虛擬語氣的用法

1、 虛擬語氣的用法 寧波光華學(xué)校 肖慧群虛擬語氣，顧名思義就是假設(shè)一種不可能發(fā)生的事情，或想象中的事情，常含有與事實(shí)不符的意思。 I. If引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣時(shí)間從句結(jié)果主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)（were/did）Would/could /should /might+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成時(shí)（had+been/done）Would/could /should /might + have+動(dòng)詞過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反Were to/should+動(dòng)詞原形Would /could /should/might+動(dòng)詞原形Eg : 1.If were a fish, I could swim in

2、the river freely.2.If I had studied harder, I would have been admitted to a better university3.If I were to be given another chance, I would study harder.類似的用法有1.由某些連詞如suppose, supposing（假設(shè)）=if , lest（惟恐，免得）,in case（以防） ,for fear that（恐怕）Eg: supposing white were black, you would be right 2由并列連詞but,

3、otherwise ,or 連接的并列句，表轉(zhuǎn)折。I am busy ,otherwise I would go 3。由某些介詞with (有), without(如果沒有) ,but for(若無) ,under(要是在)引出的介詞短語，有意味，句子用虛擬。Eg: We couldt have finished the work on time without your help. 注意：當(dāng)在虛擬條件句中，將系動(dòng)詞were或助動(dòng)詞had, should, could置于從句之首時(shí)，可省略if，Eg : If I were you, I would go there.=Were I you,

4、I would go thereIf I had come earlier, I would not have missed this scene in the film.=Had I come earlier, I would not have missed this scene in the film.在否定句中，否定詞應(yīng)放在主語之后，不可提前，也不可縮寫。If he had not seen his brother, he would not have known the news=Had he not seen his brother, he would not have known

5、the news. II.Wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬賓語從句如果與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，賓語從句用一般過去時(shí)。Eg: I wish she were with me now 如果與過去事實(shí)相反，賓語從句用過去完成時(shí)。Eg: I wish I had bought that house last year .如果與將來事實(shí)相反，賓語從句用+動(dòng)詞原形Eg:I wish I would hold a birthday party next month.類似的用法有1。由would rather(寧愿), would sooner(寧愿) ,if only(要是。該多好啊)引導(dǎo)的賓語從語Eg: 1.I would r

6、ather you were here now2. If only I knew that!2。由as if , as thought引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句談?wù)摬豢赡芑虿徽鎸?shí)的情形時(shí)，使用虛擬語氣。Eg: 1.she loved the little child as if she were his mother.2.After that, he acted as if nothing had happened.3.They look worried, as if something would happen .注意：當(dāng)談?wù)摽赡芑蛘鎸?shí)的事或情形時(shí)不用虛擬語氣。Eg: It looks as if

7、Im going to be busy.=Im probably going to be busy.III.由某些表主張，建議，要求，命令等詞引出的名類名詞性從句，一律用動(dòng)詞原形或should+動(dòng)詞原形，動(dòng)詞名詞動(dòng)詞過分或形容詞Insist（堅(jiān)持）insistanceInsistedSuggest（建議）suggestionSuggestedAdvise（建議）adviceadvisedPropose（建議）proposalProposedOrder（命令）orderOrderedRequire（要求）requirementrequiredDemand（要求）demanddemandedRec

8、ommend（推薦）recommendationrecommendedrequest（要求）requestrequestedEg :1. he suggests that she should do it again(賓語從句)2.His suggestion was that she should do it again(表語從句)3.It is suggested that she should do it again(主語從語)4.What do you think of his suggestion that she should do it again?(同位語從句) 類似的用法：1

9、。某些表示必須，必要，重要，適當(dāng)?shù)刃稳菰~如necessary ,imperative, important, essential , vital ,proper 作表語，后接的主語從句同樣用虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞原形Eg: It is necessary that he (should )be here tomorrow2。某些表驚奇，失望，婉惜等感情的詞sorry, surprised, disappointed, strange ,a pity, a shame ,no wonder作表語時(shí)有竟然的意味，后接的兩種從句（主語從句或狀語從句），從句同樣用虛擬語氣，即should

10、+動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞原形.Eg: Im sorry that she should fail in the exam.Its strange that she should fail in the exam. 注意：當(dāng)insist表堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)用虛擬語氣，而當(dāng)表堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，表一種客觀事實(shí)時(shí)用陳述語氣。Eg:I insist that a doctor should be sent for immediatelyI insisted that I hadnt broken the glass.當(dāng)suggest表建議用虛擬語氣，當(dāng)表暗示時(shí)用陳述語氣I suggest that we sho

11、uld set off at once.His pale face suggested that he was ill.IV.由it is/was about/high time that 引導(dǎo)的從句須用一般過去時(shí)或 should+動(dòng)詞原形。Eg: it is high time that we got up /should get up now.V.有的條件句，主、從句動(dòng)作時(shí)間不一致，叫錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句Eg : If we hadnt got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow. 如果現(xiàn)在一

12、切都沒準(zhǔn)備好，明天情況就糟了。據(jù)此，要根據(jù)句子意思來調(diào)整主句的謂語動(dòng)詞. Exercises: 虛擬語氣專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題一選出最佳答案。(1). If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster. A. be B. was C. were D. am(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak with French accents. A. don't B. will not C. mustn't D. wouldn&#

13、39;t(3). If Jane tomorrow, what would you do? A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come(4）- "Where have you been?" - "I got caught in traffic; otherwise _ sooner."A. I would be here         B. I have been here C

14、. I had been here    D. I would have been here (5). “She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?”“You mean to say , you would have helped her ?”A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask youC. if she had asked you C. were she to ask you(6). They took the injured straight to the ho

15、spital. Otherwise some of them . A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7). If they had known him, to him? A. would they have talked B. would they talk   C. had they talked D. they would talk(8). I would have gone to the concert, if I time. A. had had B. have had C. had

16、D. would have had(9) What _you do if you won the lottery? A. will B. would C. shall D. should(10). “Why didn't you help him?”“I would have I didn't have the money.” A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or(11). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong .”A. goes B. woul

17、d go C. go D. went(12). Her pale face suggested that she_ ill.A. should be B. be C. were D .was(13). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we television on week  nights.A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watching D. have not watch (14). I can't speak Japanese, but I do

18、 wish I . A. can B. could C. had D. speak (15). “Are you enjoying your stay here?“Yes, very much. I wish I have to leave so soon.”A. won't B. don't C. mustn't D. didn't (16). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”“I don't know, but it's about time on somethi

19、ng.” A. I'm deciding B. I'll decide C. I decide D. I'd decided (17). I'd rather you anything about it for the time being.A. say B. didn't say C. don't say D. not say (18). “Why do you have to be there at six?” “The teacher demands that everyone in his seat at six.”

20、A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be (19). Henry talks to his dog as if it him. A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would understand(20). Jeff looked as if he a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see(21).When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. brea

21、ks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken(22). There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting postponed for a week. A. had been B. would be C. was D. should be(23). The teacher insisted that we all back by two o'clock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be（24）.The girl insiste

22、d that she _ the glass.A. should break B. broke C. have broken D. hadnt broken(25). I didn't go to the football match, but I do wish I there. A. went B. was C. were D. had been(26).We _ the work on time without your help.A. hadn't had finished    B. didn't have finishedC. couldn't have finished