高考英語短文改錯破題技巧

1、高考英語短文改錯破題技巧 馮克中高考要求和題型分析 高考短文改錯題著重考查考生的語言基本功和正確運用英語進行表達的能力。涉及詞匯、語法、句型結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的知識和邏輯判斷、綜合辨析的能力，在較高層次上考查考生對英語知識的掌握情況和語言綜合運用能力。高考短文改錯題，是命題者將中學生常犯的各種典型錯誤更集中、更系統(tǒng)地整理出來，放入一篇內(nèi)容較為淺顯、題材較為輕松的文章中設計而成的，它主要考查考生判斷、發(fā)現(xiàn)、糾正語篇中語言錯誤的能力以及在語篇中綜合、準確地運用英語的能力。學情分析 短文改錯考點綜合性強，覆蓋面廣，錯誤設置類型多，對學生的能力要求很高，綜合歷年高考及我校歷次考試情況來看，學生在該題的得分率較

2、低。分析原因：一方面是重視程度不夠，考生在這一題型上沒有用足時間；另一方面是語法知識薄弱，這一題型對語法的考查較多，不系統(tǒng)掌握語法知識是很難拿高分的。由于學生的基礎比較差，所以在教學過程中，要把課堂交給學生，讓學生自己學習，自己總結(jié)，發(fā)揚自己的優(yōu)勢，關鍵是發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的不足。同時，讓學生在合作探究中能夠互相彌補，取長補短，達到高效學習的最佳效果。學習目標及重難點 目標：1.學生能夠理解短文改錯的出題意圖及找出一些規(guī)律性的考點。 2.學生能夠自我摸索，相互學習一些做短文改錯的基本方法和技巧。 教學重點: 學生能掌握一些做改錯題的技巧和方法， 難點: 怎樣幫助學生熟練運用這些技巧和方法，提高他們糾錯的

3、能力和改錯題的得分率。學習方法 學生始終帶著任務去學習。采用自學、小組討論再結(jié)合練習以及必要的解釋，充分體現(xiàn)學生自學，教師引導，合作探究。 Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmat

4、e. Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.

5、2014年四川省高考英語試卷（短文改錯）2014年四川省高考試卷（短文改錯）參考答案錯誤類型錯誤類型統(tǒng)計統(tǒng)計年度年度介介詞詞動動詞詞形詞形詞或副或副詞詞代代詞詞名名詞詞連連詞詞冠冠詞詞總計總計20142014四川2211121101.With-about2.添for1.go-goes2.trying-trycalmly-calmUs-youclassmate-classmates1.去掉when2.and-ora-the測試點測試點 高考短文改錯滿分為15分，分數(shù)不多但是每一分都很關鍵。很多同學在做此題時會遇到以下幾點困惑： 第一、拿過題來不知如何下手； 第二、特別是在讀不懂文章的時候，或丟掉

6、不做或草草了事，得分率很低。 因此從有效掌握解題思路和熟悉出題規(guī)律，以及破解題目關鍵兩大處入手，此類題目就會迎刃而解，為你高考的成功之路再添一股強有勁的動力。動詞形，動詞形，名詞數(shù)名詞數(shù)還要注意形和副還要注意形和副代詞代詞格格，細領悟細領悟介詞短語須關注介詞短語須關注習慣用法習慣用法要記住要記住冠詞連詞常光顧冠詞連詞常光顧 A Limerick命題特點1. 詞數(shù)在100字左右；2. 以書信、日記、記敘文為主；3. 短文為常見話題或?qū)W生身邊事；4. 語言簡單易懂，難度符合中學生水平；5. 以考查學生書面表達中的常見錯誤為主;6. 出題涉及面廣，但動詞（包括非謂語動詞）、名詞、連詞、形容詞或副詞、

