專題八定語(yǔ)從句

1、關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略）、表語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)（限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略）whose (= of whom/of which)人或物定語(yǔ)that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略 ）which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略 ）as人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Each graduate standing on the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.每個(gè)畢業(yè)生都由父親或母親陪伴著站在操場(chǎng)上，等待校長(zhǎng)給他們

2、頒發(fā)畢業(yè)文憑。My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.我的女兒總不在家，她的工作需要經(jīng)常出差。1.關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法（1）限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只用that不用which的情況： 先行詞是不定代詞或者先行詞被不定代詞所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常只用that。Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你有什么要為自己說(shuō)的嗎？ 先行詞被序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)，the only, the very

3、, the last等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常只用that，不用 which。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最激 動(dòng)人心的足球比賽之一。This is the only thing that we can do now.這是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that，不用whichoThe scientist and his achievementsthat you told me about are admired by us all.我們所有人都?xì)J

4、佩你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他所取得的成就。 定語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在 which或who的特殊疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)用 that。Which is the bike that you lost?哪輛是你丟的自行車？Who is the boy that won the gold medal?贏得金牌的那個(gè)男孩是誰(shuí)？ 有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用which,另外一個(gè)宜用that。They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.他們偷偷地建了一家小工廠，這家工廠生產(chǎn)可能會(huì)造成污染的東

5、西。 當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海不再是過(guò)去的那座城市了。 主句是there be句型且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用that不用which弓I導(dǎo)。There is a seat in the corner that is still available.在那個(gè)角落還有一個(gè)座位可用。(2)只用which不用that的情況： 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, wh

6、ich, of course, made the others envy him.海倫對(duì)她最小的兒子比對(duì)其他的兒子好得多，這當(dāng)然讓其他的兒子很嫉妒她的小兒子。 關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.這是魯迅曾住過(guò)的房子。 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體或部分概念。The result was not the same as they had expected,which was rather disappointing.結(jié)果與當(dāng)初預(yù)料的不一樣，這讓人覺(jué)得很失望。2. wh

7、ich與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別whichas位置上只能放在主句的后面位置靈活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中搭配上無(wú)動(dòng)詞的限制謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是表示感覺(jué)或心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如see,hear, know, expect, remember 等意思上、/. a、亠?意為這一點(diǎn)意為“正如，正像的那樣”She was late for school again,which was unexpected.她上學(xué)又遲到了，這是始料不及的。She was late for school again,as we expected.正如我們預(yù)料的那樣，她上學(xué)又遲到了。名師指津as引導(dǎo)限制性定

8、語(yǔ)從句常用于下列句式：such+名詞+ as （像一樣的，像之類的）；such （pronJ + as （像一樣的，像 之類的）；the same+名詞+ as（和同樣的）。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我們已經(jīng)找到了像他們工廠里用的那種材料。I have the same book as he has.我和他有同樣的書(shū)。命題點(diǎn)感悟單句語(yǔ)法填空 （2018 全國(guó)卷 I ）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 s

9、howed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.解析：that /which 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞study，故填that/ which。 （2018 全國(guó)卷 n ）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government started a soil-testin

10、g program gives specific fertilizerrecommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.解析：that/which空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾“ a soil-testingprogram ”，先行詞表示物，故用that或者which。 （2017 浙江 11 月高考）The best part of the process is that there ' s enough room forimprovement,means you&

11、#39; ll just keep getting better and better.解析：which 空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which。 （2017 全國(guó)卷川）But Sarah , has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：who分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是Sarah ,故用關(guān)系代詞who。 （2017 全國(guó)卷n ）In their spare time, they are i

12、nterested in planting vegetables in theirgarden,is on the rooftop of their house.解析：which 空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which。 （2017 全國(guó)卷川 ）Around me in the picture are the things were veryimportant in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.解析：that/which 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，things作其后定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，并在從句中

13、作主語(yǔ)，故關(guān)系代詞用that或which orm關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞先行詞句法功能when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因原因狀語(yǔ)（只引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句）Sing! China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music, where some have stood out among them.中國(guó)新歌聲為有音樂(lè)天賦的年輕人建立了一個(gè)大舞臺(tái)，在這個(gè)舞臺(tái)上一些人從中脫穎而出。The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn ' t stu

14、dy hard.他考試失敗的原因是他學(xué)習(xí)不努力。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我還記得第一次來(lái)北京的那一天。名師指津當(dāng)先行詞為situation, case, stage, point等表示抽象意義的詞，且關(guān)系詞在 定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他們已經(jīng)至 U了 必須分手的地步。命題點(diǎn)感悟單句語(yǔ)法填空 （2017 浙江 6 月高考）Pahlsson and her

15、 husband now think the ring probably gotswept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden , it remaineduntil the carrot ' s leafy top accidentally sprouted （生長(zhǎng)）through it. For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.解析：where根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為“he garden ”，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故要用關(guān)系副詞where

