翻譯的基本技巧--轉(zhuǎn)變詞性

1、.翻譯的基本技巧轉(zhuǎn)性Conversion （轉(zhuǎn)換詞性）In translation a word of a certain type in the SL text is not necessarily to be turned into a word of the same type in the TL text. A part of speech of a word often has to be converted into anotherdifferent part of speech of the word so as to conform to the idiomatic usage

2、 of the TL due to differences in syntactic structures and idiomatic expressions of the two languages.（一）轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞1、名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞Nouns derived from verbs.1) An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.熟悉一些世界史有助于學(xué)習(xí)時事。2) His very appearance of any affair proclaims it a triumph.在任何

3、場合，只要他一露面 , 就算是成功了。Nouns implying an action.1) On the walk through the city they saw breadlines.在走過市區(qū)的時候，他們看見領(lǐng)救濟(jì)食物的人們排著長隊。2) At the thought of the mishap his legs stiffened under him and could not more step further.一想到這場災(zāi)難，兩腿就像千斤重，再也挪不動一步了。V+er=n1) He is no smoker, but his father is a chain smoker.他

4、倒是不抽煙，但他爸爸卻一支接一支不停地抽。2) She is a lover of Chinese painting.她酷愛中國油畫。3) There were various possible players for the role.可能扮演這個角色的有好幾個人。Nouns in some idiomatic expressions should be converted into Chinese verbs1) He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.他在講演中曾提到過此事。2) He showed with his

5、 eyes that he heard, but made no sign of assent or dissent.他瞧了他一下，表示他聽見了。但沒表示同意或不同意。3) The Party branch secretary showed great concern for the students health.黨支書很關(guān)心學(xué)生的健康。4) She had high praise for Dr. Higpan, although she complained about his strictness.她高度贊揚(yáng)了西格潘醫(yī)生，但抱怨他過于嚴(yán)格。5) I had another good lo

6、ok at the boring machine, and found a loose screw in need of adjustment.我又仔細(xì)地檢查了這惱人的機(jī)器，發(fā)現(xiàn)一顆松動的螺栓需要調(diào)整。.Nouns in the cognate object into verbs.1) He smiled a happy smile.他愉快地微笑了一下。2) Let him sleep a peaceful sleep.讓他安安靜靜地睡一覺吧。3) They fought a beautiful fight .他們打了一個漂亮仗。4) He sighed a long sigh.他長長地嘆了一

7、口氣。2、介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞1) Up the street they walked, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a high building.他們沿著大街走去，經(jīng)過許多商店，穿過一個大廣場，然后進(jìn)入了一座大廈。2) We drove home a bit after midnight, over the river and through the lively old sleeping town.時過午夜，我驅(qū)車回家，先過了河，又穿過了這在座酣睡中的古老而可愛的城市。3) The judge sat in the

8、dinning-room amid his morning mail.法官坐在餐廳里處理一大堆早班郵件。4) I found him at his book when I came into the room.我走進(jìn)房間，見他正在看書。3、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞1) We are quite sure that the socialist system will replace the capitalist system in the end.我們堅信社會主義制度終將取代資本主義制度。2) They were not content with their present achievements.他

9、們不滿足于他們目前所取得的成就。3) They were suspicious and resentful of him.他們懷疑他，討厭他。4) If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics.要是我們不知道原子的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們就不可能去研究核物理。4、副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞1) The successful fishermen of that day were already in.那天交上好運(yùn)的漁民們都已回家。2) When he went

10、 back, the radio was still on, for he had forgotten to turn it off when he left.他回來時，收音機(jī)還在響，因為他離開的時候忘記將它關(guān)掉了。3) "Please let me in! They are searching for me." he begged.“請讓我進(jìn)去！他們正在追捕我?！彼麘┣蟮?。動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞Verbs derived from nouns or used from nouns.1) The landing was designed to cut the peninsula i

11、n two.登陸的目的是要把該半島一切為二。2) The navy is now positioned to safeguard both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.海軍現(xiàn)已擺下了陣勢，防衛(wèi)太平洋和大西洋。3) On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall of China.他們那天和陪同人員一起去參觀中國長城。4) A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.一位衣冠楚楚的男人，外表和談吐都像美

12、國人，進(jìn)了汽車。(2) 有些英語被動式句子中的動詞，可以譯成“受（遭）到+名詞”、“予（加）以+名詞”這類結(jié)構(gòu)。1) Lenin was beloved of the people.列寧受到人民的愛戴。2) And he warned that the improvement in bilateral relations might be "jeopardized" by a continuation of the war.他警告說，如果戰(zhàn)爭繼續(xù)下去，雙邊的關(guān)系有可能受到危害。3) His image as a good student was badly tarnishe

13、d.他作為好學(xué)生的形象已遭到很大的玷污。4) He was snuffed by the top-ranking officials there.他受到那邊高級官員們的冷遇。5) He was received with honor by the government of the host country.他受到東道國政府的禮遇。（3）形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞1) They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.他們打算建一所盲聾學(xué)校。2) The unlearned always pretend erudition.不學(xué)無術(shù)的

14、人總是假裝學(xué)識淵博。3) In the history of literature there can be found some immortal masterpieces which are the swan songs of the dying.在文學(xué)史上可以看到有些不朽的名著是臨死者的絕筆。名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞Nouns derived from adj.1) I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries.我認(rèn)識到通過中間人跟他們打交道是愚蠢的。2) He was still more surp

15、rised at the singularity of the stranger's appearance.他看到那個陌生人的外表非常古怪越發(fā)驚奇了。3) We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.我們覺得很難解決這個復(fù)雜的問題。4) She promptly shepherded them out of the crowded living room and into the privacy of the library.她迅速把他們領(lǐng)出擁擠的客廳，帶到了沒人注意的圖書館。"a (an) + N"

16、; used as predicative .1) The garden-party is a great success.園藝會真是圓滿極了。.3) They say my story is a yawn.人們都說，我的故事乏味得很。4) It's a nuisance that he always puffs at his pipe in the reading room.他在閱覽室里經(jīng)常抽煙，吞云吐霧，真是討厭。5) It is a great honor for me to be charged with such an arduous task.我承擔(dān)這項艱巨的任務(wù)，感到很榮

17、幸。其他詞類的轉(zhuǎn)譯adj. converted into adv:1) We place the highest value on our friendly relations with developing countries.我們最高度珍視同發(fā)展中國家的關(guān)系。2) "Yes", he said with a slow nod or two.他慢條斯理地點(diǎn)了一兩下頭說：“是”。adv. converted into adj.1) The sun rose thinly from the sea.淡淡的太陽從海面上生起。2) He was deeply impressed

18、by what they did in the critical moment.他們在關(guān)鍵時刻的行為給他留下了深刻的印象。3) "I suppose boys think differently from girls," he said.“恐怕男孩子的想法與女孩子的想法是不一樣的。” 他說。4) The magnificent building beyond is the St. Paul church of classic beauty.那邊的一座宏偉建筑物是古色古香的圣保羅教堂。nouns converted adv. and vice versa1. n. converted into adv.1）He had the kindness to show me the way.他好意地給我指路。2) I had the fortune to meet him.我幸運(yùn)地遇到了他。2. a