(完整版)新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫第三版第二冊(cè)第二單元原文及翻譯人文學(xué)科：過時(shí)了嗎？

1、The humanities: Out of date?人文學(xué)科：過時(shí)了嗎？Whenthe going gets tough, the tough take accounting. Whenthe job market worsens, many students calculate they can't major in English or history. They have to study something that boosts their prospects of landing a job.當(dāng)形勢(shì)變得困難時(shí)， 強(qiáng)者會(huì)去選學(xué)會(huì)計(jì)。 當(dāng)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)惡化時(shí)， 許多學(xué)生估算著他們

2、不能再主修英語或歷史。他們得學(xué)一些能改善他們就業(yè)前景的東西。The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the ever-rising cost of tuition, they have defected from the study of thehumanities and toward applied science and "hard" skills that they bet will lead to employment. In other words, a college educat

3、ion is more and more seen as a means for economic betterment rather than a means for human betterment. This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate.數(shù)據(jù)顯示，隨著學(xué)生肩負(fù)的學(xué)費(fèi)不斷增加， 他們已從學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科轉(zhuǎn)向他們相信有益于將來就業(yè)的應(yīng)用科學(xué)和“硬”技能。 換言之，大學(xué)教育越來越被看成是改善經(jīng)濟(jì)而不是提升人類自身的手段。這種趨勢(shì)可能會(huì)持續(xù)，甚至有加快之勢(shì)。Over the next few years, as l

4、abor markets struggle, the humanities willprobably continue their long slide in succession. There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of liberal arts majors over the past generation, and it is logical to think that the trend is boundto continue or even accelerate. Once the do

5、minant pillars of university life, the humanities now play little roles when students take their college tours. These days, labs are more vivid and compelling than libraries.在未來幾年內(nèi)， 由于勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的不景氣， 人文學(xué)科可能會(huì)繼續(xù)其長(zhǎng)期低迷的態(tài)勢(shì)。在上一代 大學(xué)生中，主修文科的學(xué)生數(shù)跌幅已近 50%。這種趨勢(shì)會(huì)持續(xù)、甚至加速的想法是合情合理的。 人文學(xué)科曾是大學(xué)生活的重要支柱， 而今在學(xué)生們參觀校園的時(shí)候， 卻只是一個(gè)

6、小點(diǎn)綴。 現(xiàn)在，實(shí)驗(yàn)室要 比圖書館更栩栩如生、受人青睞。Here, please allow me to stand up for and promote the true value that the humanities add to people's lives.在這兒，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我為人文學(xué)科給人們的生活所增添的真實(shí)價(jià)值進(jìn)行支持和宣傳。Since ancient times, people have speculated about the mystery of those inner forces that drive some people to greatness and ot

7、hers to self-destruction. This inner drive has been called many things over thecenturies. The famous psychologist, Sigmund Freud, called it the "unconscious mind" or, more familiarly, "instinct".自古以來，人們一直在思索人類自身具有什么神奇的內(nèi)力使一些人變得崇高偉大，而使另一些人走向自我毀滅。 幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來， 這股內(nèi)力被稱作很多東西。 著名的心理學(xué)家西格蒙德

8、83;弗洛伊德稱之為“潛意識(shí)”，或更為人熟知的“本能”。From the beginning of time, this inner aspect of our being, this drive that can be constructive or destructive, has captured our imagination. The stories of this amazing struggle have formed the basis of culturesthe world over. Historians, architects, authors, philosopher

9、s and artists have captured the words, images and meanings of this inner struggle inthe form of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions. These men and women developed artistic "languages" that help us understand these aspirations and also educate gen

10、erations. This fertile body of work from ancient times, the very foundation of civilization, forms the basis of study of the humanities.從一開始，人類這股可以是建設(shè)性也可以是毀滅性的內(nèi)在驅(qū)動(dòng)力，就令我們心馳神往。這些驚人的、充滿內(nèi)心掙扎的故事形成了世界文化的基礎(chǔ)。歷史學(xué)家、建筑師、作家、哲學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家們以故事、音樂、神話、繪畫、建筑、雕刻、風(fēng)景畫和傳統(tǒng)的形式，捕捉到了這些撞擊心靈的文字、形象及內(nèi)涵。這些男男女女創(chuàng)造出了具有藝術(shù)性的“語言”，幫助我們了解人類的這

11、些強(qiáng)烈愿望，并用以教育一代又一代人。從古時(shí)起開始的這些充滿想象的大量作品，正是文明的底蘊(yùn)，它奠定了人文研究的基礎(chǔ)。Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write. No matter what we do in life, we will have a huge advantage if we can read complexideas and understand their meaning. We will have a bright career if we are the person in the offi

