虛擬語氣講解ppt課件

1、GrammarGrammarthe Subjunctive Moodthe Subjunctive Mood虛虛 擬擬 語語 氣氣英語動詞有三種語氣: 陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣陳述語氣：用來表示所說的話是事實或提出疑問，廣泛用語陳述句，疑問句和感嘆句。祈使語氣：表示所說的話是請求，命令，指示或勸告等。虛擬語氣：表示說話人的所虛擬語氣：表示說話人的所說的話不是事實，說的話不是事實，一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等( (在條件從句中或讓步狀語在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中從句中) )；一種表示說話人的愿望、要一種表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等求、命令、建議等 ( (在賓語在賓語

2、從句、表語從句、同位語從從句、表語從句、同位語從句句) )。Eg : We met in this room . 陳述語氣陳述語氣 Do come to the meeting next Friday . 祈使語氣祈使語氣If I were you , I would study hard . 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣一：虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法.條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。真實條件句所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的真實條件句所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的,是與是與事實相符的。事實相符的。非真實條件句所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能非真實條件句所表的假設(shè)則

3、是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的， 與事實相反的情況。與事實相反的情況。If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma. If I were a bird, I would fly to America. 動詞形式動詞形式時間時間從句從句主句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反過去式過去式(did)(be常用常用 were)would should + 動詞原形動詞原形 (do)could might 與過去事實相反與過去事實相反過去完成式過去完成式(had + done)would should have+過去分詞過去分詞

4、could might與將來事實與將來事實可能相反可能相反過去式過去式 (did)/(were)should + do were to dowould should +動詞原形動詞原形 (do)could might(have done)I would buy an expensive car. I would buy a villa. I would travel around the world.If I won the lottery,現(xiàn)在事實相反現(xiàn)在事實相反If I _time last night, I _ to see the film with you .had hadwould

5、 have gone過去事實相反過去事實相反If he_ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had Mark: 100 I _ a party for you . should get If you_gotWere to get a full mark next time,將來時相反將來時相反would hold If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt

6、 have made a mistake.If it rained tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.假如我是你的話，我會馬上走。假如我是你的話，我會馬

7、上走。與現(xiàn)在事實相反If I were you, I would go at once. 與過去事實相反與將來事實可能相反PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. a. If they _ (be) here,they a. If they _ (be) here,they _ (take) your advice._ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (break) b. If the world-war _ (break) out again,what _

8、(happen) out again,what _ (happen) to our people on earth?to our people on earth?c. If the policeman _ (be not) c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous.very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position,I d. If I _ (be) in your position,I _(a

9、sk) for teachers help._(ask) for teachers help.werewould takebrokewould happenwere notcould bewerewould askPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks e. If Tom _ (be) more careful in theexam, he _ _ (pass) it already. f. If you (get) up earlier,you _ _ (catch) the first train. g. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we

10、 _ _ (go) to the concert together.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughthad metwould have gonePRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanksIf there (be) no natural resource any more,we _ (make) use of nuclear power .b. What _ (happen) if you_(get up) too late tomorrow?should bewould makewould happen sho

11、uld get up2 由介詞或介詞短語暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞或介詞短語暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)常見的介詞或介詞短語有常見的介詞或介詞短語有without(沒有沒有) , but for(要不是要不是) Eg : Without electricity , human life would be quite difficult today .= If there were no electricity , Without his advice ,I couldnt have done it all by myself . = If it hadnt been for his advice , But fo

12、r your help , I wouldnt have succeeded in doing this experiment . = If it hadnt been for your help ,But for the meeting ,I would have gone to your party last Saturday . = If it hadnt been for the meeting ,二、虛擬語氣用于賓語從句中二、虛擬語氣用于賓語從句中 Wish 的賓的賓語從語從句句如今：如今：過去：過去：未來：未來：過去時過去時were）過去完成時過去完成時would/could/mi

13、ght+V. I wish I were a bird I wish I hadnt made such a mistake We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. 用于賓語從句用于賓語從句I wish從句結(jié)構(gòu)從句結(jié)構(gòu)Example與現(xiàn)在事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反一般過去式一般過去式I wish it were autumn now.與過去事實相反與過去事實相反過去完成式過去完成式He wishes(wished) he had not lost the chance.與將來事實相反與將來事實相反would+V.原形原形I wish you would com

14、e soon.I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I became as famous as Yao Ming.I wish I were a bird.I wish I could fly like a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.He wish he hadnteaten so much watermelon.I wish the lunch time would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.3. 從句的虛擬語氣。從句的虛擬語氣。主要是表示命令、要求、建

15、議的虛擬語氣。主要是表示命令、要求、建議的虛擬語氣。 賓語從句。常見動詞：賓語從句。常見動詞： 一個堅持：一個堅持：insist 兩個命令：兩個命令：order, command 三個建議：三個建議：advise, suggest, propose 五個要求：五個要求：demand , require, request, desire,ask 這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞 使用should + 動詞原形，或者將should省略。2.在表示建議，要求，命令的詞在表示建議，要求，命令的詞“suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,comma

