牛津譯林版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、八下牛津英語語法講解與練習(xí)-被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞過去分詞Carsaremadebythem.一般過去時(shí)：was/were+動(dòng)詞過去分詞TheMP3wasboughtbymyfather.一般將來時(shí)：will/shall/begoingtobe+動(dòng)詞過去分詞Thebridgewillbecompletedintendays.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeen+動(dòng)詞過去分詞Themeetinghasbeenputoff.二、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后、

2、。仍”要保留。歌訣是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變動(dòng)，情態(tài)加be加“過分”。例如：wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.fThiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Wemustfinishthisworksoon.fThisworkmustbedonesoon.Wehavetocleantheclassroom.fTheclassroomhastobecleanedbyus.三、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)需要注意的幾個(gè)問題(1)時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。Ihaverepairedmycomputer.-Mycomputerhasbeenrepaired.(2)如果要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，并且

3、這個(gè)執(zhí)行者可以作主動(dòng)語態(tài)中主語時(shí)，就用by短語，如果后面的詞表示地點(diǎn)，不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，就用in短語。Itismadebyus.ItismadeinWuhan.(3)主動(dòng)句的主語是代詞的主格形式，變成被動(dòng)句by的賓語時(shí)要用其賓格形式。Hecleanedthecar.fThecarwascleanedbyhim.(4)疑問句的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，用be動(dòng)詞的對(duì)應(yīng)形式代替doDoesshedrivethiscar?fIsthiscardrivenbyher?(5)謂語為動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能丟掉動(dòng)詞短語的介詞或副詞。HisbestIriendoftenlooksafterhim.-Heisoftenlook

4、edafterbyhisbestfriend.主動(dòng)句中有一些動(dòng)詞如buy,send,give,show,olTer,tell,lend,teach等，帶有雙賓語，一個(gè)是直接賓語(指物)，另一個(gè)是間接賓語(指人)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，可以把間接賓語變成主語，保留直接賓語，也可以把直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，保留間接賓語，但此時(shí)一般在間接賓語前加一個(gè)介詞。Myfathergavemeabook.f(1)1wasgivenabookbymyfather.f(2)Abookwasgiventomebymyfather.Sheshowedmesomephotos.f(1)1wasshownsomephotos

5、byher.f(2)Somephotoswereshowntomebyher.注意：有些雙賓語動(dòng)詞，如do,pass,sell,send,sing,bring,write等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，通常以直接賓語作主語，保留間接賓語，其前面根據(jù)情況用介詞t?；騠orShewrotemealetter.fAletterwaswrittentomebyher.有些雙賓語動(dòng)詞如answer,save,envy(羨慕)等，通常以間接賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語，保留直接賓語。Heansweredmethatquestion.fIwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.(7)主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)

6、詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語為不帶to的不定式，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要加上to,這類的動(dòng)詞有make,have,let,notice,see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,feelhelp等。Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes,fHewasmadetowashthedishes.Isawaboycrossthestreet.fAboywasseentocrossthestreet.(8)Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句

7、型“+Itbe+過去分詞+that從句”或“主語+be+過去分詞+todosth.o有"：Itissaidthat據(jù)說,Itisreportedthat據(jù)報(bào)道，Itisbelievedthat大家相信，Itishopedthat大家希望，Itiswe11knownthat眾所周知，Itisthoughtthat大家認(rèn)為,Itissuggestedthat據(jù)建議。彳列Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)四、謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1、(1)英語中

8、有很多動(dòng)詞如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,cut,wear等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswe11.Thecoatssellwell.Theknifecutswell.這刀好使。Theshoeswearlong.這鞋耐穿。注意：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：Thedoorwontlock.(指門本身有毛病)Thedoorwontbelocked.(指不會(huì)有人來鎖門，指“門

9、沒有鎖”是人的原因)(2)表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout(出現(xiàn))等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。(3)系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.2、在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。(1)在need,want,require等詞的后面,動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing

10、(toberepaired).這房子需要修理。(2)在某些“形容詞+不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout省略了forme).(3)在to。to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy

11、.五、下列情況不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)1 .不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：takeplace,happen,last,rise,breakout,appear等Theaccidenthappenedlastnight.(J)Theaccidentwashappenedlastnight.()x2 .系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)這些動(dòng)詞有：feel,turn,taste,sound,smell,look,get,become等。8下被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、按要求改寫下列句子l.IsteagrowninSouthChina?(改為主動(dòng)語態(tài))peopleteainSouthChina?1.1 amgivenab

12、irthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Abirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear3 .ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))AnEnglishsongbythechildren.4 .Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))Itbyyounow.5 .Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Metaimakingmachines.6 .Hemademedothatforhim.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Ithatforhim.

