外文翻譯-物流國際化發(fā)展策略研究

1、外文譯物流國際化開展策略研究譯局部英文原文Logistics Management1. The Definition of LogisticsAfter completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfe

2、r process hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition , supports from the government and logistics association should be in place.Three major functions of logistics(1) Creating time value： same g

3、oods can be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods.(2) Creating location value： same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The value added during

4、the transfer process is the location value of logistics.(3) Distribution processing value : sometimes logistics create distribution processingvalue, which changes the length thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, cutting into smaller parts is the most commonly seen distributionpro

5、cessing within logistics create added value for goods.2. Logistics is a new commercial area,developing from the traditional stage to amodern one. The main differences between these two stage include(1) Modern logistics adopts containerization techniques. The goods transfer process starts with packag

6、ing, followed by transportation, storage and distribution. The whole process is operated under logistics standards. Based on the logistics base module of 600 400mm, from the logistics module of 1, 200 X, 000mm, and enlarge to the size of 2, 591 >2, 438mm-the size of high wide<of the container.

7、 It can be adjusted to the standard sizes of containers for trains trucks and ships.(2) Information technologies are most important for modern logistics. Bar Code, POS, EDI and GPS systems dramatically improve the efficiency and accuracy of the logistics activities. Internet further assists the mark

8、et development, operation and management of the logistics industry.3.International LogisticsAn increasing number of companies are involving in international markets through exporting, licensing, joins ventures, and ownership. This trend should continue. With such expansion there is a need to develop

9、 worldwide logistics networks. Integrated logistics management and cost analysis will be more complex and difficult to manage.There are some future trends in internationalization(1) More logistics executives with international responsibilities(2) Expansion of the number and size of foreign trade zon

10、es.(3) Reduction in the amount of international paperwork and documentation(4) More foreign warehousing is owned and controlled by the exporting firm(5) Increasing number of smaller firm(6) Foreign ownership of logistics service firms , e. g., public warehousing and transportation carriers.(7) Incre

11、asing multiple distribution channelsThe international transport and the international logistics are same things in some way.So, when the international trading involved , the firm must establish international logistics systems to provide the products and service demanded. The most significant develop

12、ment in international logistics will be the increasing sophistication information system adopted and independent departments to operate.4. Packaging. Packaging performs two basic functions -marketing and logistics. In marketing the packaging acts promotion and advertising. Its size weight, color, an

13、d printed information attract customers and convey knowledge of the product. When firms are involved in international marketing, packaging becomes even more important. Products sold to foreign countries travel greater distances and undergo more handling operations. The logistics package is to protec

14、t the products during the process of logistics.Scrap disposal. The logistics process must effectively and quickly handle transport, and store waste products. If they can be reused or recycled logistics company should arrange and move them to the reproduction and re -processing locations.Return goods

15、 handling. The handling of return goods is often called reverse distribution. Buyers may return items to the seller for a number of reasons. Most logistics systems are not good enough to handle such cases. In many industries, consumers return products for warranty repair replacement or recycling, re

16、verse distribution costs may be very high. Reverse distribution will become more important as customers demand more flexible and favorable return policies.5. Third Part Logistics ( TPL)Third Part Logistics provides all the logistics services. They act as a bridge or facilitator between the first par

17、t( supplier or producer) and the second part( buyer or customer). The primary objectives of third part logistics providers are to lower the total cost of logistics for the supplier and improve the service level to the customer.Third Part Logistics have been growing rapidly. Cost reduction and demand

18、s for batter and cheaper services are the main drives behind the growth. A third part logistics provider will be in a position to consolidate business from several companies and offer frequent pick -ups and deliveries, whereas in -house transportation cannot. Other reasons are as follows* The compan

19、y does not specialize in logistics* The company does not have sufficient resources* Eager to implement better logistics operation or does not have time to develop the required capabilities in-house；The company is venturing into a new business with totally different logistics requirements；* Merger or

20、 acquisition may make outsourcing logistics operations more attractive than to integrate logistics operations.6. Global LogisticsDeveloped countries often deal with globalization in two ways： to be more cost competitive with third world countries , and to look for new partners in other countries to

