輪胎式起重機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系設(shè)計(jì)

1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目：輪胎式起重機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系姓 名：專 業(yè)： 機(jī)電一體化班 級(jí)：學(xué) 號(hào)：指導(dǎo)教師：目錄 一. 輪胎式起重機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系的作用二. 輪式起重機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系的基本組成 三. 輪式起重機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系的分類3.1機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)向系 ································

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3、;···········23.2動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu) ·····································

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5、·3 四. 轉(zhuǎn)向系故障排除4.1轉(zhuǎn)向系常見故障分析與排除 ············································&#

6、183;···········24.2 轉(zhuǎn)向沉重 ····································

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8、3;············14.3輪胎起重機(jī)行駛自動(dòng)跑偏 ···································

9、···························14.4轉(zhuǎn)向不靈、操縱不穩(wěn) ····················

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11、3;·14.5前輪擺頭 ···············································&

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13、#183;··1 五. 典型故障原因分析5.1故障一 ············································

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15、;·········25.2故障二 ·······································

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17、83;·············25.3故障三 ···································&

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19、#183;·················25.4故障四 ·······························

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21、;······················25.5故障五 ··························

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23、83;··························25.6故障六 ······················&

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25、#183;······························2一、 輪胎式起重機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系的作用輪胎式起重機(jī)在行使過程中需要改行使方向時(shí)，駕駛員通過輪式起重機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系使輪式起重機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)系轉(zhuǎn)向橋（一般是前橋）上的車輪相對(duì)于輪式起重機(jī)縱軸線偏轉(zhuǎn)一定的角度。另外，當(dāng)輪式起重機(jī)直線行使時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)向輪往往會(huì)受到路

26、面?zhèn)?向干擾力的作用而自動(dòng)偏轉(zhuǎn)，從而改變了原來(lái)的行使方向，此時(shí)，駕駛員也可以通過輪式起重機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系使轉(zhuǎn)向轉(zhuǎn)向相反的方向偏轉(zhuǎn)，恢復(fù)輪式起重機(jī)原來(lái)的行使方向。輪式起重機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系的功用是改變和保持輪式起重機(jī)的行使方向。二、 輪式起重機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系的基本組成盡管現(xiàn)代輪式轉(zhuǎn)向系的結(jié)構(gòu)形式多種多樣，但都包括轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)操縱機(jī)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)向器和專項(xiàng)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)三個(gè)基本組成部分。轉(zhuǎn)向操縱機(jī)構(gòu)是駕駛員操縱轉(zhuǎn)向器的工作機(jī)構(gòu)，主要由轉(zhuǎn)向盤、轉(zhuǎn)向軸、轉(zhuǎn)向管柱等組成。 轉(zhuǎn)向器是將轉(zhuǎn)向盤的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)變?yōu)檗D(zhuǎn)向搖臂的擺動(dòng)或齒條軸的直線往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，并對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)向操縱力進(jìn)行放大的機(jī)構(gòu)。轉(zhuǎn)向器一般固定在輪胎式起重機(jī)車架或車身上，轉(zhuǎn)向操縱力通過轉(zhuǎn)向器后一般還會(huì)改變傳動(dòng)方

27、向。轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)是將轉(zhuǎn)向器輸出的力和運(yùn)動(dòng)傳給車輪（轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)），并使左、右車輪按一定關(guān)系進(jìn)行偏轉(zhuǎn)。三、 輪式起重機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向系的分類按轉(zhuǎn)向能源的不同，轉(zhuǎn)向系可分為機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)向系和動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向西兩大類。（一） 機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)向系機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)向系是以人力作為惟一的轉(zhuǎn)向動(dòng)力源，其中所有傳力件都是機(jī)械的。如下圖所示就是一種機(jī)械式轉(zhuǎn)向系。當(dāng)需要轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)，駕駛員對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)向盤1施加一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)向力矩，該力矩通過轉(zhuǎn)向軸2輸入轉(zhuǎn)向器8。從轉(zhuǎn)向盤到轉(zhuǎn)向軸這一系列部件和零件即屬于轉(zhuǎn)向操作機(jī)構(gòu)。作為減速傳動(dòng)裝置的轉(zhuǎn)向器中常有12級(jí)減速傳動(dòng)副，下圖所示轉(zhuǎn)向系中的轉(zhuǎn)向器為單級(jí)減速傳動(dòng)副。經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向器放大后的力矩和減速后的運(yùn)動(dòng)到轉(zhuǎn)向橫拉桿6，再傳給固定于轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)3上的轉(zhuǎn)向

28、節(jié)臂5，使轉(zhuǎn)向結(jié)合它所支承的轉(zhuǎn)向輪偏轉(zhuǎn)，從而改變了汽車的行使方向。這里，轉(zhuǎn)向橫拉桿和轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)臂屬于轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)。（二） 動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)操縱方向盤時(shí)，如下圖所示，通過傘齒輪箱和轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)箱帶動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向閥的油缸側(cè)。油缸和閥桿上分別設(shè)有油孔，并且通過油缸和閥桿的相互作用，內(nèi)外油孔有時(shí)會(huì)接通，有時(shí)會(huì)錯(cuò)開，從而進(jìn)行油路的“通”和“斷”的。上圖所示為轉(zhuǎn)向盤向右轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)的情況，這時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)向器的油缸連接見下圖。右轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)向閥如箭頭所示被推到后邊，從而使油缸側(cè)油孔與閥桿側(cè)油孔互相連通。液壓泵的液壓油流進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)向助力矩的“伸出側(cè)”，向左推動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向橫位桿，并經(jīng)過橫位桿臂使轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)順時(shí)針方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。由于轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)臂把轉(zhuǎn)向縱拉桿推向箭頭的方向，并經(jīng)過轉(zhuǎn)向垂臂把轉(zhuǎn)向縱拉桿推向箭頭的方向。上述一連串動(dòng)作是利用從液壓泵經(jīng)過轉(zhuǎn)向閥流入的油量來(lái)加以控制的，但這些動(dòng)作同時(shí)又會(huì)進(jìn)一步拉出轉(zhuǎn)向閥的閥桿，使接通的油孔遮斷。因此，把轉(zhuǎn)向盤轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到某一個(gè)角度時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)就會(huì)相應(yīng)地轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，并且在轉(zhuǎn)向閥的接通油孔被遮斷的位置停止下來(lái)。如果接著進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向盤，轉(zhuǎn)向閥油孔就會(huì)在與轉(zhuǎn)向盤的傳動(dòng)角相對(duì)應(yīng)的位置被折斷。由此可見，轉(zhuǎn)向盤的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)角與輪胎的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)角之