高考定語從句

1、修飾名詞和代詞的成分修飾名詞和代詞的成分定語定語:a beautiful flowera tall boybeautifultall定語從句：定語從句：修飾名詞和代詞的從句修飾名詞和代詞的從句This is the best film that I have seen.定語從句the best film 先行詞that關(guān)系詞( )This is the best film that I have seen.關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分關(guān)系詞的作用 1） 2） 3）( ) Last week I bought a book. It is very interestingLas

2、t week I bought a book and it is very interesting.The book (that /which )I bought last week is very interesting.Last week I bought a book , which is very interesting.Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞指代在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞秩宋锞渥又髡Z賓語定語whowhomwhichthatwhose the usage of the relative adverb關(guān)系副詞

3、指代所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謜henwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原句若省略，原句意義不完整。意義不完整。起補(bǔ)充說明作起補(bǔ)充說明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意義不受原句意義不受影響。影響。修飾修飾先行先行詞詞修飾先修飾先行詞行詞 / 整個(gè)句整個(gè)句子子無逗無逗號隔號隔開開有逗有逗號與號與主句主句隔開隔開有有that 無無that Revision 2 限制性定語從句與非限制限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別性定語從句的區(qū)別 Her brother who is now a soldier alwa

4、ys encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.Revision 2 限制性定語從句與非限制限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別性定語從句的區(qū)別她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（隱含意思：或許不止一個(gè)哥哥）她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。 The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The boo

5、k , which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. ，我昨天買的那本書是 哈里.波特與鳳凰令1.如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代2.指指物時(shí)只用物時(shí)只用that 或或which 的情況的情況3.介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞4.Whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式5. as 與與which的區(qū)別的區(qū)別6.指指人時(shí)人時(shí)that 與與who的區(qū)別的區(qū)別7.定語從句中的主謂一致問題定語從句中的主謂一致問題 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1:如何判斷用如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞還是還是關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞?選用定

6、語從句的關(guān)系詞時(shí)，需注意兩點(diǎn)：選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞時(shí)，需注意兩點(diǎn)：1.先行詞先行詞2.關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧３煞帧?(從句中缺什么成分從句中缺什么成分)做主語，賓語，定語用做主語，賓語，定語用做狀語用做狀語用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxu

7、n once lived is being repaired now.whenwhich/thatwhich/thatwherevtvi 根據(jù)從句謂語判斷：根據(jù)從句謂語判斷： 及物動(dòng)詞，后面無賓語，用及物動(dòng)詞，后面無賓語，用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 不及物動(dòng)詞，后面無賓語，用不及物動(dòng)詞，后面無賓語，用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞This is the factory he used to work.This is the factory I visited last year.wherethat/which( )vi ( )vtExercise 1.1. Ill never forget the day _ I

8、joined the army.2. I like the place _ we visited last Sunday.3. The boys _ are planting trees on the hill are middle school students.4. The student _ _ we visited yesterday is a famous artist.5. He likes to use the dictionary _ was published in 1986.6.I dont know the reason_ he was late.thatwhen who

9、/that(whom/who/that) ()( )( )( ) ( )which/that ( )why1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. whatthat 與與which 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別先行詞為先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞

10、用代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it7. Which was

11、 the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it先行詞為先行詞為人和物的人和物的組合組合先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等等修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí)先行詞被先行詞被序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或或最高級最高級修飾先行詞前有修飾先行詞前有序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級形容詞最高級(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時(shí)。等時(shí)。若主句中有疑問代詞若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或或者者 which，為了避免重復(fù)，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)關(guān)系代

12、詞不要再用系代詞不要再用 who, which，而用而用 that。 1. 先行詞為先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代詞等不定代詞2.先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等修飾時(shí)。等修飾時(shí)。3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾先行詞前有序數(shù)詞先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級形容詞最高級(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時(shí)。等時(shí)。4. 先行詞為人和物的組合先行詞為人和物

13、的組合5.若主句中有疑問代詞若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或者或者 which，為了避免重復(fù)，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)系代詞不要再用關(guān)系代詞不要再用 who, which，而用，而用 that。只用只用that的情況的情況:that 與與which 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it只用只用which的情況的情況:1,逗號后面逗號后面 2,介詞后面介詞后面2. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,19

14、52.A.on which B that C which D.this 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3:介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞提醒提醒: 介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 關(guān)鍵關(guān)鍵 是判斷介詞的選擇是判斷介詞的選擇.方法一方法一:根據(jù)從句中根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞與與先行詞先行詞習(xí)慣搭配習(xí)慣搭配方法二方法二:根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系 注意：注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常常由語時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引引出。此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用出。此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用th

15、at 或或who 代替代替The man is from Beijing University .I talked about him at the meeting.The man is from Beijing University.Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.whom I talked about at the meeting(who/whom/that)但遇固定詞組時(shí)，介詞一般緊跟詞組但遇固定詞組時(shí)，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置

16、主體，不作前置 Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ? Filling blanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _ were black with disease. b. I saw some trees, the leaves of

17、_ were black with disease. 2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses解題點(diǎn)撥解題點(diǎn)撥 :是否有是否有連詞連詞是區(qū)分定語從句和并列句的關(guān)鍵。是區(qū)分定語從句和并列句的關(guān)鍵。themwhomwhichhim 易混句型易混句型 1.定語從句與并列句定語從句與并列句考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4 whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形

