人教新目標(biāo)英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè) Unit1 單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、人教新目標(biāo)英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit1 Where did you go on vacation？單元知識(shí)要點(diǎn)一、語法：一般過去時(shí)1. 概念一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。常與過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：yesterday， the day before yesterday，last week，last month，in 2008，two days ago，this morning/afternoon/evening，when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句(動(dòng)詞過去時(shí))，just now，in the old days，at that time， at that mom

2、ent等。2. 謂語構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞的過去式動(dòng)詞過去式的變化：1）規(guī)則變化：情況方法示例一般情況+edwork- worked look-looked以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾+dlive -lived hope-hoped以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i+edstudystudied carry-carried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫最后的輔音字母+edstopstopped plan-planned2） 不規(guī)則變化：3） have-had are-were is/am-was do-did二、一般過去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)（1）有Be動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語+was/were+其他 Jim was an

3、gry last night.否定句：主語+was/were+not+其他 Jim wasnt angry last night.一般疑問句：was/were+主語+其他？ Was Jim angry last night?肯定回答：Yes, 主語 + was/were. Yes, he was.否定回答：No, 主語 + wasnt/werent. No, he wasnt.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)？ How was Jim last night?（2）句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子肯定：主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他 eg. Jim went home yesterday.否定：

4、主語+ didnt +動(dòng)詞原形+其他 Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑問句：Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 Did Jim go home yesterday? 肯定回答：Yes, 主語 + did. Yes, he did. 否定回答：No, 主語 + didnt. No, he didnt. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？What did Jim do yesterday? Who went to home yesterday?復(fù)合不定代詞和復(fù)合不定副詞英語中，像something等這樣的詞叫復(fù)合不定代詞；像somewhere這樣的詞叫復(fù)合不

5、定副詞。類別復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定副詞指人指物some系列someonesomebodysomethingsomewhereany系列anyoneanybodyanythinganywhereno系列no onenobodynothingnowhereevery系列everyoneeverybodyeverythingeverywhere1、復(fù)合不定代詞的用法：復(fù)合不定代詞在句中可用作主語、賓語或表語，但不能用作定語。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的區(qū)別與 some 和 any 的區(qū)別一樣，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件句。I

6、 know nothing about this person我對(duì)這個(gè)人一無所知。復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 Everything begins to grow in spring.春天萬物開始生長。 復(fù)合不定代詞被形容詞修飾時(shí)，復(fù)合不定代詞要放在形容詞之前。There is nothing wrong with the radio. 這收音機(jī)沒有毛病。在反意疑問句中，表示人的復(fù)合不定代詞在陳述句中作主語時(shí)，簡略問句中的主語用he或they：如果表示物的復(fù)合不定代詞在陳述句中作主語，簡略問句中的主語用it。例如： Nobody knows the answer， d

7、oes hedo they? 沒有人知道答案，是嗎? Someone is waiting for you at the school gate，isnt hearent they? 有人在門口等你，是不是? Everything is ready，isnt it?一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，是嗎? 復(fù)合不定副詞在句中可作表語，也可作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞或其他副詞。形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定副詞時(shí)，放在不定副詞后面。Your bike must be somewhere in your school. 你的自行車一定在學(xué)校的什么地方。 We went somewhere nice yesterday.昨天我們?nèi)チ艘粋€(gè)美麗

8、的地方。 I cant find it anywhere.我到處找不到它。短語歸納- 7 -1、go on vacation去度假 ，2、stay at home 呆在家， 3、go to the mountains 上山/進(jìn)山 ，4、go to the beach到海邊去，5、visit museums 參觀博物館，6、go to summer camp 去夏令營，7、quite a few 相當(dāng)多， 8、study for為學(xué)習(xí)，9、go out 出去，10、most of the time 大部分時(shí)間/絕大多數(shù)時(shí)間，11、taste good 嘗起來味道好，12、have a good

