翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的總結(jié)語義翻譯

1、第三講：翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的總結(jié)、語義翻譯（3）一、 翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的總結(jié)1 翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體現(xiàn)了譯者的翻譯觀，即如何看待翻譯中涉及的兩大方面：作者與原文，（譯文）讀者與譯文，從作者到讀者，從原文到譯文，需要一次艱難的旅行。Translation 中的 trans-即表明了從出發(fā)地到目的地的整個(gè)過程。2 翻譯的定義，原則，翻譯觀以及翻譯技巧之間的內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系圖示：以讀者和譯文為中心 歸化論 意譯什么是翻譯 體現(xiàn)了作者的翻譯觀 以作者和原作為中心 異化論 直譯二、 語義翻譯（3）：直譯與意譯1 直譯（）-指在譯文中采用原作的表達(dá)法，句子結(jié)構(gòu)與原文較相似，但也不排除在短語層出不窮次作某些調(diào)整。Golden age 黃

2、金時(shí)代Chain reactions 連鎖反應(yīng)To be armed to the teeth 武裝到牙齒紙老虎Paper tigers丟臉To lose face君子動(dòng)口不動(dòng)手A gentleman uses his tongue, not his fists.2 意譯（）-指在譯文中舍棄原作的表達(dá)法，另覓同義等效的表達(dá)法，或?qū)υ鞯木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行較大的改變或調(diào)整。自負(fù)盈虧To be responsible for ones own losses互通有無The exchange of needed goods魚米之鄉(xiāng)A land of honey and milk小事聰明，大事糊涂Penny

3、wise, pound foolish五湖四海All corners of the country三句話不離本行To talk shop all the time3 直譯與意譯并不是水火不相容，它們常?？梢越Y(jié)合使用。Eg. It seemed strange that the various editors should permit such redundant flogging of a dead donkey, unless perhaps they had a suspicion that after all the donkey might not be quite dead, an

4、d wished to make sure.奇怪的是，各家編輯竟允許一再鞭打死驢重復(fù)已成定論的東西，除非他們也許懷疑驢子沒有完全斷氣，想證實(shí)一下。（下劃線部分用直譯保持原有表達(dá)方式，用意譯表達(dá)其含義）4 直譯與意譯的優(yōu)劣不能簡單論之，而應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況，視其能否忠實(shí)表達(dá)原意，能否與原文保持同等效果而定。5 從學(xué)習(xí)翻譯技巧的角度看，初學(xué)者應(yīng)更注重學(xué)習(xí)意譯的方法，因?yàn)榉g的技巧性與藝術(shù)性主要體現(xiàn)在對各種意譯方法的熟練運(yùn)用以及直譯法與意譯法的準(zhǔn)確選擇上。6 例句分析 (30)Eg. 6.1 Exporting to a certain number of countries is made diffi

5、cult by the quantity of red tape.6.2 Earning per share have mushroomed at a 34% annual compounded rate.6.3 We are very sorry to disappoint you, but hope you will understand that stock offers are a touch-and-go kind of things.6.4 Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt l

6、ike a fish out of water.6.5 IBM was all set to go into full production for the orders destined for Russia, then the government hit them like a bolt out of the blue.7. 借用習(xí)語-運(yùn)用意譯方法借用習(xí)語時(shí)應(yīng)注意幾點(diǎn)：71 避免借用民族或地方色彩過濃的習(xí)語，避免過分歸化。從理論上講，翻譯既要完全傳達(dá)原作的意義，又要保留原語所反映的民族文化特征。處理文化色彩較濃的表達(dá)法的原則是：即不強(qiáng)求完全保留，又要警惕過分歸化。Eg. 月亮與moon可

7、以互譯，玉兔與 Diana具有鮮明的文化色彩，一般不互譯, 玉兔可以譯成moon，Diana可以譯成月亮Many heads are better than one.三個(gè)臭皮匠勝過諸葛亮。Everybodys business is nobodys business.三個(gè)和尚沒水喝。Lets hope well join in Heaven.讓我們來世再會(huì)。（中國佛教文化色彩）72 當(dāng)心似是而非的習(xí)語對等“dog-eat-dog” (ruthless competition): 狗咬狗“Love me, love my dog” (If you want to love me, you mus

8、t put up with my faults, my friends and my relations): 愛屋及烏三、 翻譯練習(xí)1 Translate the following idioms and proverbs into Chinese with appropriate translation techniques discussed in this lesson.childs playPandoras boxCastles in the airTo get the upper handWhat is done cannot be undone.There is no smoke

9、without fire.If the sky falls, we shall catch larks.Among the blind the one-eyed man is king.A wise fox will never rob his neighbors henroost.2. Translate the following sentences into Chinese with appropriate translation techniques.2.1 He is a napoleon of finance.2.2 Cordless kitchen appliances are

10、flying off the shelves in some places, and retailers think the cordless business will keep booming.2.3 The idea grew with him as he grew into manhood.2.4 Justice has long arms.2.5 Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.3試選用適當(dāng)?shù)姆g方法，將下列漢語習(xí)語和短語譯成英語。走馬觀花百里挑一先禮后兵赴湯蹈火水中撈月求同存異4試用直譯或意譯的方法翻譯下列句子。4

11、1 我像井底之蛙把世界看成一個(gè)小水池那么大。42 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。43 現(xiàn)在合同已簽了，真是木已成舟，生米煮成熟飯，只好如此了。44 你將是重復(fù)竹籃打水一場空。45 它們是水火不相容的東西。46 他言行一絲不茍。四、 實(shí)用翻譯（3）：職位、職稱及公司部門名稱的翻譯1 常見職位，職稱的翻譯11 “副?！钡姆gVice-presidentVice-ministerVice-consulDeputy directorDeputy Editor-in-chiefDeputy managerAssociate professorAssociate chief physicianAssociate research fellow12 “名譽(yù)?！钡姆gHonorary chairmanEmeritus President (名譽(yù)校長)13 “代。”的翻譯Acting Factory Director14 “兼?！钡姆gChairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive officerPresident and Chief Operating Officer2常見公