21、manufacture components subassemblies and even the final products. The second approach forces most developed countries to get into a new area called global logistics II .Benefits of global operations include cheap raw materials and end products , lower labor cost, better quality, increased internal c

22、ompetition and better customer service. Some of the disadvantages are unreliable delivery, poor communication and longer time from design to finish production. Challenges are often cultural and linguistic differences, legal requirements,logistics suppliers or manufacturers,exchangerates.There are th

23、ree major flows involved in global logistics : material flow , document flow and cash flow.7. Logistics into the FutureLogistics is changing at a rapid and acceleration rate. There are two reasons are its rapid growth:Firstly , pressure to change by the development of the system itself(1) High -spee

24、d computing and data transmission can instantly transmit and react to user demand(2) More flexible and accurate logistic planning and control through computers and data processing(3) Flexible computer facilities help problem solving and increase decisions accuracy(4) Awareness of total cost measurem

25、ent and management accounting Secondly, pressures for changes from the wider economy.(1) Be flexible in handling markets of different sizes for better competition(2) There is increasing specialization in markets and growth in retailing.(3) Life cycles for products are shortening. Logistics systems n

26、eed to be more efficient, faster and more flexible(4) Move from mass production towards flexible manufacturing system( FMS). These systems enable a company to switch production quickly from one product to another(5) Competitive pressures lead to more efforts to improve customer service.8. The proces

27、s of logistical integration can be divided into four stage sStage 1. Began in the early 1960s in the USA and involved the integration of all activities associated with distribution. Separate distribution departments were to coordinate the management of all processes within physical distribution mana

28、gement( PDM).Stage 2. PDM was applied to the inbound movement of materials components, and subassemblies generally known as mateirialBagementll By the late 1970s , many firms had established logistics department II with overall responsibility for the movement, storage and handling of products upstre

29、am and downstream of the production operation.Stage 3. Logistics plays an important coordinating role, as it interfaces with most other functions. With the emergence of business process reengineering( BPR) in the early 1990s, the relationship between logistics and related functions was redefined. Sy

30、stem integration occurred. Cross functional integration should achieve greater results.中文譯文物流國際化開展策略研究1. 物流的定義在完成商業(yè)交易之后,物流將以最低本錢和最高效益的方式執(zhí)行將商品從供 應(yīng)商(賣方)流轉(zhuǎn)到顧客(買方)的過程.這就是物流的定義.在物流過程中,既需要 諸如物流設(shè)施和設(shè)備(物流運(yùn)輸工具等)的硬件,也需要對物流實(shí)施信息化治理進(jìn) 行物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化.此外,政府和物流組織的支持也不可或缺.物流的三大主要功能(1) 倉U造時(shí)間價(jià)值：同種商品因所處時(shí)間的不同而有著不同的價(jià)值.在商品流 轉(zhuǎn)過程中,往往

31、會(huì)處丁某種停滯的狀態(tài),物流的專業(yè)術(shù)語就稱之為儲(chǔ)存.儲(chǔ)存創(chuàng) 造了商品的時(shí)間價(jià)值.(2) 創(chuàng)造場所價(jià)值： 同種商品因所處位置的不同而有著不同的價(jià)值.這種因 商品流轉(zhuǎn)過程中而產(chǎn)生的附加增值稱之為物流的場所價(jià)值.(3) 同配送加工價(jià)值：有時(shí),物流活動(dòng)也能創(chuàng)造配送加工價(jià)值,這種物流加 工主要改變商品的長度、厚度和包裝形態(tài).物流中經(jīng)常提到的 為割成更小的局部II 就是配送加工中最為常見的形式.大多數(shù)物流加工都能創(chuàng)造商品的附加價(jià)值.2. 物流作為新興的商務(wù)領(lǐng)域,經(jīng)歷了從傳統(tǒng)物流向現(xiàn)代物流開展的兩個(gè)階 段.這兩個(gè)階段的不同主要表達(dá)在以下兩個(gè)方面：(1) 現(xiàn)代物流采用了集裝技術(shù).商品物流往往從包裝開始,而后經(jīng)歷