9、time玩的開心，13、of course當(dāng)然可以， 14、feel like(doing sth)感覺像/想要,15、go shopping購物，16、in the past 在過去，17、walk around繞走，18、too many 太多（可數(shù)名詞前面），19、because of 因?yàn)椋?20、one bowl of 一碗,21、find out 查出來/發(fā)現(xiàn) ，22、go on繼續(xù)，23、take photos 照相， 24、something important重要的事情， 25、up and down上上下下， 26、come up出來 Ø 習(xí)慣用法、搭配1. bu

10、y sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 為某人買某物 2. taste/look/smell/sound/feel + adj. 嘗起來/看起來/聞起來/聽起來/摸起來3. have nothing to do but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都沒有There was nothing much to do in the evening but read.晚上除了讀書以外無事可做。4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起來;似乎 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到達(dá)某地6. decide to do sth. 決定做某事

11、 7. try doing sth. 嘗試做某事 / try to do sth. 盡力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 開始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事 stop to do sth 停下來去做另外一件事 12. dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事13. Why not do sth.= why dont you do sth為什么不做.呢？l What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth

12、? .怎么樣？l Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事嗎？l Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事嗎？14. so + 形容詞 + that + 從句 如此以至于 too+ 形容詞+ to +動(dòng)詞原形 太而不能. such+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞that + 從句 如此以至于She is _ old to walk so long. A. too B. so C. very D. such15. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不要） 做某事 16. keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事17. for

13、get to do sth. 忘記去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘記做過某事18.How do you like=what do you think of ? 你認(rèn)為怎么樣19. enough +名詞，形容詞+enough20.不定代詞+形容詞，如；something new, anything important, nothing interesting21. have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得開心，玩得愉快2、 課文要點(diǎn)：SectionA1.buy anything special 買特別的東西。（P2）1）buy

14、及物動(dòng)詞，意為“買；購買”。其過去式為_。 拓展：buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 意為“給某人買某物”。My uncle_ _a bike.= My uncle_ _for me. 2)anything不定代詞，意為“某事；某件東西”，主要用于疑問句或否定句中。a.Do you want to buy anything for me? b.I cant say anything about it. 3) anthing special表示“特別的東西”，形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)后置。 Is there_ _in this book?這本書里有新的內(nèi)容嗎？2.Oh, di

15、d you go anywhere interesting?哦，你去有趣的地方了嗎？（P2）1）本句是did開頭的一般疑問句 2）anywhere用作副詞，意為“在任何地方”。eg：Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation？辨析：anywhere與somewhere anywhere意為“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑問句中。 eg:I cant find it anywhere. somewhere意為“在某處；到某處”，常用于肯定句中。 eg:I lost my key somewhere near here.3.We took quit

16、e a few photos there.我們?cè)谀抢锱牧瞬簧僬掌?。（P2） take photos 意為“照相；拍照”。 eg:We_ _on the Great Wall.我們?cè)陂L城上照了相。辨析：quite a few與quite a little quite a few 意為“很多;不少”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；quite a little 意為“很多;不少”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。a. He stays here for _ _ _days. b.There is _ _ _water in the bottle(瓶子).4. I just stayed at home most of the

17、time to read and relax. 我大部分時(shí)間只是待在家里讀書休息。 （P2） most of the time意為“大部分時(shí)間”，其中most為代詞，意為“大部分；大多數(shù)”。拓展most of意為“中的大多數(shù)”，它作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞取決于most of后所修飾的名詞。a. Most of us_(be)going to the park. 我們大多數(shù)人要去公園。b. Most of the food_(go)bad. 大部分的食物都變質(zhì)了。7.Everything tasted really good!所有的東西嘗起來真的很好吃！（P3） taste在此為系動(dòng)詞，意為“嘗起來”

18、，其后接形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。a.The food tastes really great.食物嘗起來棒極了。 8. Did everyone have a good time?大家都玩得很開心嗎？（P3） have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得開心 （+ doing）eg: We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall. = We enjoyed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.= We had fun visiting the the Great

