第二部分第8講動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、第 8 講 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)年份考點(diǎn)題型分值2011現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)單項(xiàng)填空(31)1含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(mustnt be allowed)單項(xiàng)填空(35)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)單項(xiàng)填空(39)12010一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)單項(xiàng)填空(35)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)單項(xiàng)填空(39)1一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(will be held)單項(xiàng)填空(42)120092011 年廣東省卷年廣東省卷考點(diǎn)一覽表考點(diǎn)一覽表2009現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)單項(xiàng)填空(34)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)單項(xiàng)填空(39)1一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(was completed)單項(xiàng)填空(45)1一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞1play _ _ _ _

2、playing2go _ _ _ _3study _ _ _ _studying4have _ _ _ _having5find _ _ _ _6teach _ _ _ _playsplayed playedgoinggoeswentgonestudiesstudiedstudiedhashadhadfindingfindsfoundfoundteachingteachestaught taught7put _ _ _ _8speak _ _ _ _9learn _ _ _ _10feel _ _ _ _feeling二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Dont be noisy.Mum _ (ta

3、lk) with the guest in thesitting room.is talking2When _ you _ (buy) the e-dictionary? Last month.3Why didnt you come and open the door for me, dear?Oh, sorry.I _ (cook) in the kitchen.I didnt hearyou.was cookingputtingputsputputspeakingspeaksspokespokenlearninglearnslearned/learntlearned/learntfeltf

4、eelsfeltdidbuy4He _ (join) us in the discussion tomorrow. 5 Henry speaks Chinese very well.He _ (be) in Chinasince ten years ago.has been6 Cindy will never drive the car because she _ (hate)driving.hates7English _ (speak) in many countries. 8 These magazines must not _ (take) out of thereading room.

5、be taken9You _ (laugh) at if you wear that dress.10What _ (happen) in this area last night?happenedwill joinis spokenwill be laughed三、將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1Someone will tell you how to prepare for the examination._2We must finish the work by six oclock this afternoon._3Do you often clean your room?_4Could y

6、ou carry out the plan on time?_5They gave him a medal for his wonderful work._You will be told how to prepare for the examination bysomeone.The work must be finished by us by six oclock this afternoon.Is your room often cleaned by you?Could the plan be carried out on time?He was given a medal by the

7、m for his wonderful work./Amedal was given to him by them for his wonderful work.時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)例句 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)；表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格、特征和能力等；表示客觀真理 主語(yǔ)是第三 人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí) 用動(dòng)詞的第 三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) 形式，其他 情況用動(dòng)詞原形sometimes, often,usually, always,never, in the morning/afternoon/ evening, at noon,every day, onSunday(s), at seven等He

8、plays socceron Sundays.星期天他踢足球。Light travelsfaster thansound. 光速比音速快。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)?？嫉母鞣N時(shí)態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 表示過(guò)去曾 經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的 狀態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去 式 yesterday, last night(Monday, week,month, year), in 2010, three monthsago, just now 等I was at the library yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我在圖書(shū)館。 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 表示將來(lái)發(fā) 生的動(dòng)作或 存在的狀態(tài) shall/will 動(dòng)

9、詞原形； be going to 動(dòng)詞原形 tomorrow, next year,in two years, from now on, in the future等They are going to have a sportsmeeting in a week.他們一周后要舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正 在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作is/am/are 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在 分詞(v.-ing) now, at the moment, at present, these days 等We are havingan English classnow.我們現(xiàn)在正在上英語(yǔ)課。 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示過(guò)去某 個(gè)

10、時(shí)刻或某 一階段正在 進(jìn)行或發(fā)生 的動(dòng)作 was/were 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在 分詞at this time yesterday, at 9 last night, then 等They werewatching TV at7 last night.昨晚七點(diǎn)他們正在看電視?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果；表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)have/has分詞already, just, yet,生的某一動(dòng)時(shí)間點(diǎn)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句， eversince, so far, in thepast/last.years 等They haveknown eachfor

11、時(shí)間段， sincecame to thisschool.他們自從來(lái)到這所學(xué)校就相互認(rèn)識(shí)了。ever, never, before,other since they動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去注意：come, go, leave, arrive 等表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的或計(jì)劃好的事情。如：She is leaving for Hong Kong tonight.今晚她將動(dòng)身去香港。動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)1一般情況直接加-s。如：looklooks readreads stopstops2以 s, x, ch, sh, o 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-es。如：missmisses fixfixeswatc