18、式用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式1. whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成構(gòu)成名詞短語名詞短語。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2.2.whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，引導(dǎo)定語從句，其先行詞其先行詞不僅可不僅可以指人，還可以指物。以指人，還可以指物。 3. whose的先行詞指物時(shí)的先行詞指物時(shí), 可用可用of which代替代替, 但詞序不同，但詞序不同，即即wh

19、ose+名詞名詞=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.the window of which of which the window 1. _ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As2. Such signs _ we use in the

20、 experiment _ Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5：3. She is very good at dance, _ everybody knows. A. that B. which C. who D. as4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As5. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. th

21、an D. like考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5：as與與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換，兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用但下列情況多用as。1. 當(dāng)與當(dāng)與such或或the same連用時(shí)，一般用連用時(shí)，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.2. as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首, as 本身有本身有“正如正如” 之意，與之連用的詞有之意，與之連用的詞有 know, see, expect,

22、 announce, point out 等。等。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round. As I can remenber.As often happens. As we expect3.As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定從，即可在主句引導(dǎo)的非限制性定從，即可在主句前，也可在主句后，還可在主句中。前，也可在主句后，還可在主句中。 which引導(dǎo)的只能放在主句后。引導(dǎo)的只能放在主句后。 1）As every one knows, Shakespeare is a famous writer. 2) The plan worked out very well, whi

23、ch is more than we could expect.Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行詞作先行詞時(shí)時(shí), 用用”who” 代替代替 “that”.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6: that 與與who的區(qū)別的區(qū)別whowhowho 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)8:定語從句中主謂一致問題定語從句中主謂一致問題 定語從句中的動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的定語從句中的動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的

24、先行詞先行詞保持一致。保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job isam 3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written4. She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class.

25、A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing 2. 定語從句與狀語從句定語從句與狀語從句 1). a. This is such a big stone _no one can lift it. b. This is such a big stone _no one can lift. 2). a. Please put the letter in the drawer _ _he can easily find it. b. Please put the letter_he can easily find it.解題點(diǎn)撥解題點(diǎn)撥

26、:(1) 狀語從句中狀語從句中的的thatthat 是連詞，在從句中不充是連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，而當(dāng)任何成分，而定語從句中定語從句中的的asas在從句中要作一個(gè)成分在從句中要作一個(gè)成分（主語，賓語或表語）。（主語，賓語或表語）。 (2)句句which引導(dǎo)的是定語從句修飾引導(dǎo)的是定語從句修飾名詞名詞drawerdrawer,而而where引導(dǎo)的是地點(diǎn)狀語修飾引導(dǎo)的是地點(diǎn)狀語修飾動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞putput。thatas/in whichwherewhere3. 定語從句與名詞性從句定語從句與名詞性從句 1) a. He did all (that) he could to help me . 2

27、) a. All that can be done has been done. 3) a. _is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun. b. It is known to us all _Taiwan belongs to China. c. _is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun. b. He did what he could to help me.b. What can be done has been done.AsthatWhat 4. 定

28、語從句與同位語從句定語從句與同位語從句 1). a. The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited. b. The news _he told me yesterday is exciting. 2). a. I made a promise _ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich. b. The mother made a promise _ pleased all her children. that(that/which)that/whichthat解

29、題點(diǎn)撥：解題點(diǎn)撥：that引導(dǎo)的定語從句是對其先行詞的引導(dǎo)的定語從句是對其先行詞的修修飾或限制飾或限制；在句中作成份；在句中作成份( (作賓語省略作賓語省略),),指物時(shí)可用指物時(shí)可用whichwhich代替；而同位語從句是對前面名詞的代替；而同位語從句是對前面名詞的說明和解釋說明和解釋。that在從句中僅起連接作用在從句中僅起連接作用, ,不充當(dāng)成份，不能省略不充當(dāng)成份，不能省略, ,不能用不能用whichwhich代替。代替。 5.定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 1) a. It is in this room _I lived last year. b. It is the roo

30、m _I lived last year. 2) a. It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning. b. It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning. 解題點(diǎn)撥：解題點(diǎn)撥：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was+ +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成份份+ +that/who+ +其它部分其它部分; ; 去掉去掉 It is/was.that/who ,句子照樣成立句子照樣成立; ;而定語從句的而定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在句中要作成份引導(dǎo)詞在句中要作成份。thatwherethatwhen

31、2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA先行詞是先行詞是situation, case, scene時(shí)，時(shí)，一般用一般用where,最佳最佳選擇則是選擇則是in which3. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、when B、whatC、which D、whyC She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in B

32、eijing.A5. The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、who B、whoseC、of whom D、whichB6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、who B、who wantC、who wants D、whatB7. I dont like English, _ grammar I am not interested. I dont like English, _ grammar is difficult to learn. I like th

33、is house, _ doorway is just enough to get . I like this house, _ doorway is small. A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whoseABCD8. I，_ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D9. Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、which B、thatC

34、、what D、asB10. His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD 12. As many members _ were present agreed to the plan. A. who B. that C. which D. as D13. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what B14. This is the same pen _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D比較：比較：.the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost.表示這支筆與我不見的那支很像，不一定就是表示這支筆與我不見的那支很像，不一定就是則表示這支筆就是我不見的那支則表示這支筆就是我不見的那支 .15. The teacher gave us so difficult