19、Wall.9.How did you like it? 你覺得它怎么樣？（P3）How do/did you like? 意為“你覺得怎么樣？”，用來詢問對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)或看法，相當(dāng)于What do you think of?eg: How do you like your new job? = _ _ _ _ your new job?10.Did you go shopping? 你們?nèi)ベ徫锪藛幔浚≒3） go shopping意為“去購物；去買東西”，同義短語為do some shopping. eg: I usually go shopping on Sundays.我通常星期天去購物。拓展

20、：“go+doing”形式表示“去做某事”，常用于表達(dá)從事某一體育活動(dòng)或休閑活動(dòng)。go skating 去滑冰 go hiking 去 go sightseeing 去觀光 go fishing 去釣魚 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去劃船11.I went to a friends farm in the countryside with my family.我和家人一起去了鄉(xiāng)下一個(gè)朋友的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。（P3）a friends farm是名詞所有格形式。一般情況下，表示“有生命的人或物”的名詞后面加s，表示所屬關(guān)系。eg:The red bike is Alices. 那輛

21、紅色的自行車是愛麗斯的。 拓展：名詞所有格的構(gòu)成：1）單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s ，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加s the girl s pen女孩的鋼筆 womens shoes女鞋 on Childrens Day2）復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾的只加 the students reading room學(xué)生閱覽室 Teachers Day教師節(jié)3）如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有s，則表示“分別有”；只后一個(gè)名詞有一個(gè)s，則表示“共有”： Johns and Kates rooms. 約翰和凱特（各自）的房間。 Lily and Lucys father. 莉莉和露西的爸爸（同一個(gè)爸爸）。4）表示無生命的名詞一般以.

22、of.構(gòu)成短語，表示所有關(guān)系。 a map of China一幅中國地圖 the name of the story那個(gè)故事的名字12. Still no one seemed to be bored. (即使這樣)仍然沒有人看起來無聊。（P3）1）seem意為“好像；似乎；看來”。eg：Everything seems easy.一切似乎很容易。拓展a. seem+adj. “看起來”。 You seem happy today.你今天看起來很高興。b. seem+to do sth. “似乎，好像做某事”。 I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了。=It seems th

23、at I have a cold.c. It seems/seemed+從句 “看起來好像；似乎”。It seems that no one believes you.看起來好像沒有人相信你。2）辨析：bored與boringa. bored意為“厭煩的；感到無聊的”，一般在句中修飾人。b. boring意為“無聊的；令人厭煩的”，一般在句中修飾事或物。eg：a. Im _with what he said.我對(duì)他說的話厭煩極了。b. I find the story very_.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)故事太無聊了。（二）Section B1. What activities do you find en

24、joyable? 你發(fā)現(xiàn)什么活動(dòng)讓人快樂？（P5）enjoyable形容詞，意為“愉快的；快樂的”。 Im sure we will have an enjoyable vacation. 我確信我們將會(huì)有一個(gè)愉快的假期。2. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早上我和家人到達(dá)了馬來西亞的檳城。（P5arrive不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“到達(dá)”。arrive in表示到達(dá)較大的地方，如國家、省、市等；arrive at表示到達(dá)較小的地方，如機(jī)場(chǎng)、商店、廣場(chǎng)、村莊等。（注：地點(diǎn)副詞home，here，there前

25、介詞省略）辨析：arrive in+大地點(diǎn) / arrive at+小地點(diǎn) get to +地點(diǎn) reach+地點(diǎn)eg：I (到達(dá)) school at 8：00 oclock yesterday. 3. so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel 因此我們決定到旅館附近的海灘上去。（P5）decide to do sth.意為“決定做某事”。 eg: They _ _ _the museum.他們決定去參觀博物館。拓展：decide后常跟“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”做賓語。He cant decide when _ _(leave) 他不能決定何