12、ce who can write a clear and elegant analysis of those ideas!學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科會(huì)提高我們的閱讀和寫作能力。無論我們這一生中從事什么職業(yè)，如果我們能讀懂復(fù)雜的思想并理解它們的內(nèi)涵， 我們都會(huì)受益匪淺。 如果我們是在辦公室里能對(duì)這些思想寫出既明確又簡(jiǎn)潔的分析的人， 我們會(huì)有光明的職業(yè)前景。With every succeeding page he copied and read aloud, Malcolm X found he was learning and remembering more and more words. With ea

13、ch successive day, his confusion diminished.隨著不斷抄寫和朗讀， 馬爾科姆·艾克斯發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在學(xué)到東西， 也記住了越來越多的單詞，他的困惑也逐日減少。As Malcolm X's word base broadened, he began to betterunderstand the bookshe read.Itwas the firsttime in his lifethishad ever happened, "Anyonewho has read a great deal can imagine the new w

14、orld that opened." Fromthen untilhe leftthatprison,his concentrationwas focused on reading.He was so absorbed in it. Months passed without his even thinking about being in prison. "In fact, up to then, I never had been so truly free inmy life."隨著馬爾科姆·艾克斯的詞匯量不斷擴(kuò)大，他開始能更好地理解所閱讀的書了。這

15、種現(xiàn)象在他的一生中從未發(fā)生過?！叭魏我粋€(gè)閱讀廣泛的人都能想象那個(gè)開啟了的新世界。 ”從那時(shí)起到他離開那個(gè)監(jiān)獄，他一直專注于閱讀， 被它深深吸引。數(shù)月過去了，他竟然沒感到自己在坐牢。“事實(shí)上，在這之前，我從沒如此真正地感受過生活的自由?！?quot;I knew right there in prison that reading had changed forever the course of my life," Malcolm X wrote. He described how one day a writer telephonedhim from London for an i

16、nterview. The interviewer asked Malcolm X what college he had graduated from as he could write so fluently. He told the Englishman that his own personal university was "books".“就是在監(jiān)獄里我意識(shí)到閱讀永遠(yuǎn)地改變了我的人生軌跡， ”馬爾科姆·艾克斯寫道。他描述了有一天一位作家從倫敦打電話來采訪他。那位作家問馬爾科姆·艾克斯， 他文筆那么流暢， 是從什么大學(xué)畢業(yè)的。 馬爾科姆告訴那位

17、英國(guó)人他的大學(xué)是“書本”。Malcolm X's lifeis a wonderfulexample of the profound effectof learninga language.He was born intoa world fullof povertyand ignorance.However,as he acquired knowledge, his horizons expanded. He had left behind thenarrow, ignorantworld of his youth to jointhe world community of thoug

18、htsand actions ever since he started with his great journey of learning English in prison.馬爾科姆·艾克斯的一生成功地創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)通過語言學(xué)習(xí)而深刻改變?nèi)松墓廨x典范。他出生于貧窮、無知的世界?？墒?，知識(shí)開闊了他的眼界。從他在監(jiān)獄里踏上偉大的英語學(xué)習(xí)之旅起， 他就離開了青年時(shí)代狹窄、 無知的世界， 加入到有思想、有作為的世界之中。If we study only mathematics, it's likely we will be a candidate only for jobs as

19、 a mathematician. If we include studying the humanities, we canmake breakthroughs on many barriers and are limited only by our effort and imagination.如果我們僅學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)， 我們很可能只能申請(qǐng)數(shù)學(xué)家之類的工作。 如果我們還學(xué)了人文學(xué)科，那我們就能突破許多障礙，只要我們?cè)敢飧冻雠?，敢于想象。Of course, nowadays, if we study the humanities alone, we are liable to miss man

20、y opportunities. Each one of us needs to become as technically and professionally skilled as possible to help meet the needs of modern life. In fact, increasingly a pairing of technical knowledge and inner insight is seen as the ideal in the establishment of a career. If I werethe Dean of Admissions

21、 at a medical school and two people applied to our school, both having the required basic scientific courses, one a philosophy major and the other solely a pre-med student, the philosophy applicant would be chosen.當(dāng)然，在當(dāng)下，如果我們單學(xué)人文學(xué)科，可能會(huì)失去很多機(jī)會(huì)。我們每個(gè)人都需要盡可能變得技能化、職業(yè)化，以滿足現(xiàn)代生活的需要。事實(shí)上，技術(shù)知識(shí)和內(nèi)在洞察力的結(jié)合越來越被看成是建立職業(yè)生涯的理想搭配。如果我是某個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)院的招生部主任，有兩個(gè)人同時(shí)申請(qǐng)我們學(xué)校，這兩個(gè)人都學(xué)過基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)課程，一個(gè)主修哲學(xué)， 另一個(gè)僅是醫(yī)學(xué)院的預(yù)科生，我會(huì)