13、1. .SomePeoplenoticedthoseworkersmakingmachines.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Thoseworkersmakingmachines.8. Theyoftensawtheboywatchthefootballmatcheslastyear.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Theboyoftenthefootballmatchesbythem.9. Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）abridgeherebythemayearago?10. HarryJonesdesignedthegame.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）ThegameHarryJ

14、ones.11. Heoftenmakesusworkfortenhoursaday.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Weoftentofortenhoursaday.12. Myparentsbuymeabirthdaycakeeveryyear.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）（1）1abirthdaycakebymyparentseveryyear.（2）Abirthdaycakemebyparentseveryyear.13. Wenoticedhimeatingsnacksinclass.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Heeatingsnacksinclassbyus.14. Heplantsmanytreeseveryyear

15、.（把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Manytreesbyhimeveryyear.15. Theteachermadehimhandinhomeworkbeforeclass.（把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Hewashandinhomeworkbeforeclass（bytheteacher）.16. HeboughtaCD-ROMlastyear.（把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）ACD-ROMlastyear.17. HeorganizesactivitiesoftheComputerClub.（把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）ActivitiesoftheComputerClubbyhim.18. .Doeseveryonein

16、theworldknowtheGreatWall?（把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）theGreatWallintheworld?19.Igavehimapresentyesterday.（把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）ApresenthimbymeYesterday.20.Theworkersbuiltthebridgein2004.（把句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Thebridgebytheworkersin2004.二、單項(xiàng)選擇1. Eachyearquitealotoffoodaroundtheworld.A.waswastedB.iswastedC.wastedD.willbewasted2. Thesickman

17、tohospitalbythepolicemananhourago.A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took3. Elephantscarrywoodbypeoplelongtimeago.A.wastrainedB.trainedtoC.traintoD.weretrainedto4. Whyareyousoexcitedtoday?-Weweretoldapicnicthisweekend.A.haveB.tohaveC.havingD.had5. Themeetingtwoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld6. T

18、hethiefbythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught7. LastyearBeyingbyabigsandstorm.A.ishitB.werehitC.willbehitD.washit8. 一Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.-I'msorry,butIwhentomeet.A.don'ttellB.didn'ttellC.haven'ttoldD.wasn'ttold9. .TweIve-year-oI

19、dsshouldnottodriveinChina.A. allowB. be allowC. allowedD. be allowed-6 -well.10. Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,A.seDsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold11. -Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.-Morechancestostudentstolearnfromeachother.A.ofterB.areoflaredC.haveoHeredD.areoffering12

20、. -anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?-Yes,itwas.A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build13. "Whattheplaneoften?Atrainingcentre.A.is;usedasB.-was;usedtoC.is;usedtoD.was;usingas14. HewasseenabankjustnowA.toenterB.toenterintoC.enterD.enteringinto15. Weretheyheardatthattime?A.talkandlaughB.totalka

21、ndlaughC.talkingandlaughingD.talkedandlaughed16. Thenewflatsinthecentreofthetownwell.A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold17. TheWorldCupeveryfouryears.A.takesplaceB.istakenplaceC.isheldD.BothAandC18.Oldpeopleareoftenpolitelybytheyounginourcountry.A.spokentoB.speakingC.spokenD.speaking19. Boysandgirls,have

22、youfinisheddrawingthepictures?Yes,theyamomentago.A. have finishedB. were finishedC .are finishedD. finished20. Marydidn'tknowwherethebirthdaycardandlookedworried.A.washidingB.washiddenC.hidD.hidden21. Tombyhisclassmatesbecausehemadeacarelessmistake.A.laughedatB.waslaughedatC.laughedD.waslaughed2

23、2. Theydayandnight.AaremadeworkBaremadetoworkCmadetobeworkedDaremakingtowork23. Youmaygofishingifyourwork.AisdoneBwillbedoneChasdoneDhavedone24. ThesekindsofCD-ROMSinthatshopoverthere.Theywell.Aaresold,aresoldBaresold,sellCsell,sellDsell,aresold25. MrChenhasaloudvoice.Hisvoicecanclearlyeveninthatbig

24、classroom.AhearBbeheardCbehearingDhaveheard26. Doyouliketheflower?Yes,itsweet.AsmellsBissmellingCsmeltDissmelt27. Englishinmanycountries,buttheChinesetheirownlanguage.A.speaks;spokenB.isspoken;isspokenC.isspoken;speakD.isspoken;speaks28. -HowmanycakescanIhave,Mum?-None,dear.Theyforyourfather.A.prepa

25、reBpreparedC.havepreparedD.wereprepared29. HisnewbookhasAcomeonBbeencomeonCcomeoutDbeencomeout30. Foodandclothestothechildreninpoorareasbythevolunteers.A.handoutBarehandedoutCarehandingoutDworkedout三、用()里詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1 .Youngtrees(water)welleveryday.2 .Thirtybikes(repair)byUncleWanglastweek.3 .Thiskindof

26、machine(use)forcuttingthings.4 .Manystrangethings(take)placeeveryyear.5 .Rice(grow)twpthousandyearsagobyChinesepeople.6 .Information(keep)inthecomputerjustnow.7.Childrenunder1.2minheightshould(nottake)totheconcerthall.8.Activities(plan)tohelpthepooreveryyear.9.Ourclassroomissodirtyanditneeds(clean).