26、時(shí)動(dòng)身。4. My sister and I tried paragliding.姐姐和我嘗試了滑翔傘運(yùn)動(dòng)。（P5） try此處用作及物動(dòng)詞，其后常接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或不定式，意為“嘗試；試圖，設(shè)法；努力” She is trying my bicycle.她正在試騎我的自行車。拓展：try也可用作名詞，意為“嘗試”，常用短語“have a try”，意為“試一試”。 I want to have a try.我想試一試。辨析：try doing sth. / try to do sth. 1）try doing sth. 嘗試做某事，表示一種嘗試、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力。2）try t

27、o do sth.盡力、設(shè)法去做某事，表示想盡一切辦法要把事情辦成，強(qiáng)調(diào)付出努力設(shè)法去完成。 a. I _ _ him, but no one answered. 我試著給他打電話了，但沒有人接聽。 b. Im _ _ _ English well. 我正盡力把英語學(xué)好。5. I felt like I was a bird. It was so exciting! 我感覺自己就像一只小鳥。太刺激了?。≒5）1）feel like意為“給的感覺；感受到”。其后常接從句。eg: He feels like he is swimming. 他感覺像在游泳一樣。拓展：feel like還可意為“想要

28、”，其后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。即：feel like sth. 想要某物 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事eg：Do you feel like a cup of tea now? 你現(xiàn)在想要一杯茶嗎？Do you feel like _ (take) a walk in the park with me? 你想跟我在公園散步嗎？2）辨析：exciting與excited exciting 意為“令人興奮的，使人激動(dòng)的”， 一般修飾某物。excited 意為“感到興奮的，激動(dòng)的”， 一般修飾某人。Eg：a.The story is_(exciting, excited)

29、. b.He told me the_(exciting, excited)news. c.Sarah was_(exciting, excited)to see the singer.6. There are a lot of new buildings now現(xiàn)在有許多新的建筑物（P5）building 可數(shù)名詞,意為“建筑物；樓房”。 build 動(dòng)詞，“建造，建筑” （built，built），The workers built many tall buildings in our school last year.7. I wonder what life was like here

30、 in the past. 我想知道在這兒過去的生活是什么樣的。（P5）wonder此處是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“想知道；琢磨”。其后常接who, what, why等疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 Eg：1.I wonder _. 我想知道那個(gè)男孩是誰。A. the boy is who B. who the boy is 2. I wonder what they were doing here.我想知道他去哪里了。 8.I really enjoyed walking around the town. 我真的很喜歡在鎮(zhèn)上到處走走。 （P5）1）enjoy及物動(dòng)詞，意為“喜愛；欣賞；享受的樂趣”，其后接名

31、詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。 a. Do you enjoy your job? 你喜歡你的工作嗎？ b. I enjoy reading books. 我喜歡讀書。(enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事) 拓展： enjoy oneself =have a good time = have fun 玩得開心 （+ doing sth.） 2）walk around 意為“四處走走”。Hes just walking around the village.他只是在村莊里隨便走走。9. What a difference a day makes! 一天的變化有多大呀！ （P5）differen

32、ce可數(shù)名詞，意為“差別，差異” ；其形容詞形式為different，意為“不同的；有差異的”。Eg: a. What is the difference between this book and that book?b. My schoolbag is different from yours. ( be different from 意為“與不同”)10. We wanted to walk up to the top , but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.（P5）1）want to

33、do sth. 意為“想要做某事”。2）start doing sth. 意為“開始做某事”，同義短語：start to do sth.Eg: Tom started learning English last year. 3）a little 意為“一點(diǎn)兒”，在句中修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Eg: a. I can draw a little, but only as a hobby. _b. Its a little cold outside. _c. He can speak a little English. _ 4) take the train意為“乘火車”，t

34、ake在此意為“乘坐”。11.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因?yàn)槿颂?，所以我們等了一個(gè)多小時(shí)的火車。（P5）1）wait for意為“等候”，其后可接人或物。Tom was waiting for a bus over there.2）over介詞，意為“多于；超過” ，相當(dāng)于more than。Eg : My father is over 40 years old. There are over eight hundred students in our school. 3)

