高考英語短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)歸納-錯(cuò)詞及缺詞

1、高考英語短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)歸納 ·錯(cuò)詞考點(diǎn)錯(cuò)詞的情況最為復(fù)雜, 大致可分為虛詞選擇錯(cuò)誤、 實(shí)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤、同 (近 義、 形似詞選擇錯(cuò) 誤等。一、虛詞選擇錯(cuò)誤 介詞或副詞選擇錯(cuò)誤:這種情況極為復(fù)雜,各種情況都有可能。這里只提供幾組作為參 考:before / ago, among / between, after / in, below / under, on / above / over, across / through, except / besides, with / in(用 , to / for (對(duì)于 , like / as 等。 連詞選擇錯(cuò)誤或連詞與介詞混淆。如:becaus

2、e / for(since, as, if / whether, if / unless, so as / so that, hardly when / no sooner than, while / when, till / until等。 感嘆句用詞選擇錯(cuò)誤:how / what。 冠詞選擇錯(cuò)誤:a / an, a (an / the。二、實(shí)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤 名詞詞形錯(cuò)誤:名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,特別注意不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式;名詞的所有格, 特別注意不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格,如:the childrens ;名詞所有格的絕對(duì)形式。如:My son is older than my elder broth

3、ers. 動(dòng)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤:不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式、 過去分詞形式錯(cuò)誤, 特別注意幾組易于混淆的詞, 如:lie(躺 / lie(說謊 / lay; hang(掛 / hang(絞死 ; find / found(建立 ; fall / fell(砍倒 ; bear(忍 受 / bear(生育 等的過去式與過去分詞。 非謂語動(dòng)詞用法的選擇, 特別是充當(dāng)狀語、 表語、 定語或賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)是用過去分詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞 (取決于主語、名詞中心詞與賓語的關(guān)系 ; 在 to 后是用不定式還是動(dòng)名詞 (取決于 to 是介詞還是小品詞 ;以及在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中后面動(dòng) 詞的形式, 必須與第 1 個(gè)動(dòng)詞保持一致。 謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形

4、式的選擇, 是現(xiàn)在時(shí)還是過去時(shí) 還是其他時(shí)態(tài); 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和 will(would, shall (should 等助動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞形式的選擇 (只 能用原形 。 形容詞與副詞詞形錯(cuò)誤:是用原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí),是加 more, most 還是加 -er, -est 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。 詞性選擇錯(cuò)誤:不同的詞性充當(dāng)不同的句子成分,要注意實(shí)詞的詞性是否適合其功能, 不符合則應(yīng)換用適當(dāng)?shù)呐缮~。其中特別要注意:連系動(dòng)詞后常用形容詞充當(dāng)表語,而不 用副詞。如:He feels cold. 作狀語用副詞,而不用形容詞。如:He works well.三、同義詞、近義詞、形似詞選擇錯(cuò)誤這里舉一些常見的

5、例子:accept / receive, alive, living / lively, allow / let, alone / lonely, aloud / loudly, already / yet / still, also / too / either, number / amount / quantity, answer / reply, asleep / sleepy / sleeping, bring / take / fetch / carry, clothes / clothing, deep / deeply, cost / spend / take / pay, ha

6、rd / hardly, high / highly, job / work, late / lately, lend / borrow, raise / rise, say / speak / tell / talk, sit / seat, sound / noise / voice高考英語短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)歸納 ·缺詞考點(diǎn)一、缺一介詞 有些動(dòng)詞后有時(shí)有介詞,有時(shí)沒有介詞,可能混淆而缺一介詞。如:attend a meeting, 但 attend (to the patient; prepare breakfast, 但 prepare (for the exam; join us,

7、 但 join (in a game. 表語形容詞通常具有動(dòng)詞意義,很可能誤以為是動(dòng)詞而漏掉介詞。如:be afraid (of nothing, be present (at the meeting, be sure (about it。 except, instead of, from, since, till, until 后面可跟另一介詞詞組充當(dāng)介詞賓語,可能會(huì) 漏掉第 2 個(gè)介詞。如:He came on foot instead of (by bike.A big bear ran out from (behind a tree. hundreds, thousands 等后面可能

8、漏掉 of 。類似的還有 millions (of, dozens (of, scores (of二、缺一連詞 漢語常用意合法,分句與分句之間往往不用連詞,但英語里不行。如:It began to rain, (and they had to stop the match. (如果中間用分號(hào)可不用連詞 It was late, (so we went home.You like sports, (while Id rather read.He looked for the key, (but didnt find it. 受漢語影響,并列動(dòng)詞詞組之間可能缺一個(gè) and 。如:She smile

9、d (and said good-bye to her father. 名詞性從句 that 分句置于句首或作同位語時(shí)不可缺少連詞。如: (That she is beautiful is known to us all.We heard the news (that our team had won. even 后可能缺少 if 或 though 。如:He walks as (if 或 though he were drunk.三、缺一代詞 充當(dāng)定語從句主語的關(guān)系代詞不能缺少。如:The accident (that happened yesterday was very serious.

10、 英語中用來替代前面的 “the + 名詞 ” 的 that(單數(shù) 和 those(復(fù)數(shù) , 在漢語中往往很可能 漏掉。如:The population of China is much larger than (that of Japan.These shirts are expensive, but (those which we saw the other day were even more expensive.四、缺一助動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞 be 表語不是名詞時(shí),可能缺少連系動(dòng)詞 be ,因?yàn)闈h語在這種情況下不用 “ 是 ” 。如: He (is afraid of his father.

11、The match (is over. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)中缺少助動(dòng)詞 be ,成了主動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:He has (been asked to sing in English. 完成體中缺少助動(dòng)詞 have ,成了一般過去時(shí)。如:We realized that we (had lost our way.They (have lived here since 1980. 在倒裝句中缺少助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如:Hardly (had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.Seldom (do I get invited into the office alon

12、e.Only in this way (can you learn English well.五、缺一冠詞 在 such 或 so + 形容詞與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí),不可缺 a (an。如:He is such (an honest boy that all of us like him.This is so good (a book that I read it again. 表示 “ 有些 ” 時(shí), little, few前面不可缺少 a 。如:Dont hurry. There is (a little time left. many 前有 great, good 時(shí),要加 a 。如: (

13、a great many people.若 many 后接單 數(shù)名詞,中間須有 a (an。如:Many (a man has tried it before. 一些不可數(shù)名詞前,有形容詞修飾表示 “ 一種 (場(chǎng) 等 ” 時(shí),要加 a (an。如:Its (a famous Chinese tea.There was (a heavy rain last night. 用專有名詞表示 “ 一個(gè)像 (叫 的人 ” 時(shí),用 a (an, 如:He wished to be (a Lei Feng. (A Mr Wang called you up just now. “ 形容詞比較級(jí) + of the two” 前必須用 the 。如:He is (the better one of the two.六、缺小品詞 to 不定式充當(dāng)各種成分,一般都不能缺少 to 。如:She went there (to see her mother.He asked me not (to