虛擬語氣小結(A)

1、 虛擬語氣小結（A）一、 詳細解析。1、 虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話與事實不符或實現(xiàn)的可能性很小，表示一種主觀愿望、假設、猜測等。2、 從句和主句形式句式 條件從句 主句 （時間）與現(xiàn)在事實相反 主語+過去式（be 用were） 主+wouldshouldcouldmight+v原與過去事實相反 主語+had+done 主+wouldshouldcouldmight+v原與將來事實相反 主語+過去式/were+to do/ Should+V原例如:與現(xiàn)在事實相反：if I had the time，I would go to the coffee with you。（in fact，I hav

2、e no time）與過去事實相反：if he had caught the first bus this morning，he wouldnt have been late for the class.與將來事實相反：if he came in an hour,I would(should)go to see you with him .If he were to come this Sunday,I might be free to discuss it with him.Ø 注意：were to do 比should do 表示的條件實現(xiàn)的可能性更小。If the sun_ri

3、se in the west,my love for you would be unchanged. （ c ）A should B were C were to D shall注意：在同一個句子中，要表示條件句中的一致性：主句和從句不能一部分表示真實條件，另一部分表示非真實條件。如：If I know the truth,I willshall tell you.如果我知道真相，我就告訴你了。(表示真實條件，主從句內用陳述語氣)If I knew the truth,I wouldshould tell you.我要是知道真相就告訴你了。(表示非真實條件，從主句均用虛擬語氣)3、 其他條件的

4、條件句。1） 錯綜時間條件句，條件從句和主句時態(tài)不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)具體時間做相應調整 。過去現(xiàn)在 if you had not stayed up late last night,you shouldnt be so sleepy now.現(xiàn)在將來 if you didnt make up your mindat the moment,you might regret in tne future.現(xiàn)在過去 if I give a party this evening,I should have let you know a wek ago.過去將來 if he had started

5、writing last month,he would finish it at the end of this morning .2)省略if 的條件句，如果條件從句的謂語動詞含有系動詞were，助動詞had或should ，可將if 省略，；而把were ，had或should移到主語前，構成倒裝結構。如：Had the workers detected signs of a forthcoming action of the gas well in time ,fewer people would lost their lives .Should he be free tomorrow,

6、he would go to the Summer Palace with us.Were you to fly to Guangzhou next Sunday ,I should by an air ticket for you .3)含蓄條件句有時候用介詞短語或有關副詞和連詞代替虛擬語氣的條件句，有時通過上下句或其他方式來表示。如：We could not succed without their help .=we couldnt succeed if it werent for their help.Give him an inch ,he would want a foot.=if

7、 you give him an inch ,he would want a foot.4)有時用suppose，supposing（that），on condition that，unless等 引起虛擬條件句。如：Supposesupposing you couldnt type on the computers,what would you do?All my property(財產)would be yours on condition that you married me.“惟恐，以免，以防萬一”。謂語動詞用“（should+）V原He always speeks loudly l

8、est (should)be misunderstood.The game would be postpond in case it snows.6)虛擬條件句得主句可以是疑問句，感嘆句或祈使句。If he should fail again,what should I do ?If you knew the reason,how simple it would appear !If TOM should fail this time ,tell him to try again .+虛擬語氣小結 B +（某些從句的虛擬語氣）1、 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法1） 用在if only 引導的從句

9、中，if only 意為“如果只要是就好了”。相當于“it would be (have been) good if”if only引導的句子中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，其形式與wish后的賓語從句中的謂語動詞形式相同。如：If only I were you.If only we hadnt wasted the time.If only we would be able to attened the conference. 2)用在表示“要求，建議，命令，決定”等意義的詞后面的賓語從句中，這類動詞后的賓語從句中，用“（should ）+V原”主要有ask,demand,desire,requir

10、e,insist（堅持）,request（要求）等。Suggest,propose,advise,recommend,urge,move等。Order,command等.decide,determine等。Arrange等。如： The examination instructions ask that the students (should)not use a pencil.He suggested that a meeting (should)be held to discuss the issue.He insisted that his daughter(should)apply f

11、or a job in the university.注意：A、當suggest 做“暗示，說明”講時，賓語從句中的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。例如：Her pale face suggested that she id ill.B、當inist做“堅持認為，堅持說”時，賓語從句中的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。例如：She insisted that she had done nothing wrong and should be set free.2虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法 虛擬語氣在主語從句中用時，通常以it為形式主語。謂語動詞常用should do 形式。Should 常省略。主要用于以下結：its

12、necessary(important,desirable,strange,natural,proper等adj.)that；its suggested(requested,required,ordered,proposed等)that如：Its necessary that every (should) attend the meeting .在“its a pitty (a shame,strange,no wonder,incredible)that”結構后的主語中，謂語動詞表達過去的動作，要用should do 的形式，這時should 表示出人意料，常譯成“竟然”如：Its a pi

13、tty that he should be so careless.Its strange that he should pass the exam this time.3、虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從句中的用法。這兩種從句中的虛擬語氣，通常用在表示“要求、建議、命令、決定”等的動詞的相應的名詞形式之后，如：suggestion，proposal,order,request,advice,decision 和plan ,idea ,desire等，從句的謂語動詞形式多用（should）do的形式。如：Our suggestion is that we (should) go at once.

14、（表從）Its my desire that the whole familly (should )go home to our parents once a week. (同位) 4、 虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用用法。1） 在as if though引導的方式狀語從句中，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣。如：He speaks English as if he were an English .He spoke as thoughif he had been there before.注意：如果說話人講的事與事實相符，as if后用陳述語氣。It looks as if its going to rain .2)由so that,in order that 引導的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞常用“may ,might(can ,could)+動詞原形”如：we should speak more so that (In order that )we can improve our english quickly.5、虛擬語氣在“its （highabout）time that”后的定語從句中，從句的謂語動詞常用過去式，有時可用“should+動詞原形