27、10 Jackisverytunny.Iamalwaysmade(laugh)11 .Thegoodnewsisthatmostofthecasesofblindnesscan(cure).12 .Childrenshould(treat)withkindness.13 .Shewasmade(wait)halfanhour.14. Usuallythoseletters(write)inEnglishinthepast.15. DoyouknowthatOxfom(set)upintheUKin1942?16. Anewfilm(show)atRedStarCinemayesterday.1

28、7. Whatyourcomputer(use)for?-Sendingandreceivinge-mails.18. Youmaygooutandplayassoonasyourhomework(finish).五、完形填空1Nowcomputersarevery1amongyoungpeople.Lastweek,weaskedthirtyyoungpeople2fourteenandeighteen.Weaskedhowmuch3theyusuallyspentontheircomputersinaweek,butwe4mostinterestedin5theyusedtheircomp

29、utersfor.TheusualtimespentonacomputerinaweekwasabouttweIvehours,with6useraboutthirty-twohours,andthelowestuseronlyfivehours.Allthechildrensaidtheyusuallyusedcomputers7.Fourteenchildrentoldustheydidsomewordprocessing(文字處理),OnlytwoofthemsaidcomputersJheirlessons,andeightchildrentoldustheykeptaddresses

30、andphonenumbersintheircomputersorusedI0towritediaries.Onlythreechildrensaidtheywerelearningtomakecomputerprogramsandnobodylookedupdatabases(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)).Noneofthemusedcomputersforany11use.The12showthatcomputeruseisquitehighamongyoungpeopleof14-18yearsold.Theyalsoshowquiteclearlythatcomputers13bymostyoungpeo

31、pleaslittlemorethangamemachines.14"houghcomputersarecommoninthehomesofyoungpeople,theyhavenotyetbecome15ineverydaylife.( )1. A. common( )2. A. among( )3. A. hours( )4. A. is( )5. A. what( )6. A. high( )7. A. to read( )8. A. at times( )9. A. found out( )10.A. theirs( )11.A. another( )12.A. ways(

32、 )13.A. are seenB.cheapB.betweenB. moneyB. wasB. whyB. higherB. readingB. as usualB. worked atB. themB. otherB. questionsB. have seenC.easyC. fromC. timeC. areC. howC. highestC. to play gamesC. in the endC. helped withC. itsC. the otherC. reportsC. will be seenD. difficultD. aboutD. /D. wereD. wheth

33、erD. the highestD. playing gamesD. all the timeD. looked overD. itD. othersD. results (結(jié)果)D. see)14. A. More or lessB. From now onC. By the way D. It seems to us that-11 -()15.A.wondertUlB.popularC.usefulD.expensive六、閱讀理解Lifecomesinapackage.Thispackageincludeshappinessandsadness,failureandsuccess,ho

34、peanddespair.Lifeisalearningprocess.Experiencesinlifeteachusnewlessonsandmakeusabetterperson.Witheachpassingdaywelearntodealwithvarioussituations.Loveplaysamainroleinourlife.Lovemakesyoufeelwanted.Withoutloveapersoncouldbecomecruel(殘忍的).Intheearlystageofourlife,ourparentsaretheoneswhoshowuswithlovea

35、ndcare.Theyteachusaboutwhatisrightandwrong,goodandbad.Butwedon'taIwayscareaboutit.Itisonlyaftermamageanhavingkidsthatapersonunderstandsothers'feelings.Happinesscanbringpeopleapeacefulmind.Nomindishappywithoutpeace.Sadnessisthecauseofthedeathofalovedoneorthefailure.Butallofthesethingswillpass

36、away.Failureisthewaytosuccess.Ithelpsustotouchthesky,teachesustosurviveandshowsusaspecificway.Successbringsinmoney,prideandserespect.Hopeiswhatkeepslifegoing.ParentsaIwayshopetheirchildrenwilldowe11.Hopemakesusdream.Hopebuildsinpatience.Lifeteachesusnottodespaireveninthedarkesthour,becauseafterevery

37、nightthereisaday.Lifeteachesusnottoregret(后'悔)overyesterday,forithaspassedandisoutofourcontrol.Tomorrowisunknown,foritcouldeitherbebrightordark.Sotheoolychoiceistoworkhardtoday,sothatwewillenjoyabetteromoirow.)1. We usually have to acceptif we want to be successful.A. loveB. failureC.sadnessD.ho

38、pe()2.Inwhichsectioncanreadersprobablyreadthepassage?A.Business.B.TravelC.Lifestyles.D.Education.()3.Whatdoestheword“despair”meaninChinese?A.頹廢B.遺憾C.悲傷D.絕望()4.What'sthemeaningofthelastsentenceofthewholepassage?A.Whenchoosingbetween“today”and“tomorrow”,you'dbetterenjoytomorrow.B.Ifyouworkhardtoday,you'11haveabetterlifeinthefuture.C.Whatyoucanonlychooseistoworkha