非謂語動詞講義

1、精銳教育學科教師輔導講義講義編號：_ 學員編號： 年 級： 課時數(shù)：學員姓名： 輔導科目： 學科教師：王明 課 題初中英語之非謂語動詞授課日期及時段教學目的教學內容動詞的非謂語形式：動詞不做謂語時的固定形式。(1)動詞的非謂語形式包括動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞三種形式；其中分詞又包含現(xiàn)在詞和過去分詞兩種形式。它們在句子中不能單獨作謂語。(2)動詞不定式： 形式：動詞不定式基本形式由“不定式記號to+動詞原形”構成。它的否定形式要在“to” 前面加上“not”。它的疑問形式是：“wh-疑問詞+to+動詞原形”。*它被動形式：“to be +過去分詞”。*它的完成形式：“to have +過去分詞”

2、。 動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,即可以在句子中作主語、賓語、定語狀語、表語和賓語補足語。但不定式也保留動詞的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟語、表語和狀語。動詞不定式加上相關成分就構成不定式短語。 動詞不定式可以放在謂語前作主語。但是通常將作主語的動詞不定式或不定式短放在謂語后面,而在主語位置用“it”作形式主語(有時在不定式的前面還會用for sb表示不定式的邏輯主語)。如：To help animals is helping people. 幫助動物就是幫助人。It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.對于我們而言)學好

3、漢語是非常的困難。 It took me half an hour to work out this problem.解出這道題花了我一個小時的時間。 動詞不定式可以作謂語動詞(及物動詞)的賓語。A 及物動詞+不定式一般形式：謂語動詞(vt.)+不定式(作賓語)說 明want(想) / try(試圖) / decide(決定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜愛) / learn(學會) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失敗、未能) / mean(意味著) / prefer(寧愿) / wish(希望) + to (do)

4、(無)help(幫助)to可以省略begin(開始)/ start(開始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟動名詞,意義變化不大forget(忘記) / remember(記得)/ like(總愛) 也可跟動名詞,意義變化較大 如：I would like to have a rest at the moment .我現(xiàn)在想休息一下。 They began to search the room for the thief. 他們開始在屋子里搜尋小偷。He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house. 他喜愛在靠家的水塘里泳。 When did you

5、 learn to speak English? 你什么時候開始學英語的？Dont forget to close the door when you leave. 你離開時別忘了關門。比較 He forgot to turn off the light. 他忘了關燈。 (沒關)He forgot turning off the light. 他忘記關過燈。 (關了) Please remember to ring me up. 記得給我打電話。(還沒打電話) I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.我記得昨天給你打電話了,但是你忘記了。

6、(打過電話) B 及物動詞+疑問詞+不定式： 謂語動詞(vt.)+wh-疑問詞+不定式 (作賓語)說明tell (告訴) / show (顯示) / know (知道) / ask (問) / find out (發(fā)現(xiàn)) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(學會) / forget(忘記) / remember(記得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商討)what where+ how + to (do)whowhich不定式疑問形式還可以作句子的主語、表語等。 如：He does not know which one to t

7、ake. 他不知道該選哪個。Tell me how to get to the station. 告訴我怎么樣去火車站。 She asked me what to do for todays homework. 她問我今天家庭作業(yè)做什么。 Can you teach me how to search the internet? 你能教我怎樣上網(wǎng)嗎？ C 不定式作賓語而后面又有賓語補足語時,通常用it代替作形式賓語,而不定式則后置。如： I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學騎車不很容易。 動詞不定式可以在句子中用作定語,放在

8、名詞或代詞后面。A 記住下面的一些結構：被修飾部分 + 不定式(作后置定語)漢 語 意 思a keyto lock the door鎖門的鑰匙 a boxto hold these things裝這些東西的箱子give her a bookto read給她一本書讀Is there any (+名詞/代詞)to (do)? 有要(做的)嗎?Its timeto go.是走的時間了。/ 該走了。Do you have any workto do?你有工作要做嗎?Id like somethingto eat.我要點兒吃的。I have nothingto say.我沒有話要說。Would you

9、 like somethingto drink?你要點兒喝的嗎？B 在這種情況下,如果不定式動詞是不及物動詞,則后面必須加介詞。如：They could not find a place to live in. 他們找不到住的地方。 Please give me a chair to sit on. 請給我一張椅子坐坐 。He has got a writing brush to write with. 他找到了寫字的毛筆。 動詞不定式可以在句子中用作狀語,有下列幾種情況：A 放在不及物動詞(come, go, stop, finish, wait等詞)的后面。如：He came to see