35、 too many意為“太多”，其后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 He always has too many questions to ask me.辨析：too many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 意為“太多. ”too much + 不可數(shù)名詞 意為“太多. ”much too + 形容詞 /副詞 意為“太. ”eg：I have homework to do today. The weather today is _ _ cold.12.And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.而且因?yàn)閴奶鞖猓覀円矝]能看到下面的任何景色（

36、P5）辨析：because of與because a. because of意為“因?yàn)?，由于”，后可接名詞(短語)、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，不能接句子。He lost his job because of his age. b. because意為“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)狀語從句，即接句子。I didnt buy the shirt because it was too expensive.13. My father didnt bring enough money 我爸爸沒帶足夠的錢（P5）1）辨析：bring與take bring意為“帶來；拿來”， 指從別處帶到說話者所在地。take意為“拿走；帶走”， 指

37、從說話者所在地帶到別處去。2）enough 意為“足夠的，充分的”1.用來修飾形容詞或副詞，一般置于被修飾詞之后。2.用來修飾名詞時(shí)放在名詞之前。Eg：a. We have enough time to do our homework. b. The box is big enough.14. because we forgot to bring an umbrella 因?yàn)槲覀兺藥в陚?。（P6）辨析：forget to do sth.與forget doing sth. forget to do sth. 意為“忘記要做某事（事情還沒做）” eg: Dont forget to close

38、 the window. forget doing sth. 意為“忘記做過某事（事情已經(jīng)做過了）” eg: I forget closing the window. 15. About one hour later, we stopped and drank some tea. 大約一小時(shí)后，我們停下來喝了些茶。（P6）1）one hour later 一小時(shí)后 ； 一小時(shí)前_2）stop動(dòng)詞，意為“停止；中斷”，過去式_，現(xiàn)在分詞_；3）drink及物動(dòng)詞，意為“喝；飲”； 還可以作名詞，意為“飲料”。16. Did you dislike anything? 你不喜歡什么東西嗎？（P7）

39、 dislike意為“不喜歡；厭惡”，其后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語。Eg：a. Mary _ the hamburgers. 瑪麗不喜歡漢堡包。 b. I _ _ computer 我不喜歡玩電腦游戲。17. Why not? 為什么不帶呀？（P8） why not意為“為什么不呢”，一般用在疑問句中，表示提建議；why not后面需跟動(dòng)詞原形。注“Why not + 動(dòng)詞原形?” 相當(dāng)于“Why dont you+ 動(dòng)詞原形?” a. Why not go to the party with me? =Why dont you go to the party with me?為什么不

40、和我一起去參加聚會(huì)呢？ b._ _ take a walk? = _ _ _ take a walk? 為什么不去散步呢？18.Everyone in our class took a bag with some food and water. 我們班上的每一個(gè)人都隨身帶了裝有食物和水的提袋。（P8） with介詞，意為“具有；帶有”。 此處介詞短語with some food and water作bag的后置定語。 拓展：with作介詞時(shí)的其他用法：a.“和一起 I often go to school _ my friend. 我經(jīng)常和朋友們一起去上學(xué)。b. 以（手段、材料），用（工具），

41、 Cut the apple with a knife. 用刀切蘋果。19. My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop. 我的雙腿太累了以至于我都想停下來。（P8） sothat / suchthat（如此以致）引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句 so+adj./adv.+that Eg：1. He is _lovely a boy_we love him very much.2. The little boy is so young that he cant go to school. 20. 常用的感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)：1）What +adj.+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 / 不可數(shù)

42、名詞+主語+謂語！ 2）What +a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語！3）How +adj. +a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語！ 4）How+adj./adv. +主語+謂語！ eg: 1.What an interesting book it is! = How interesting a book is! 那本書多么有趣??！ 2._a clever girl she is! A.Who B.What C.How D.Where3. _clever a girl she is A.Who B.What C.How D.Where4._important jobs they have done! A.What B.Who C.How D.Where5._sweet water it is! A.Who B.What C.Where D. How6._interesting the dog is! A.Who B.What C. Where D. How21. My classmates told me to keep going, so I went on. 我的同學(xué)告訴我堅(jiān)持往