7、介詞和冠詞的考查較多；7. 標點符號、語序、單詞拼寫一般不作要求；一、解題思路（三步解題法）： 一、快速瀏覽全文，把握文章的主要時態(tài)、人稱及文章的主旨大意，順便標記自己一眼就能看出的錯誤。 二、細讀文章的每一句話。一般要結(jié)合文章的前后句以及出題規(guī)律來做題。 三、代入已經(jīng)修改完成的答案通讀全文，看其是否通順。 注意：在修改過程當中，一定要相信自己的第一感覺。即一般來說，第一次填寫的答案正確率比較高，沒有十足地把握不易輕易改正！二、出題規(guī)律以及破解關鍵 高考短文改錯一般會在以下八個方面進行出題。掌握出題規(guī)律之后做題便會事半功倍！ 1.動詞： （1）主要考察能力：時態(tài)、主謂是否一致、固定搭配。 （2

8、）出題形式： 時態(tài)混用 ie,Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help. 講解：很顯然此句子主時態(tài)是一般過去式，因此應把can改為could。 主謂不一致 ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening. 講解：原句中a football game決定了謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)，所以應該把were改為was。 固定搭配 ie, I have given up smoke. The dog doesnt

9、 like the smell. 講解：give up doing sth。因此動詞smoke應該改為somking。 非謂語動詞的錯用： 不定式符號to的有無問題；動名詞作主語、賓語問題;and連接的不定式或動名詞前后一致問題; 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別等。 Ie, Play football makes us grow up tall and strong. 講解：play football 作主語，應為動名詞playing football。 高考鏈接高考鏈接：1.When the air move, we have wind.2.But not all information are

10、good to society3. For the most part，students working to earn money for their own use.4. He lied down by the side of the path to rest. 5. I was used to watch it every night.6. Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. movesisworklaywatchingseen2.名詞： （1）主要考察：單復數(shù)混用。 （2）出題形式： 單復數(shù)混用 ie,

11、 Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy. 講解：“年齡多大了”應該為復數(shù)形式，應此應該把year改為years。 注意：代詞單復數(shù)混用類似。 ie, As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us. 講解：顯然因該把them改為it，指代前面提及的friendship。此句話意思是“就友誼來說，我們可以很容易地從我們的同學和周圍的人中找到。”高考鏈接高考鏈接2：1.We write to each other

12、 all the times.2.They have difficulties in studying maths.3.We study quite a few subject, such as maths, English and physics. timedifficultysubjects3.形容詞/副詞（1）主要考察能力：兩者之間是否混用。（2）出題形式：形容詞與副詞混用。即該用形容詞的地方原文用了副詞，該用副詞的地方原文用了形容詞。副詞代替正確形容詞出現(xiàn)在文章當中ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usu

13、ally.講解：很明顯“與平時相比較更忙”，因此需要把usually改為usual。形容詞代替正確副詞出現(xiàn)在文章當中ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”講解：原文意思是說比賽還剩一分四十二秒時，她開始興奮地叫道-，顯然應把excited改為excitedly，用來修飾動詞cheer。高考鏈接：高考鏈接：1. Ill try to be more carefully next t

14、ime. careful2.As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. 4.介詞（1）主要考察能力：（特別是與動詞的）固定搭配。（2）出題形式：介詞省略ie, Im sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.講解：get rid of 是固定搭配，意思為“擺脫，除去”介詞多余ie,My wife is also happy because of

15、I have given up smoking.講解：這里顯然示對because of與because用法的辨別區(qū)分。前者不能接句子，而后者充當連詞可以接句子。所以應該把of去掉。介詞用錯(一般為固定搭配)ie, I pick out her false hair and said, “Dont be sad, Miss.”講解：pick out應該為pick up。pick out挑選的意思；pick up撿起的意思。高考鏈接高考鏈接4：The man is sitting next his son. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the mome

16、nt my head touched the pillow.I have written the letter with ink. It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. We practise for three times every week. We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. toinofin5.連詞 （1）主要考察能力：前后兩句話之間的銜接關系。 常考三種關系： but轉(zhuǎn)折 and并列 because原因 ie, One day,

17、 my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy. 講解：顯然原文中所要表達的意思是“我們開車去的原因是因為我們要買好多東西”，所以應該把but改為because/as/for。 ie,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native sp