10、 her yesterday. 他昨天來看望她 。(表示來的目的)I stopped to have a rest. 我停下來休息一會兒。 (表示停下來的目的)B 放在完整的謂語之后(即“謂語+賓語”、“謂語+賓語+補語”、“動詞+表語”后)。如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it. 我們打掃了房間以便讓他在里面玩。 I opened the window to see more clearly. 我打開窗子以便看得更清楚點兒。C 有時表示目的的不定式短語可以放在句首。如：To arrive there on time ,I got up one

11、 hour earlier than usual.為了按時到達,我們比平時早起了一個小時。(表示早起的目的)注意 stop to do 與stop doing的不同。如：They stopped to have a look.他們停下來看看。(不定式作“停下來”的目的語)They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teacher.他們停止向窗外望,開始聽老師講課。(動名詞作賓語,表示“停止”的內容) 動詞不定式可以在句子中用作表語,限用于連系動詞之后。如：My job is to keep the goal

12、. 我的工作就是守住球門。 動詞不定式可以在句子中用作復合賓語中的賓語補足語。 謂 語 動 詞(vt.)+ 賓語 (人 / 物)+不定式 (作賓語補足語)ask(請) / tell(告訴) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(讓) / help(幫) / invite(邀請) / like(喜歡) / warn(警告) / +sb. / sth.+to (do)make(使得) / let(讓) / hear(聽) / see(看) / feel(感覺) / watch(觀看)/ have(使得) / help(幫助) +sb. / sth

13、.+ (do)如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking. 媽媽叫我?guī)椭鲲?。I would like you to see my parents. 我想要你見見我的父母。The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day. 老板常讓工人們一天工作14小時 。Now let me hear you play the violin. 現(xiàn)在讓我來聽你拉小提琴。 注意 help之后作賓補的不定式符號to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的賓補用不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞時,含義不同,

14、需特別注意。試比較： I heard her crying when I walked past. 我路過時聽到她正在哭。(指當時瞬間的情況) I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.我坐在她附近聽她唱新歌。(指整個過程) (3)動名詞 動名詞由動詞原形加詞尾“ing”構成。動名詞有動詞的特征,可以跟賓語,可以被狀語修飾；它也有名詞的特征,在句子中可以作主語、賓語(包括介詞賓語)等。動名詞加相關詞語(賓語或狀語等)構成動名詞短語。 動名詞可以作主語。如：Learning English all by yourself is not so e

15、asy. 動名詞可以作賓語。A want / need/require之后用動名詞時,含有被動意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的車急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理發(fā)。)(頭發(fā)被理)注意：此處doing也可以用to be done替換。B remember / forge / stop / finish之后用動名詞時,與用不定式含義不同。如：I forgot to write a letter to him. 我忘了給他寫封信。(根本沒寫) I forgot writing a letter to him. 我忘了

16、給他寫過信。(寫了卻忘了) /They stopped to look back. 他們停下來向后看。(停下的目的是向后看) They stopped looking back. 他們停止向后看。(不向后看了)C enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等詞一般用動名詞作賓語。如：Do you mind my closing the door? 把門關上你介意嗎？ She hates travelling by air. 她討厭坐飛機旅行。They went swimming every afternoon. 他們每天下午去游泳。I enjoy walking around

17、 the town. 我喜歡在鎮(zhèn)上轉悠。D like / love / start / begin / learn后面用動名詞時,與用不定式意思相近或相同。如：We began to study English when we were at primary school.我們在小學時就開始學英語了。= We began studying English when we were at primary school. 動名詞可以作表語,此時特別注意不要與現(xiàn)在進行時混淆。如：My job is putting these parts together.(我的事情是把這些部件拼起來) / I am

18、 putting these parts together.(我正在把這些部件拼起來) 動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞構成相同,但是含義不同,動名詞主要表示事情,而現(xiàn)在分詞則主要表示進行著的動作。如：Eating too much is not good for your health. (動名詞短語,作主語) / Seeing is believing.(動名詞短語,分別作主語和表語) / He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(現(xiàn)在分詞,作定語) / His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(現(xiàn)在分詞,作賓補)(4)分

19、詞： 包含現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。(高中學習重點) 主要區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動的意思或表示動作正在進行的意思；過去分詞被動或動作已經(jīng)完成的意思。分詞可以有自己的賓語或狀語。 分詞或分詞短語在句子中作定語、狀語和復合賓語等。A 作定語：分詞作定語時,一般要放在修飾的名詞之前,分詞短語作定語時,則要放在所修飾的名詞之后。 如：I have got a running nose. 我流鼻涕。The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”跟著小偷追的婦女大喊：捉小偷！Yesterday I met a man

