八年級英語暑假專題 易錯題集中營 人教朗文版 知識精講

1、八年級英語暑假專題 易錯題集中營 人教朗文版【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：易錯題集中營二. 重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：考試中常犯的錯誤分類例析三. 具體內(nèi)容：    在學(xué)習(xí)初中英語過程中，同學(xué)們常會犯這樣那樣的錯誤，大多數(shù)同學(xué)認(rèn)為這些錯誤紛繁復(fù)雜，無章可循，其實(shí)并非如此。為便于系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)，現(xiàn)將同學(xué)們常犯的錯誤進(jìn)行分類例析，希望對大家能有所警示與啟迪。（一）“蛇足”類錯誤例析“蛇足”類錯誤就是“畫蛇添足”，在句中出現(xiàn)一些原本沒有或本應(yīng)省略的成分。例1 Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too

2、 much money. （×）Traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money.（）Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, it costs too much money.（）例2 Because he was ill yesterday, so he didnt go to work. （×）Because he was ill yesterday, he didnt go to work.（）He was ill yest

3、erday, so he didnt go to work.（）析：用though, but表示“雖然，但是”或用because，so 表示“因為，所以”時，though和but 及because和so 都只能擇一而用，不能兩者同時使用。例3 More than three hundreds people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003.（×）More than three hundred people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003.（）析：h

4、undred, thousand, million, billion等詞前有具體數(shù)詞修飾用來表示“確數(shù)”時，無論數(shù)詞大小，hundred等詞都要用單數(shù)形式。例4 My English teacher is a 38-years old man. （×）My English teacher is a 38-year-old man. （）析：句中的38-years-old是由數(shù)詞、名詞和形容詞一起構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，在句中充當(dāng)定語，修飾名詞man。復(fù)合形容詞作定語時，其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式，且各詞之間要有連字符“-”。例5 The Smiths have moved Beijing.（&

5、#215;）The Smiths have moved to Beijing.（）析：不及物動詞后接名詞或代詞作賓語時，要在動詞之后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~；但不及物動詞后接home, here, there等副詞作賓語時，動詞之后不必加任何介詞。 例6 The box is too heavy for him to carry it.（×）The box is too heavy for him to carry.（）析：不定式to carry及其邏輯主語for him共同組成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語一起修飾heavy。 （二）“主謂不一致”類錯誤例析 主謂不一致類錯誤指的是

6、句子的主語和謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上不一致而形成的錯誤。例1 Each of the boys have a pen.（×）Each of the boys has a pen.（）The boys each have a pen .（）析：復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有表個體的each of，one of，every，either of等詞組修飾，或有表否定的neither of, none of 等詞組修飾時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例2 Neither he nor you is good at English.（×）Neither he nor you are good at Englis

7、h.（）析：either. or.，neither. nor.，not only.，but also.等詞組連接句子的兩個主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近一致原則”，即由靠近謂語的那個主語決定謂語的人稱和數(shù)用何種形式。例3 Two months are quite a long time.（×）Two months is quite a long time.（）析：當(dāng)時間、度量、距離、重量等名詞作句子主語時，常將其看作一個整體，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例4 Ten minus three are seven.（×）Ten minus three is seven.（）析：用英語表示

8、加（plus）、減（minus）等數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算時，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。例5 Watching TV too much are bad for your eyes. （×）Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.（）析：不定式、v-ing形式充當(dāng)句子主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例6 The number of the workers in this factory are about 5,000.（×）The number of the workers in this factory is about 5,000.（）析：the nu

9、mber of表示“的數(shù)量”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；a number of 的意思是“若干”或“許多”，相當(dāng)于some或a lot of，和復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。（三）“詞序”、“語序”類錯誤例析詞序、語序類錯誤指的是單詞或句子在排列順序上不正確，也表現(xiàn)為該用陳述語序的用了疑問句語序，或該用疑問句語序的用了陳述句語序等情況。例1 Hello! I have important something to tell you.（×）Hello! I have something important to tell you.  （）析：形容詞或動詞不定式修飾不定

10、代詞作定語時，修飾成分要置于不定代詞之后。例2 His son is enough old to go to school.（×）His son is old enough to go to school.（）析：enough作形容詞修飾名詞時，可以放在名詞前，也可放在名詞后；作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時，只能放在形容詞或副詞之后。例3 Here is your sweater, put away it.（×）Here is your sweater, put it away.（）析：put away, pick up, put on等“動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的詞組后接代詞作賓語時，

