大學(xué)英語跨文化交際chapter9 Intercultural Adaptationppt課件

1、Chapter 9 Intercultural Adaptation Questions for chapter 8w What is communication context?w How effective intercultural communication is crucial for cross-cultural health care context?w How do you think your current educational setting embodies Chinese cultural values?Intercultural AdaptationAccultu

2、rationCulture shockIntercultural AdaptationDefinitionStagesU-Curve Pattern W-Curve Pattern Strategies for: Definition Modes FactorsSymptomsFormsEffectsAvoiding Culture shockEngaging in Intercultural AdaptationAcculturation文化適應(yīng)refers to an individuals learning and adapting the norms and values of the

3、 new host culture. The definition of acculturation 2. Modes of acculturation a.Assimilation同化b.Integration交融c.Separationandsegregation分離和隔離d.Marginalization邊緣化is a process in which members of an ethnic group are absorbed into the dominant culture, losing their own culture in the process. is a proces

4、s of desiring a high level of interaction with the host culture while maintaining identity with their native culture. occurs when the individual chooses not to identify with neither his or her native culture or with the host culture. is when individuals prefer low levels of interaction with the host

5、 culture while desiring a close connection with their native culture. If such separation is initiated and enforced by the dominant society, this is called segregation. Chapter 2 Cultural DynamicsAmish people阿米什人w 阿米什人Amish是美國(guó)和加拿大安大略省的一群基督新教再洗禮派門諾會(huì)信徒又稱亞米胥派），以拒絕汽車及電力等現(xiàn)代設(shè)施，過著簡(jiǎn)樸的生活而聞w 不使用汽車，而使用馬車w 不適用電力

6、w 崇尚簡(jiǎn)樸生活，無欲求，不浪費(fèi)w 男人單身時(shí)剃須，婚后蓄須w 不讓子女接受初中以上的教育w 不避孕w 不買任何保險(xiǎn)，包括醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)w 男性大多是無領(lǐng)襯衫、吊帶褲，女性則穿著沒有扣子、用別針之類來固定的藍(lán)色或者黑色長(zhǎng)袍，頭上一般還要帶白色的便帽 Segregation in the U.S.A Home New Separation Assimilation MarginalizationSegregation Integration Factors Affecting AcculturationCommunicationHost EnvironmentPredispositionPersona

7、l CommunicationSocial CommunicationHost ReceptivityHost Conformity PressureEthnic Group StrengthPreparednessEthnicityPersonality3.FactorsAffectingAcculturation Culture shock refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture.Text B: Culture Shock1.

8、Symptoms of culture shock wphysical symptoms wb. psychological symptoms Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamicsa.physicalsymptomswPhysical symptoms are over-concern about cleanliness of food, bedding, and dishes;wextreme stress on health and safety; wfear or physical contact with anyone in the new country; wgre

9、at concern over minor pains and skin eruptions; wcraving “home cooking”; wuse of alcohol and drugs; wand a decline in work quality. Chapter 2 Cultural DynamicsHome cooking Alcohol Drug b.psychological symptoms Psychological symptoms are insomnia, fatigue, isolation and loneliness, disorientation, fr

10、ustration, criticism of new country, depression, nervousness, self-doubt, irritability, anger, and emotional and intellectual withdrawal. Insomnia Fatigue Disorientation Depression Nervousness 2. Forms of culture shock w Languageshockw Roleshockw Transitionshockw CulturalFatiguew EducationShockw Adj

11、ustmentStressw CultureDistancea. Language Shock Languageshockoccurswhenweareunfamiliarwiththehostlanguage.Manysocio-relationalcueslieinthedomainofhumanlanguage.Ifwedonotunderstandthelanguage,welosetheabilitytoadjustourselvestothenewsymbolicenvironment.b.RoleShockRoleshockreferstothefeelingoflossofpe

12、rsonalstatusinanambiguousnewenvironmentinwhichwemakeeffortstoswitchourroleinordertofitandfunctionwellinthehostculture.c.TransitionshockTransitionshockisusedtodescribethedistressweexperiencewhentryingtocopewiththemultitudeofchangesrequiredbythehostculture.Itissimilartothestateoflosingaclosefamilymemb

13、er,divorce,orgeographicrelocation.d. Culture fatigueCulture fatigue is used to describe the physical and psychological discomforts experienced by sojourners trying to adapt to a new culture. e. Education shock Education shock is frequently used to describe what happens to international students who

14、try to adapt themselves to academic life, especially when the learning situation is new and distressing. f. Adjustment stress Adjustment stress is a term used to indicate bodily physical tension that signals a persons readiness to face the challenges of the new cultural environment. g. Culture dista

15、nce Culture distance refers to the distance between a sojourners culture and the host culture and signals the degree of alienation, estrangement, and psychological distress the sojourner feels as a result. 3. Effects of culture shock Positive effectsNegative effects CultureShockDefinitionofintercult

16、uraladaptationStagesofinterculturaladaptationText C: Intercultural AdaptationInterculturaladaptationrefersbroadlytotheprocessofincreasingourleveloffitnesstomeetthedemandsofanewculturalenvironment. 1. Definition 2. Stages of Intercultural Adaptation U-curve PatternHoneymoon Period Crisis PeriodAdjust

17、ment PeriodBiculturalism PeriodW-curve Pattern reverse culture shock Activity: Quiz Imagine that you are going to a large urban American university for graduate study. To evaluate your adaptation potential, rate yourself on the adaptation checklist. Give yourself a score for each item according to t

18、he following scale: 1. Poor 2. Not as good as most people 3. Average 4. Better than most people 5. ExcellentAdaptation Checklist Total score Background and Preparation Age youth is an advantage Education the higher the better Urban background city dwellers do better than rural residents High level o

19、f professional skill General knowledge of the new culture, its history, custom arts, etc. Specific knowledge of the new situation; city, university, etc. Oral and written fluency in the language of new culture Previous out-of-culture experiences Similarity of home culture to new culturePersonality f

20、actors Tends to be accepting of different ways of doing things Likes to meet new people and do new things Stays calm in difficult situations Pays attention to people and not just to tasks Can tolerate ambiguous or uncertain situations Has a sense of humor Strong but flexible in character Willing to take risks; not too concerned about social and psychological securityAttitudes and motivation Voluntarily choos