子（oranges）橘子汁food食物種類食物【2016廣東】The broke nmay cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful.A. glassB. glassesC. can dleD. can dles【2016廣西來賓】There are manyabout this farm.Yes, lots ofare pla nted on it.A. photo; potatoB. photos; potatosC. photos; potatoesD. photoes; potatoes1. He

7、lp yourself to some. There are lots of vitami ns in them.A. tomatoB. tomatoesC. tomatosD. potatos2.if you take a pla ne, you cannot takeonto the pla ne with you.A. knifeB. knifesC. kni vesD. a kni ves3. Thehave caught the twoalready.A. policema n; thiefB. policeme n; thiefsC. policeme n; thievesD. p

8、olicema n; thieves【2016 重慶】It ' s sports time. Most football on the playgro und.A. boyB. boys C. boy ' s【2015 攀枝花】All the are fromstudents in Class 1 are play ingD. boysA. men doctors; Germa nyB. men doctors; Germa nC. man doctors; Germa nyD. man doctor; Germa n【2015廣安】How manycan you see in

9、 the picture?Two.A. dog B. child C. sheeps D. sheep【2015天河】Would you like someth ing to drink? e.A. Two bottle of orange B. Two bottle of oran gesC. Two bottles of orange D. Two bottles of oran ges 's所有格使用場合與構(gòu)成方法例子1單數(shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boy ' s father名詞所有格復(fù)數(shù)般在末尾加'the teachersroom名詞不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加sChild

10、ren ' s Daythe way to the bankthe key to the door3表示各有關(guān)系時，各名詞末尾均須加sJane' s and Mary ' s bikes（兩人各有）表示共有關(guān)系時，在取后一詞末加sJane and Mary ' s bike（兩人共有） of所有格the story of Sun Yang =Sun Yang' s story孫楊的故事“名詞+of+名詞”表示物體所屬關(guān)系。使用場合與構(gòu)成方法例子多用在無生命事物名詞前a map of Chinathe legs of the chair也可用于表示人和其他

11、有生Do you know the n ame of the命的名詞，一般用在名詞定語較長的時候boy sitt ing in bed?注意雙重所有格of +名詞所有格s.Lucy is a frie nd of my sister露西是我妹妹的一個朋友。of +名詞性物主代詞a picture of her son ' s她兒子的一張照片（屬于兒子所有，但照片中的人不一定就她兒子 ） 由“數(shù)詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的合成名詞作定語時，其所有格一般用名詞的單數(shù)形式，注意中間有 連字符“-”。a two-day holiday兩天的假期a 200-metre-wide river一條200米寬的河

12、 少數(shù)名詞使用的固定搭配（to所有格）the an swer to the questi on【2016山東東營】Are you sure this is a photo, the famous comedy actress?It surprised you, didn ' t it? But she was once really thin.A. Jia Ling B. Jia Li ng ' s C. of Jia Li ng D. of Jia Li ng' s【2015武威】mothers can ' t go to parents ' meet

13、ing because they are too busy.A. Jack ' s and PaulB. Jac k' s and Paul ' sC. Jack and Paul ' sD. Jack and Paul【2014廣東】Katheri ne was excited to receive a doze n of roses from her husba nd onDay.A. Woman B. Women C. Woman ' s D. Women ' s【2015 黑龍江】一Whose room is this? Is it th

14、eYes, it is A. twins ' ; Tom and Tim ' s B. twinC. twins ' ; Tom and Tim【2015 臨沂】I live near the station. It walk .s; Tom' s and Tim ' s's only about five A. minute ' s B. minuteC. minutes 'D. minutes1.school is quite n ear the bus stati on.A.Ted and Tom ' s B. Te

15、ds and Tom' s C. Ted and Tom D. Ted and Toms2. Do you know the boy who is play ing soccer there?Certa in ly. He is a friend of myA. brotherB. brothers C. brothers D. brothersRead ing timeA GREedy dog went into a butcher 'shop and stolea big juicy bone. He ran away so fast that the butcher co

16、uld not catch him. He ran out into thefields with his bone.He was going to eat it all byhimself.the dog came to a stream . There was a n arrowbridge across it. The dog walked on to the bridge, and looked into the water. He could seea no ther dog with a big bone i n his mouth.the GREedy dog thought t

17、he bone in the water looked much bigger tha n the one hehad stole nfrom thebutcher .the GREedy dog dropped the bone from his mouth. Itfell into the water and was lost. Hejumped into the water tosn atch the bigger bone from the other dog.the GREedy dog jumped into the water with a big splash. He look

18、ed everywhere buthe could not see the other dog. Hisshadow had gone.the silly dog went home hun gry. He lost his bone and got nothing because he had b een tooGREedy.Lion was awake ned from sleep by a Mouse running over his face. Rising up in an ger,he caught him and was about to kill him, when the Mo