20、 called Mr. Black.昨天我遇見了一個名叫布萊克先生的人。 He only gave me a broken glass, so I was very angry with him.他只給了我一個壞玻璃杯,所以我很生他的氣。B 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作下列動詞的賓語補足語。(參考不定式作賓語補足語)謂語動詞(vt.)賓語賓語補足語keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(聽到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感覺到)sb./sth.(do)ing 如：Mum kept me working all the week.媽媽讓我一個星期都在工作。 When I entere

21、d the room, I saw Jack eating a big pear.我進入房間時看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子。 In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.黑暗之中我感到有個冷的東西在我的腳上移動。C 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作狀語,表示伴隨情況。如：She came into the classroom, holding a pile of papers in her hand.他走進教室,手上抓著一沓紙。 I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral

22、 test.這些日子我正忙著準備即將來到的口語考試。D 過去分詞可以作表語,放在連系動詞后面,但要注意不要與被動語態(tài)混淆,“主系表”主要表示狀態(tài),而被動語態(tài)則表示動作。常用過去分詞作表語的結構有：be worried (焦慮) / be pleased (高興) / be tired (疲勞) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / become frustrated (沮喪) / become interested in (對感興趣)等等。E 過去分詞可以作賓語補足語。如：I had my hair cut this m

23、orning.今天早上我讓人給我理了發(fā)。(注意：have sth. done表示動作由別人來做,而have done sth.則為現(xiàn)在完成時的結構,兩個結構不可以混淆)Exercise . 填空(A) 用括號中的動詞適當形式填空1.We are so glad _ (hear) the news.2.I saw him _ (cross) the road safely and _ (run) away.3.You cant make him _ (do) what you want.4.I dont know where _ (meet) him.5.What makes you _ (th

24、ink) Im a farmer?6.Did you see him _ (go) upstairs?7.It is better _ (put) your money in a bank.8.It is difficult for the boy _ (swim) across the river.9.I let him _ (go) early as he wanted _ (meet) his uncle at the station.10.Will you help me _ (move) the bed?11.If he doesnt know, how _ (use) the re

25、corder, youd better _ (show) him.12.He is the last one _ (leave) the office every day.13.Its bad manners _ (shout) in public.14.The boy is old enough _ (dress) himself.15.She is too ill _ (go) to school.(B) 填入動名詞的適當形式.1.Can you imagine yourself _in a lonely island? (stay) 2.I can't understand yo

26、ur _at that poor child.(laugh) 3.She didn't mind _overtime.(work) 4.To make a living, he tried _, _,and various other things, but he had failed in all .(write; paint) 5.We are looking forward to Mary's_. (come) .6.She was praised for _ the life of the child.(save) 7.She ought to be praised i

27、nstead of _ (criticize). 8.Is there any possibility of our _the championship?(win) 9.He came to the party without _(invite) 10. Dont keep me _(wait) for a long time.11. Knives are used for _(cut) things.12. Can you finish _(read) the book in three days?13. The doctor was busy _(operate) on the boy a

28、t that time.14. Stop _(talk) and listen to me carefully.15. Thank you very much for _(help) us.16. Granny is very ill and she doesnt feel like _(eat) anything.17. The girl enjoys _(listen) to light music.18. Do you remember _(buy) me a beautiful skirt on my 13th birthday?19. We couldnt help _(laugh)

29、 after we heard the funny story.20. What about _(go) out for a walk?. 用不定式完成下列句子1.Have you decided _（怎樣度假）.2.It is dangerous _（玩火）.3.She was the first woman _（環(huán)球飛行的）.4.The boy was made _（重復他自己的故事）.5.The old lady looked at the children _（穿過馬路）.6.It took me much time _（算出這些難題）yesterday.7.The boss made

30、 the workers _（一天工作十小時）.8.I dont know _（在會上說什么）.9.Can you tell me _（在哪里能買到這本書）?10._（在何時何地召開這會議）hasnt been decided yet.根據(jù)句意改寫句子1The old man is so old that he cant work. The old man is too old .2. I dont know how I can get to the TV factory.I dont know to the TV factory.3. Mr. Green went back to Engla

31、nd for a holiday.Mr. Green went back to England a holiday.4. Mike hopes he can visit the Great Wall on day.Mike hopes the Great Wall one day.5. Does he say anything for himself at the meeting?Does he have anything for himself at the meeting?6. He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.He is st