16、nd,request,desire” 后的賓語從句中：后的賓語從句中： “(should) +動詞原形動詞原形”e.g. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately.Practice : I advised that the sick child _ a hospital as soon as possible . A should sent to B should be sent C be sent to D must be sent to 2 Th

17、e workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be 20 percent . A be raised B would be raised C raised D raise 留意：留意：suggest 當表示當表示“暗示、闡明暗示、闡明“講時，講時，insist 表示堅持認為表示堅持認為“之意時，應(yīng)用陳述之意時，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。語氣。Eg : The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had neve

18、r stolen the money.3. Would rather that寧愿如今：過去：未來：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. 過去時過去時過去完成時 would prefer , 表示一種希望和委婉的責備。Eg : I would prefer he didnt stay there too long next week . 我寧愿下周他不要在這待的太久。四四 .用于主語從句中用于主語從句中 1.It

19、is necessaryimportant strangenatural impossible / surprising + that 從句。從句。從句中的謂語動詞用從句中的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，動詞原形，should 可以省略省?？梢允÷允　g :It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work. It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she （should ）refuse to come

20、 to the party. 2. It is suggesteddesired / ordered / requested / proposed / demanded that從句從句從句中的謂語動詞用從句中的謂語動詞用should+動詞動詞原形，原形，should 可以省略可以省略Eg : It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is ordered that the work (should) be done at once.五、虛擬語氣在其他從句中五、虛擬語氣在其他從句中 It is (high / about

21、) time that “到做到做-的時間了的時間了.” 留意留意:should不能省略不能省略過去時should +V原.我們該去睡覺了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 3.Its (about/high) time +(that)should +V.過去時你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that

22、we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. (Should不可省略不可省略)2.If only 引導的感嘆句引導的感嘆句“要是該有多好啊要是該有多好啊”用法與用法與wish 一樣一樣Eg : If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday! “好象好象”3. as if /though + Clause 與現(xiàn)在事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反用過去式用過去式與過去事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反與將來事實相反 過去完成式過去完成式Would / could / m

23、ight +動詞原形動詞原形1) as if /as though連接表語從句連接表語從句 He talks as if he knew where she was . He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.2) as if / as though連接狀語從連接狀語從 句句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.He speaks to us as if he had been there. 留意：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那留意：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么狀語從句中的謂語動詞

24、可用陳述語氣。么狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。Eg : It looks as if you are tired.4.在在In case, for fear that 和和lest “萬一；惟恐萬一；惟恐;以免以免”引導的狀語引導的狀語 從句中，謂語動詞多用從句中，謂語動詞多用 should+動詞原形動詞原形 should 可省略可省略.Eg : I darent tell you what he did for fear that he should be angry with.In case I should fail, I would try againI will not read

25、 aloud the book lest I should disturb you .5.在帶有在帶有even if/ even though “即使即使”引導的讓步狀語從句中引導的讓步狀語從句中,動詞形式與含有動詞形式與含有非真實的條件句的虛擬語氣相同非真實的條件句的虛擬語氣相同.Eg. Even if Lin Tao _(be) here, I should say the same thing.Even though he _(be) ill, he would have gone to his office.werehad been2 2 錯綜條件虛擬語氣錯綜條件虛擬語氣條件從句謂語動

26、詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致謂語動詞不一致, ,謂語動詞形式應(yīng)做適當調(diào)整。謂語動詞形式應(yīng)做適當調(diào)整。If you had followed my advice , you If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.would be

27、a college student now.If you had spoken to him last time you If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.saw him, you would know what to do now.Summary一：虛擬語氣在條件狀語一：虛擬語氣在條件狀語 從句中的用法。從句中的用法。二：虛擬語氣特殊句型：二：虛擬語氣特殊句型：wish 賓語從句賓語從句would rather (that)3. as if /though + Claus

28、e 虛擬虛擬4.Its (about/high) time +(that)5.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。6.without和和but for 構(gòu)成虛擬構(gòu)成虛擬. but for(要不是要不是)7. If only 要是就好了要是就好了 8. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即should）+動詞原形動詞原形9. 某些簡單句的固定句型：某些簡單句的固定句型：三：三： 虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點：虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點：混合條件句

29、混合條件句(“各歸各各歸各” 的原則）的原則） 判斷是否虛擬判斷是否虛擬2. 判斷虛擬類型判斷虛擬類型3. 判斷虛擬時間判斷虛擬時間虛擬語氣虛擬語氣Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed C. would miss D. missed2.It was the drug2.It wa

30、s the drug，not the diseasenot the disease，that that killed the boy.killed the boy.He would be still alive today if he _ He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.that drug.A.not take B. hadnt takenA.not take B. hadnt takenC. didnt takeD. shouldnt have takenC. didnt takeD. shouldnt have takenEx

31、ercises虛擬語氣虛擬語氣3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.)3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house

32、. A. sell B. sold A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university.5. I wish this bus _ to the university.A. go B. went C. has gone D. had goneA. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone虛擬語氣虛擬語氣6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽吃得飽), though his pa