16、引導(dǎo)。 （2016 全國(guó)卷 I ）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV showin the mid- 1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a specialunit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析：when 先行詞是表示時(shí)間的“ the mid-佃80s”，且從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞 when。 （2015 廣東高考 ）When harve

17、st came around , he was already selling herbs, vegetablesand cotton in the marketpeople from the towns met regularly.解析：where根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷，在這里應(yīng)填關(guān)系詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 表地點(diǎn)的先行詞 the market”，且從句中少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞where。1“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句成句法功能用法指津名詞（代詞）+介詞+關(guān)系代詞主語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)化為“ whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)詞（形容詞最高級(jí)）+ of+關(guān)系代詞主語(yǔ)數(shù)詞還可以

18、被 some, many, most, each等不定代詞替換介詞（短語(yǔ)）+關(guān)系代詞狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可與關(guān)系副詞互換介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞常用 which和whose介詞+關(guān)系副詞狀語(yǔ)有時(shí)為了表達(dá)清楚，還可以在關(guān)系副詞where/when 前加介詞 from 或 toRecently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.最近，我買了一個(gè)古代花瓶，它的價(jià)格很合理。He has ten cousins,the youngest of whom is very

19、 clever.他有十個(gè)表兄弟，最小的那個(gè)很聰明。Lily might possibly come, in which case I' ll ask her.莉莉可能會(huì)來(lái)，要是那樣的話我就去問(wèn)她。There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station.我的房間有一個(gè)大窗戶，透過(guò)它我可以看到火車站。2“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的2個(gè)考查點(diǎn)（1）考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞的選用若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom，指物時(shí)常用 which o（2）考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用一般來(lái)說(shuō)，確定關(guān)系

20、代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：先行詞和介詞的搭配習(xí) 慣；從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣；句子意思表達(dá)的需要。專題過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練I .單句語(yǔ)法填空1. Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to which_you aretravelling.2. At that time I was in Texas and I had a friend whose family business was running hotels.3. To the Egyptians, green was a color

21、 which/that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven.4. This woman has set a good example to her son, who is a really lucky guy.5. The watch, which_was a gift from his father, was very important to him and he was determined to find it.6. The settlement is home to ne

22、arly 1,000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.7. He wrote some of his most popular waltzes, among which was the well-known favourite The Blue Danube.8. Everywhere there are new freeways, tunnels and bridges which/that carry the ever increasing traffic under o

23、r over the river.9. Reading has a lot of advantages, one of which is that it helps you develop reading skills.10. From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that/which helps us to seek the truth.11. My house is about three kilometers far away from Xi ' an Muslim St

24、reet which/that is full of local foods.12. At the same time, another student, who saw everything, went up to help.13. My father was easily cheated, which surprised me.14. Actually, it is important for us to communicate with our parents because they are the dearest people in our life, who care for us

25、 all the time.15. Take part in activities at school, through which you can make more friends.n .運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法寫靚句1. 正如人們所發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，許多語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)是在生命的第一年進(jìn)行的，所以在那個(gè)時(shí)期父母應(yīng)該多跟孩子說(shuō)話。(language learning, be discovered, happen, talk much)A_lot_of_language_learning,_as_has_been_discovered,_is_happening_in_the_first_year of life,so

26、parents should talk much to their children during that period.2. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)老人躺在地上，我乘出租車立即把他送到了醫(yī)院，這就是那天上午我遲到的原因。(find sb. doing, take . to)I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to the hospital inat _xi_immediately,_which_was_why_l_was_late_that_morning.(in one' s3. 我們學(xué)校里的老師，大多數(shù)都是三十多歲，把

27、他們一切都奉獻(xiàn)給了我們。thirties, devote oneself to)The teachers of our school, most of whom are in their thirties, have devoted the mselves_to_us.4. 經(jīng)常聽(tīng)些英語(yǔ)歌曲或看些英語(yǔ)電影，這有助于提高你的聽(tīng)力和口語(yǔ)技能。(listento)Often listen to English songs or watch English movies, which can help improve y our_listening and_speaking 一skills.5. 他是

28、那些學(xué)生中唯一一個(gè)連續(xù)三次獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的。(the only one, win the first prize, in a row)He is the only one of the students who has won the first prize (for) three times in a row.6. 參觀西湖是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷，一次我將永遠(yuǎn)珍惜的經(jīng)歷。(visit, value for the rest of my life)wiHvaluefortherVisiting theWestLakeisanunforgettableexperience,onelestofmyjife.

29、 川.語(yǔ)法填空(2019 河北衡水中學(xué)模擬 )Have you ever had a case _1_ a mistake helped you understand an idea or a skill? For me, it was sailing. I took a sailing class when I was in high school. No matter how many times I read the _2_ (explain), I could not understand the difference between a “tack and a "jibe two methods of turning a boat one much _3_ (safe) than the other. Later, one day, when I was sailing, a heavy wind blew up. We needed to head back, 4 I mistook the “ tack ” for the " ji