32、rong the heavy box.7. He spent two hours doing the work.It him two hours the work.8. Its time for school. Its time school.9. It seems that she is an English teacher.She an English teacher.10. His father said to him, “l(fā)isten to the teacher carefully.”His father told him the teacher carefully.Homework

33、 實戰(zhàn)演練（一） 1. Im thirsty. Will you get me something _? A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating2. It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill. A. to have B. of having C. have D. had3. Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a long time. A. plays B. to play C. play D. played4. -Do you often hear John _ in

34、his room? -Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room. A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing5. Why not _? A. let him to go home B. to let him go home C. let him go home D. to let him to go home6. They were made _ fourteen hours a day. A. work B. working C. wor

35、ked D. to work7. Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them? A. making B. make C. to make D. made8. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterday. A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out C. has taken; work out D. is taking; working out9. When you leave, dont forget _ off the light. A.

36、 to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned10. Who do you think youd like _? A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with11. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often. A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat12. -Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday

37、? -This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday. A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done13. Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning. A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with14. John asked David how _ Christmas. A. celebrating B. to celebrate C. to be celebrated D. celebra

38、te15. We all considered Mr Zhao _ teacher. A. be the best B. to be the best C. being best D. being the best16. Its very kind _ you to _ me _ the heavy bag. A. for; tell; to take B. of; thank; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry17. Have you decided _? A. to go with whom B. whom to go with C.

39、 whom go with D. with whom to go18. Her hope _ a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games. A. to win B. is to win C. winning D. will win19. The meeting room is big enough _ one hundred people. A. holding B. hold C. to hold D. holds20. Would you please pass me the knife _? A. to cut the watermelon with B

40、. to cut the watermelon C. cutting the watermelon D. cutting the watermelon with21. It is better to teach a man to fish than _ him fish. A. giving B. to give C. gives D. gave22. The policeman warned the young man_ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive23.

41、 What do you think is the best way _the wild animals? A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D. protect24. Id rather _ on the land _ in a factory. A. work; than work B. work; work C. to work; than to work D. to work; to work25. My grandfather is used _ a hat in winter. A. to wear B. for wearing C.

42、 wearing D. to wearing26. Im sorry _ you enough help. A. have given B. of not giving C. not to have given D. to have given27. Some students from Grade 9 _ do some _ for the old. A. volunteered to; clean B. volunteered; cleaning C. volunteered to; cleaning D. volunteered; clean28. The young man was o

43、ften seen _ by the lake. A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew29. Tom is _ to make a living by himself. A. very old B. too young C. too big D. too strong30. I find _ him all about it. A. necessary to tell B. that necessary to C. necessary it to tell D. it necessary to tell31. The old man seems _

44、in a great hurry. A. be B. to be C. being D. to being32. I _ the same neighborhood with the lovely girl. A. happened living in B. happened to live in C. was happening living in D. was happening to live33. Its time for supper now. Lets _ it. A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D. to sto

45、p having34. You are not expected _ such long hours. A. to work B. working C. worked D. work 35. His father agreed _ $ 4,000 for the car. A. with paying B. to paying C. to pay D. on paying36. The man pretended _ when we saw him. A. to be eaten B. eating C. being eating D. to be eating37. He doesnt kn

46、ow _. A. when to do B. what to do C. how to do D. where to do38. Today we use machines _ us do most of our work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped39. She preferred me _ there. A. to stay B. would stay C. I stay D. stay40. Were going to help _ the trees. A. watered B. watering C. to watering D.

47、 water實戰(zhàn)演練（二）1.No one enjoys _ at.A. laughingB. to laughC. being laughedD. to be laughed 2.You must do something to prevent your house_ .A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break inD. from breaking in 3.They insisted on _another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given

48、4.Where is my passport? I remember_it here.You shouldn't have left it here. Remember_ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to take D. to put；taking5.His room needs _ , so he must have it_.A. painting； painted B. painted； paintingC. painting； painting D. painted；

49、painted 6.The young trees we planted last week require _with great care.A. looking after B. to look afterC. to be looked after D .taken good care of 7. A policeman saw two thieves _ a girls mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once. A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen8.She returned hom

50、e only to find the door open and something _.A. missedB. to be missing C. missingD. to be missed 9.She decided to devote herself _the problem of old age.A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study 10.It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. re

51、paired11.It's no good _ over split milk.A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry12. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing ; bringing 13. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C .to clean D. cleaning 14. Jack said that he wouldn't min