11、代詞只能放在動詞和副詞之間。例4 I dont know where is he going.（×）I dont know where he is going.（）析：在含賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，從句要用陳述句語序。例5Look! Here the bus comes.（×）Look! Here comes the bus.（）析：在以here，there引起的陳述句中，若句子的主語是名詞，要用倒裝語序，即用“Here /There+動詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；但主語若是代詞時，則不用倒裝語序, 即用“Here/There +代詞+動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例6 I do well in playin

12、g football, _.（我妹妹也行。）A. so my sister does（×）B. so does my sister（）例7 Li Lei is really a football fan.              _.（確實(shí)這樣.）A. So is he（×）B. So he is（）析：“so+be動詞/助動詞+主語”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)表示前面所述情況也適用于后者，意為“也是這樣”；“so+主語+be動詞/助動詞”的陳述結(jié)構(gòu)表示對前述情況的肯定

13、，意為”確實(shí)如此”。（四）“邏輯”類錯誤例析邏輯類錯誤是指用英語表達(dá)某一思想時，犯了邏輯推理錯誤，導(dǎo)致句子語法成分不全，句意表達(dá)上前后矛盾等方面的失誤。例1 重慶比中國的其他城市都大。Chongqing is larger than any city in China.（×）Chongqing is larger than any other city in China.（）析：“any city in China”包括了重慶這座城市，同一事物自己與自己不能做比較，只有在city 前加上other才能表示重慶和中國的其它城市比較大小。例2 廣州的天氣比北京的天氣更暖和。 &

14、#160; The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing.（×）The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing .（）析：表示比較時，句子中的兩個比較對象必須一致，不同的比較對象不能做比較。錯誤句的比較對象分別為the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing，這兩個不同類的事物之間不能做比較。 （五）“受漢語思維方式影響”類錯誤例析受漢語影響類錯誤是指用英語表達(dá)某個意思時，受了漢語表達(dá)的影響而導(dǎo)致犯錯。例1 Mr. Wu teaches our

15、 English.（×）Mr. Wu teaches us English.（）析：“teach sb. sth.”句式中的sb.和 sth.是teach的雙賓語，因此teach后的人稱代詞要用賓格，而不能受漢語影響使用形容詞性物主代詞。例2 His sister married with a teacher last summer.（×）His sister married a teacher last summer.（） 析：表達(dá)“A和B結(jié)婚”，要用A married/will marry  B。這時務(wù)必要避免受漢語影響使用A married/will mar

16、ry with B。例3 There is going to have a film tonight.（×）     There is going to be a film tonight.（）析：一般將來時用在 There be 句式中時，be going to或will之后的動詞原形只能用be,也就是說要用There is（are）going to be. / There will be.。例4 Ill go hiking if it wont rain next Sunday.（×）Ill go hiking if it doe

17、snt rain next Sunday.（）析：習(xí)慣上在含有時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，如果主句的謂語動詞用了一般將來時，從句的謂語動詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。    例5 Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun. （×）Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun.  （）析：習(xí)慣上在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句的謂語動詞用了一般過去時，從句的謂語動

18、詞要用過去的某種時態(tài)。但如果從句表述的是一客觀事實(shí)或客觀真理時，則不受主句時態(tài)的影響，而用一般現(xiàn)在時。例6 All the balls are not round. 翻譯成漢語：所有的球都不是圓的。（×）并不是所有的球都是圓的。（）析：all，every，both等詞和not連用時，not通常放在all，every，both的后面，一般情況下表示部分否定，意為“并非都”。例7 Do you know the way of the park? （×）Do you know the way to the park?（）析：習(xí)慣上表示無生命名詞的所有格常用“of”；但表

19、示“通往的路”要用“the way to.”，而不能用“the way of.”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)的詞還有 the key to the lock （這把鎖的鑰匙），the answer to this question（這個問題的答案），the ticket to the concert（音樂會的票）等。 例8 He didnt go to school yesterday, did he? _, though he didnt feel very well.A. No, he didnt（×）        

20、B. Yes, he did（）例9 Dont you usually come to school by bike? _. But I sometimes walk.A. No, I dont（×）          B. Yes, I do（）析：習(xí)慣上英語中的yes意為“是的”，no意為“不”，但在“前否后肯”的反意疑問句或否定疑問句中，yes意為“不”，no意為“是的”?！灸M試題】一. 閱讀理解：（A）There is a one-day holiday in most countries on

21、 New Years Eve. There are several interesting customs in the West, and there are many differences from country to country.Though Christmas is a family get-together. New Year for some is a time to be with friends too. Parties are most often held to welcome New Year. At such arties, there is food and

22、drink and dancing until the time nears for the coming of New Year.At midnight, people often say “ Happy New Year ” to each other. Champagne（香檳酒）is a favorite drink for New Year. In many western countries fireworks（煙火）are let off at midnight ,and many people like to make a noise, possibly to drive aw

23、ay bad spirits（幽靈）.One important song is often sung at New yearthe Scottish（蘇格蘭）song of Auld Lang syne（good times long ago.）1. People usually have great celebrations for New Year on         . A. New Years Day         

24、60;          B. the night before New Years EveC. the night of New Years Day       D. the night before New Years Day2. In the West, New Year is also a time when.         . A. friends get toge

25、ther               B. friends write to each otherC. people can have a weeks holiday  D. people can from country to country3. The word “ customs ” in the passage means          . A.