12、hwatcheswashwashesdodoes3輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變 y 為 i 再加-es。如：carrycarrieshurryhurries crycries4be 動(dòng)詞的三種形式：am, is, are5特殊：havehas動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞1規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：(1)一般情況直接加-ed。如：cleancleaned rainrained watchwatched(2)以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加-d。如：likeliked livelived movemoved(3)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstopped dropdr

13、opped planplanned(4)以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)變 y 為 i 再加-ed。 如：studystudied carrycarried crycried2不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，只能分別記憶。(請(qǐng)參看九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)課本最后一頁(yè))動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1一般情況在詞尾加-ing。如：dodoing studystudying listenlistening2以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去 e 加-ing。如：havehaving makemaking3以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加-ing。如：beginbeginning r

14、unrunning getgetting4以字母 ie 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變 ie 為 y 再加-ing。如：diedying lielying現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的一些重要用法1短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短暫性動(dòng)詞可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，說(shuō)明某個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果還存在，但不能與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，也不能用于 how long引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中。如需使用，此時(shí)要將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：borrowkeepbuyhavediebe deadjoinbe a member of/be inbegin/startbe onfinish/endbe overcome/go/arrivebe in/atleavebe

15、 away (from)becomebeopenbe openclosebe closedsleepbe asleepmarrybe marriedreturnbe backget upbe up2have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的區(qū)別(1)have/has gone to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人還未回來(lái)。如：Has he gone to Qingdao？他去青島了嗎？(2)have/has been to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“去過(guò)某地”，人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。如：She has been to Shanghai before.

16、她以前曾經(jīng)去過(guò)上海。(3)have/has been in 強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直待在某地”，常與一段時(shí)間連用。如：He has been in Shanghai for ten years.他在上海十年了。3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)僅強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。如：He has studied English for five years.他學(xué)英語(yǔ)五年了。(說(shuō)明他現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))He studied English for five years.他曾學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)。(只說(shuō)明他過(guò)去學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在學(xué)不學(xué)就不知道了

17、)(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者。中考考綱只要求考生掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)及含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：肯定句：主語(yǔ)am/is/are過(guò)去分詞否定句：主語(yǔ)am/is/arenot過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)句：Am/Is/Are主語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞？2一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：肯定句：主語(yǔ)was/were過(guò)去分詞否定句：主語(yǔ)was/werenot過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)句：Was/Were主語(yǔ)過(guò)

18、去分詞？3一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：肯定句：主語(yǔ)will/shallbe過(guò)去分詞否定句：主語(yǔ)will/shallnotbe過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)句：Will/Shall主語(yǔ)be過(guò)去分詞？4含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：肯定句：主語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞否定句：主語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞notbe過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)be過(guò)去分詞？被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦昨晚被盜了。This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋于 1981 年竣工。2需強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受

19、者時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由 by 引導(dǎo)且置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，也可省略。如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打碎的。This book was written by him.這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的。3當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整個(gè)村莊都被洪水沖走了。The window was blown open by wind.窗戶(hù)被風(fēng)吹開(kāi)了。4表示客觀的說(shuō)明常用“It is過(guò)去分詞that 從句”句型。這類(lèi)句型有：It is said that.據(jù)說(shuō)

20、It is known to all that.眾所周知It is reported that.據(jù)報(bào)道It is believed that.大家相信5為了使句子簡(jiǎn)練，上下文緊湊、連貫，常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Apples are good for health and are liked by almost everyone.蘋(píng)果對(duì)健康有益，幾乎被所有人喜歡。When he was five, he was taught how to swim.五歲的時(shí)候，他就被教會(huì)如何游泳。6文章的標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞等用語(yǔ)也常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Teachers Wanted.招聘老師。(省略 are)Road

21、Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略 is)注意：不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))happen/take place, appear, disappear,come true, come out 等無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義1 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 look, sound, smell, taste, seem, turn, get, become等的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義(系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)式)。如：The idea sounds great.這主意聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。The flowers look beautiful.這些花看起來(lái)很漂亮。2動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：I have a lot

22、of homework to do every day.我每天都有很多作業(yè)要做。I have a letter to write.我有一封信要寫(xiě)。3need doing (need to be done)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Our house needs painting.Our house needs to be painted.我們的房子需要粉刷了。( )1.(2011 年廣東)Alan, its late.Why not go to bed?Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _ for her.CAwaitedCam waitingBhave waitedD