32、運(yùn)輸、儲(chǔ) 存和配送等過程.整個(gè)過程始終在物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的前提下運(yùn)行.以物流根底模數(shù)尺寸600X400MM 為根底,制定出物流模數(shù)尺寸1200X1000MM ,并將其放大至2591>2438MM,即形成集裝箱的高度與寬度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸.并能調(diào)整成適合鐵運(yùn)、汽 運(yùn)和船運(yùn)的集裝箱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格尺寸.(2) 信息技術(shù)在現(xiàn)代物流中尤其重要.條形碼、銷售時(shí)點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)、電子數(shù)據(jù)傳輸 系統(tǒng)、全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)的使用,極大地提升了物流活動(dòng)的效率和精確程度.而 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更加有助丁物流治理的市場開發(fā)、運(yùn)營和治理.國際物流3. 從某些方面講,國際運(yùn)輸?shù)韧H物流.因此,當(dāng)涉足國際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域時(shí), 企業(yè)必須建立國際物流系統(tǒng)以提供需要的產(chǎn)品

33、或效勞.國際物流的更重要的開展 在丁大力采用先進(jìn)的信息系統(tǒng)和實(shí)行獨(dú)立的部門運(yùn)作.國際化將呈現(xiàn)出以下未來趨勢：(1) 物流將更多地承擔(dān)起國際義務(wù)(2) 對外貿(mào)易區(qū)的數(shù)量和規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大(3) 國際有紙作業(yè)和單據(jù)制作的數(shù)量的減少(4) 更多的涉外倉儲(chǔ)業(yè)務(wù)由出口企業(yè)經(jīng)營和限制(5) 小企業(yè)的數(shù)量增長(6) 物流效勞企業(yè)的涉外經(jīng)營,如公營倉儲(chǔ)業(yè)務(wù)和國際運(yùn)輸商增加多配送渠道很多企業(yè)正通過出口、許可、合營或跨國經(jīng)營涉足國際市場. 這種趨勢仍將 持續(xù).隨著這種趨勢的開展,開發(fā)國際物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為必須.整合物流治理和本錢 分析將更加復(fù)雜和困難.4. 包裝.包裝執(zhí)行兩個(gè)根本的功能一營銷和物流.就市場營銷而言,包裝承擔(dān)促

34、銷 和廣告的功能.其尺寸、重量、顏色和印制的信息會(huì)對顧客產(chǎn)生吸引力并將產(chǎn)品 信息傳達(dá)給顧客.當(dāng)企業(yè)涉足國際市場營銷時(shí),包裝就顯得更為重要.出口到國 外的產(chǎn)品需要運(yùn)輸更長的距離,經(jīng)歷更多的裝卸搬運(yùn).而物流包裝在物流過程中 起到了保護(hù)產(chǎn)品的作用.廢棄物處理.物流過程中的活動(dòng)也應(yīng)當(dāng)包括高效快速地對廢棄物進(jìn)行裝卸、運(yùn)輸 和倉儲(chǔ).如假設(shè)廢棄物能夠重新利用或回收,物流企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)合理安排并將其運(yùn)送到 再生產(chǎn)或再加工地點(diǎn).5. 第三方物流退貨處理.退貨處理通常叫做反向配送.買方可能因各種原因?qū)a(chǎn)品退回 賣方.多數(shù)物流系統(tǒng)未能對此類事件作出足夠妥善的處理.在很多行業(yè),消費(fèi)者 因維修保證、更換或回收而退回產(chǎn)品,因而反向配送的本錢可能會(huì)很高.由丁顧 客對退貨政策的要求更加靈活、更加實(shí)惠,反向配送將更加重要.第三方物流提供了所有的物流活動(dòng).他們在第一方(供應(yīng)商或生產(chǎn)商)和第 二方(買方或顧客)之間扮演著橋梁或設(shè)施供應(yīng)商的角色.第三方物流提供商