中國(guó)藥科大學(xué)人體解剖生理學(xué)課件—復(fù)習(xí)

1、LOGO人體生理學(xué)人體生理學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)總復(fù)習(xí)Micgene新陳代謝新陳代謝興奮性興奮性適應(yīng)性適應(yīng)性生殖生殖第一章緒論生命活動(dòng)的基本特征生命活動(dòng)的基本特征機(jī)體的內(nèi)環(huán)境和穩(wěn)態(tài)機(jī)體的內(nèi)環(huán)境和穩(wěn)態(tài)內(nèi)環(huán)境內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)穩(wěn)態(tài)細(xì)胞直接生活的液體環(huán)境即細(xì)胞外液細(xì)胞直接生活的液體環(huán)境即細(xì)胞外液 細(xì)胞外液的各種理化因素保持在一個(gè)細(xì)胞外液的各種理化因素保持在一個(gè)適宜的相對(duì)恒定狀態(tài)適宜的相對(duì)恒定狀態(tài)生理功能的調(diào)節(jié)生理功能的調(diào)節(jié)自身調(diào)節(jié)自身調(diào)節(jié)體液調(diào)節(jié)體液調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)調(diào)節(jié)強(qiáng)度較弱調(diào)節(jié)強(qiáng)度較弱影響范圍小影響范圍小靈敏度較低靈敏度較低緩慢而持久緩慢而持久作用面較廣作用面較廣泛泛調(diào)節(jié)方式相調(diào)節(jié)方式相對(duì)恒定對(duì)恒定作用迅速作用迅

2、速調(diào)節(jié)精確調(diào)節(jié)精確范圍局限范圍局限時(shí)間短暫時(shí)間短暫機(jī)體生理功能的調(diào)節(jié)方式有神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)、體機(jī)體生理功能的調(diào)節(jié)方式有神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)、體液調(diào)節(jié)和自身調(diào)節(jié)三種形式。液調(diào)節(jié)和自身調(diào)節(jié)三種形式。條件反射與非條件反射條件反射與非條件反射非條件反射非條件反射條件反射條件反射先天遺傳的，種族共有先天遺傳的，種族共有后天獲得的后天獲得的有恒定、穩(wěn)固的反射弧聯(lián)系，刺激有恒定、穩(wěn)固的反射弧聯(lián)系，刺激與反應(yīng)之間的因果關(guān)系固定與反應(yīng)之間的因果關(guān)系固定 有易變、暫時(shí)的反射弧聯(lián)系，刺激有易變、暫時(shí)的反射弧聯(lián)系，刺激與反應(yīng)之間的因果關(guān)系不固定與反應(yīng)之間的因果關(guān)系不固定大腦皮層以下各中樞就能完成，是大腦皮層以下各中樞就能完成，是一種初級(jí)

3、的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)一種初級(jí)的神經(jīng)活動(dòng) 必須通過(guò)大腦皮層才能完成反射，必須通過(guò)大腦皮層才能完成反射，是一種高級(jí)的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)是一種高級(jí)的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)由非條件刺激引起，數(shù)量有限，適由非條件刺激引起，數(shù)量有限，適應(yīng)性小應(yīng)性小 由條件刺激引起，數(shù)量無(wú)限，適應(yīng)由條件刺激引起，數(shù)量無(wú)限，適應(yīng)性大性大機(jī)體功能活動(dòng)的自動(dòng)控制機(jī)體功能活動(dòng)的自動(dòng)控制負(fù)反饋：反饋信號(hào)負(fù)反饋：反饋信號(hào)抑制控制部分的活抑制控制部分的活動(dòng)。動(dòng)。前饋前饋正反饋：反饋正反饋：反饋信號(hào)加強(qiáng)控制信號(hào)加強(qiáng)控制部分的活動(dòng)。部分的活動(dòng)。動(dòng)作電位動(dòng)作電位靜息電位靜息電位閾電位組織興奮后興奮性的變化組織興奮后興奮性的變化第二章神經(jīng)肌肉組織的一般生理第二章神經(jīng)肌肉組織的一

4、般生理細(xì)胞的生物電細(xì)胞的生物電幾個(gè)重要概念幾個(gè)重要概念幾個(gè)重要概念幾個(gè)重要概念去極化去極化復(fù)極化復(fù)極化極化極化超極化超極化興奮興奮興奮性興奮性絕對(duì)不應(yīng)期絕對(duì)不應(yīng)期相對(duì)不應(yīng)期相對(duì)不應(yīng)期超常期超常期低常期低常期細(xì)胞興奮后興奮性的變化細(xì)胞興奮后興奮性的變化血液的功能血液的功能血液凝固的基本過(guò)程血液凝固的基本過(guò)程血型血型第三章血液第三章血液凝血因子凝血因子血漿滲透壓血漿滲透壓第四章血液循環(huán)第四章血液循環(huán)血液循環(huán)血液循環(huán)心臟的泵血過(guò)程心臟的泵血過(guò)程心臟泵血功能的心臟泵血功能的評(píng)價(jià)評(píng)價(jià)影響心輸出量的影響心輸出量的因素因素心臟的神經(jīng)支配心臟的神經(jīng)支配 交感縮血管神經(jīng)的交感縮血管神經(jīng)的作用作用竇弓反射竇弓反射

5、 心室肌細(xì)胞的動(dòng)心室肌細(xì)胞的動(dòng)作電位作電位 心肌的電生理特心肌的電生理特性性動(dòng)脈血壓及動(dòng)脈血壓及影響因素影響因素微物循環(huán)微物循環(huán)組織液組織液- 動(dòng)力動(dòng)力 通氣功通氣功能的評(píng)價(jià)能的評(píng)價(jià) 肺表面肺表面活性物質(zhì)活性物質(zhì)的作用的作用 阻力阻力肺通氣肺通氣第五章呼吸第五章呼吸 肺通氣肺通氣原理原理- 過(guò)程過(guò)程影響肺影響肺換所的換所的因素因素 肺換氣肺換氣第五章呼吸第五章呼吸 肺換氣和組織換氣肺換氣和組織換氣-呼吸呼吸中樞中樞 CO2 H+O2 肺牽張肺牽張反射反射 調(diào)節(jié)調(diào)節(jié)第五章呼吸第五章呼吸 呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)的調(diào)節(jié)呼吸運(yùn)動(dòng)的調(diào)節(jié)第六章消化和吸收第六章消化和吸收交感和副交感交感和副交感一般生理特性一般生理特性慢

6、波電位慢波電位胃泌素胰泌素膽囊收縮素消化道平滑肌的生理特性消化道平滑肌的生理特性胃腸激素胃腸激素胃腸道的神經(jīng)支配胃腸道的神經(jīng)支配胃排胃排空空 黏液黏液碳酸氫碳酸氫鹽屏障鹽屏障 消化期胃消化期胃液分泌液分泌 鹽酸的鹽酸的生成和生成和作用作用 胃胃胰液的成分和作用胰液的成分和作用膽汁的成分和作用膽汁的成分和作用吸收吸收第七章能量代謝和體溫第七章能量代謝和體溫基礎(chǔ)代謝及影響基礎(chǔ)代謝及影響能量代謝的因素能量代謝的因素體溫及正常變動(dòng)體溫及正常變動(dòng)調(diào)定點(diǎn)學(xué)說(shuō)調(diào)定點(diǎn)學(xué)說(shuō)第九章尿液的生成與排泄第九章尿液的生成與排泄腎小管與集合管的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能腎小管與集合管的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)功能尿生成的調(diào)節(jié)尿生成的調(diào)節(jié)尿液的濃縮和稀釋尿液的濃

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