23、was waiting解析：由題意可知是“正在等她”，且由“its late”可知表示現(xiàn)在，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。()2.(2011 年廣東)People who drink wine _ to driveafter May Day.D解析：題意：“5.1”節(jié)之后喝了酒的人不(可以)被允許開(kāi)車(chē)。由題意可知應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，B 項(xiàng)主謂不一致，故選 D。Adont allowBisnt allowedCmustnt allowDmustnt be allowed()3.(2011 年廣東)Our math teacher _ in our school解析：題意：我們數(shù)學(xué)老師在我們學(xué)校教書(shū) 20 年了，當(dāng)他

24、23 歲的時(shí)候他就來(lái)到這里了。由 for 20 years 可知，動(dòng)作從 20年前持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；由“when he was 23 yearsold”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在 23 歲時(shí)，故要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。選 D。for 20 years and he _ here when he was 23 years old. Ahas taught; has come Btaught; comes Ctaught; came Dhas taught; cameD()4.(2011 年廣東廣州)Yesterday evening, I _ alongthe street when I

25、suddenly met my maths teacher.CAwalkCwas walkingBwalkedDam walking解析：題意：昨天晚上我正沿著街道散步，突然遇到我的數(shù)學(xué)老師?！吧⒉健边@個(gè)動(dòng)作是遇到老師時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的，故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。()5.(2011 年廣東佛山)The Chinese Culture Day _in New York City on April 20th, 2011.C解析：“on April 20th, 2011”表示的是過(guò)去時(shí)間，celebrate 與the Chinese Culture Day 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Acelebrate

26、dBis celebratedCwas celebrated()6.(2011 年 廣 東 佛 山 )Most of the sandstorms in ourcountry _ in spring, from March to May.AAhappenBhappensCis happening解析：由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in spring, from March to May”可知時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，故選 A。()7.(2011 年 廣 東 佛 山 )The Guangzhou Tower _thousands of tourists since it was open to the pu

27、blic.CAattractsBattractedChas attracted解析：由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“since it was open to the public”可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。( )8.(2011 年廣東深圳)When should I hand in my paper?Your paper must _ as soon as the bell _. Ahand in; ringsBhand in; will ringCbe handed in; will ringDbe handed in; rings解析：hand in 與 paper 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故第一空用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；as soo

28、n as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，故選 D。D()9.(2011 年廣東梅州)The boss made him work 14 hours aday.That means, he _ work 14 hours a day.DAwas madeCwas makingBmadeDwas made to解析：由前一句可知“他被迫每天工作 14 個(gè)小時(shí)”，且前一句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 made 是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。make sb.do 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要加上省略的 to，即 be made to do。故選 D。( )10.(2011 年廣東肇慶)Your classr

29、oom is very clean.Yes, it _ every day.AAis cleanedBcleansCis cleaning解析：由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) every day 可知要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且 it(即your classroom)是 clean 這一動(dòng)作的承擔(dān)者，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，選 A。Ahas begunBhas been onCbegan解析：由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) since half an hour ago 可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且 begin 為短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與一段時(shí)間連用，故用 be on。選B。 ( )11.(2011 年廣東肇慶)You are too late.The f

30、ilm _since half an hour ago.B()12.(2011 年 廣 東 清 遠(yuǎn) )Echo _ for half amonth.Shell come back in two months.AleftChas leftBleaveDhas been away解析：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) for half a month 為一段時(shí)間，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；且由后一句“她將兩個(gè)月后回來(lái)”說(shuō)明已經(jīng)離開(kāi)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故選 D。D()13.(2010 年廣東)Robert with his two kids _ to thebeach for vacation every year.Ago

31、CwentBgoesDare going解析：由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) every year 可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；句中的“with his two kids”為伴隨狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)為前面的 Robert，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) goes。BC( )14.(2010 年廣東)Do you know her well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.AwereChave beenBhave madeDhave become解析：根據(jù)后面的 since ten years ago 可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且 make 和 become 均為短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與一段時(shí)間連用，故用

32、have been。()15.(2010 年 廣 東 )The 16th Asian Games _ inGuangzhou in November, 2010.AholdsCwas heldBwill holdDwill be held解析：由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in November, 2010”可知要用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，且 Asian Games 是 hold 這一動(dòng)作的承擔(dān)者，故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。選 D。D()16.(2010 年 廣 東 深 圳 )Have you ever _Australia?A解析：題意：“你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)澳大利亞嗎？”“是的。跟袋鼠一起玩真的很有趣。”由題意可知表示“去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了，故用 have been to；固定句型 it is interesting to do sth.意為“做某事很有趣”。Yes, I have.Its really interesting _ with kangaroos.Abeen to; to playBgone to; playedCbeen to; playDgone to; playing( )