26、 習(xí)俗                     B. 聚會            C.飲食                   D. 活動4. At

27、midnight on New Years Eve western people often          . hold parties to welcome New Year        make a noise to drive away bad spirits drink with friends or families           sa

28、y “ Happy New Year ” to each other sing an important French song         let off fireworksA.              B.            C.          D.

29、5. This passage mainly talks about          . A. western people drink together on New Years EveB. what western people do on New Years DayC. how western people spend their New Years EveD. western people have a good time on New Years Day（B）People have flown

30、 kites in Japan for more than 1,000 years. There are different kinds of kites there. Some look like bats（蝙蝠）; others look like birds. Most have pictures on them.There are many interesting stories about kites in Japan. One story tells about a thief（小偷）who used a kite. He wanted to steal（偷）the gold（金子

31、）from the top of a high tower（塔）. The thief and his friends made a large kite. One dark windy night he caught hold of the kite. His friends raised（使升高）it into the air. Then they moved the kite near the top of the tower. The thief was able to steal the gold. Another story tells about a father and a s

32、on. They were in trouble on an island near Japan. The father made a large kite. His son flew in it back to Japan.The young men of Japan have kite matches. When the kites are flying, the match starts. The young men try to break each others kite strings（細(xì)繩）. The last kite left in the sky is the winner

33、.1. Most kites in Japan        .A. are very large                  B. are very small    C. look like bats           

34、0; D. look nice with pictures2. In the kite match the young men try to        .A. make their kites fly high    B. stop each others kites from flying in the skyC. make very large kites themselves    D. draw beautiful pictures on th

35、eir kites3. The father in the passage made a large kite to help his son to        .A. return home    B. fly over the island    C. fly over the sea    D. steal gold4. The passage mainly（主要的）tells us    

36、0;   .A. how to fly kites    B. how a kite match starts    C. something about the kites in Japan    D. what the kites look like 二. 綜合填空：Dogs are good pets（寵物）. They are very f 1 to people and very beautiful, too. Most dogs get on very

37、well with c 2 and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a s 3 person arrives . When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its s 4 -buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y 5 is larger. Many people don't know how much to feed（喂養(yǎng)）th

38、eir dogs. Dogs eat a 6 anything! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food m 7 for dogs in shops. Don't let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l 8 water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially（尤其是）in s 9 . Remember that dogs ne

39、ed e 10 . You should take it for a walk every day. Don't keep your dog inside all day.三. 完型填空：A good dictionary is 1 important tool（工具）. It will tell you 2 only what a word means but 3 how it 4 . A dictionary needs to be printed again about every ten years. Languages develop（發(fā)展）and a good dictio

40、nary must 5 these new changes.A new English dictionary will only tell you 6 most people use the language today. It will not tell you what is right 7 wrong. It may tell you the right time to use a word. If only 8 people use a word, a dictionary will 9 tell you this or not list（編列）it. 10 dictionary wi

41、ll tell you many interesting facts. If you type（用打字機(jī)打）a word and the word is too long, 11 in your dictionary. All dictionaries show you 12 to break（拆開）a word. And they also show you how a word 13 .Every dictionary, of course, tells you what a word means. But some words, like “get” or “take”, may hav

42、e lots of meanings（意思）. In some dictionaries, the main（主要的）meanings are often listed first. In 14 , the newest meanings are listed last. So before you use your dictionary, you should always 15 the front part. This part explains 16 .Some dictionaries also show you where a word comes 17 . Do you know

43、that the word “brand”（標(biāo)記）comes from an old word? This old word means “to burn”. This is because 18 years ago people burned their names on tables or boats to show who 19 them. They also burned their own names on their farm animals 20 they would not be stolen.Your dictionary also has a lot of other in

44、teresting facts in it. After you have learned to use a dictionary, it can become your best useful book.1. A. aB. anC. theD. very2. A. noB. thatC. notD. if3. A. tooB. eitherC. yetD. also4. A. usesB. is usingC. is usedD. used5. A. to showB. showC. showsD. be shown6. A. howB. whatC. whyD. if7. A. andB. orC. butD. not8. A. a littleB. manyC. a fewD. a l