18、eakers. 講解：前后句之間是并列關系，因該把but改為and6.句式（從句） （1）主要考察能力：?？紅hat與what或which/how與what/that與which等之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。 （2）出題形式： ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do. 講解：原文意思是“她沒有足夠多的時間來做自己想做的事情”，很明顯應該把that改為what。 注意：這一形式是改錯常考點。 ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in

19、 your area. 講解：原文中需要一個連接詞承接前后連個句子，這個連接詞充當be concerned about引導賓語從句中的主語，所以應該把which改為what。7. 冠詞 （1）主要考察能力：句中冠詞是否多余 （2）出題形式： 冠詞多余 ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 oclock, when the game just began. 講解：區(qū)分in front of sth和in the front of sth。解決這個問題記住一句順口溜就可以了“有the是內(nèi)無the是外”，即in the front of sth顯然是指在事物(s

20、th)內(nèi)部空間的前面，因此原文中應該把the去掉。 冠詞遺漏 ie, As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. 講解：at an - age固定搭配詞組，表示“出于-年齡”，比如說at an early/tender age，可以翻譯為“很小/年幼的時候” 高考鏈接高考鏈接5：1.What a good news weve heard.2.Im sorry, and I wont be able to come tonight .3.We must do everything lik

21、e the teacher says.4.After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.5.Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. 6.We may be one family and live under a same roof 7.When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. b

22、utasanthea8.代詞 （1）主要考察能力：代詞是否多余，代詞的指代以及與反身代詞之間的混用。 （2）出題形式： 代詞多余 ie, Dont lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, Im sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness. 講解：lose heart：become discouraged泄氣；喪失勇氣；而lose ones heart（to sb/st）：fall in love愛上；鐘情于。原文意思很明顯是“別泄氣”。所以應該把

23、your去掉。一字之差，離題千里。 代詞混用 ie, We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. 講解: 原文意思是說“我們生活在一個大家庭之中，彼此間相處如同兄弟姐妹。如果我們之中誰有困難，其他人就會幫助他/她解決困難。”所以應把them改為us;把other改為others。 注意：the other表示兩者之中“另一個”；th

24、e others表示在一個范圍內(nèi)的其他全部。如圖所示： 代詞遺漏 ie, A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 講解: 應該在classes前加his，表示“使他的課堂生動有趣”。 高考鏈接高考鏈接6：1.I heard that Mr. Wang would teach our English this term.2.This is the factory which we visit it.3.Dont take away the book. It is my.4.These boys like sports, but h

25、e dont like studying.5.I, who is a teacher, teach you.6.A:Who is knocking at the door? B:It is i.7.I devote me to studyingusminetheyammemyselfAt Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner

26、of the sitting room. Kate was covered it with a lot of Christmas light. The sitting room lookedreally beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas tree lights was shinning brightly. Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily.真題再現(xiàn)At Christmas Eve, Jim

27、went with hisfather to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sitting_on_chose_tall_it動詞形動詞形介詞短語常?？?，習慣用法要記住介詞短語常常考，習慣用法要記住還要注意形和副還要注意形和副代詞格，細領悟代詞格，細領悟room. Kate was covered it with a lot ofChristmas light. The sitting ro

28、om lookedreally beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmastree lights was shinning brightly. Jim and hisparents singing and dancing happily._lights_beautiful_andwere動詞形動詞形還要注意形和副還要注意形和副動詞形動詞形名詞數(shù)名詞數(shù)冠詞連詞須關注冠詞連詞須關注were動詞形動詞形 1.以保持原意不變?yōu)樵瓌t. 2.以改變實詞形式為原則. 3.以單

29、詞形式變化最小為原則. 4.以添加或刪除虛詞為原則. 5.以多“改正”少“添刪”為原則實戰(zhàn)練習 Today we had a chemistry test. I found the test difficulty, but I tried hardly to do it. Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. After think for some time, I let her copy my answers. But after the test, all of us were ca

30、lled to the teachers office. The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests. We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. I was very upset. I didnt cheat. I was just helping a friend. Why does she punish me? （四川13年）參考答案Today we had a chemistry test. I found the test difficulty, but I tried hardly to do it. Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. After think for some time, I let her copy my answers. But after the test, all of us were called to the teachers office. Theteacher was angry b