初中八種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成及常用時間狀語對照表

1、初中八種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成及常用時間狀語對照表時 態(tài)謂語動詞形式常用時間狀語注意事項一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesalways, usually, often, seldom, every, how often, on weekends, once a day, twice a week, three times a year 注意動詞單三的變化； do/does構(gòu)成的疑問句和否定句。特別注意在when, as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句及if, unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。敘述真理用一般現(xiàn)在時。一般過去時didyesterday, last, ago, in 20

2、00this morning, at that momenta moment ago=just now, in the past規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞的過去式；did構(gòu)成的疑問句和否定句。一般將來時will/shall doam/is/are + going to dotomorrow，next，tonight，in the future, in 2050, this afternoon/evening, in 100 yearsat once/right now/right away/in a minutesoon, before long(不久后), later on(以

3、后)注意位移動詞come, go, fly, leave用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來的情況。現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are +V-ingLook! Listen! now=at the momentat present (目前) , these days(這些天)掌握-ing形式的變化。過去進行時was/were + V-ingat that time, at this time yesterdayat five oclock yesterdaythe whole morning, while, when掌握when, while從句的搭配。過去將來時would/should dowas/were +

4、going to +dotwo days later, the next week, the following day及賓語從句中。常用于主句是過去時，敘述動作還沒有發(fā)生的賓語從句中。現(xiàn)在完成時have/has + donejust, ever, never, already, yet, before, recently, so far, once, twice, three/four times, in the past/last few years, in the past 10 years, for a long time, for five years, for a week, si

5、nce then, since last year, since two years ago, since +一般過去時的句子 掌握過去分詞的構(gòu)成； 掌握與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的標(biāo)志詞； have been to與have gone to的區(qū)別； 短暫性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中與for, since連用時的轉(zhuǎn)換；與一般過去時的區(qū)別。過去完成時had+ doneby the time, before we came here, by the end of last year以及賓語從句中表示“過去的過去”。、 一般現(xiàn)在時（一）定義表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，或存在的狀態(tài)，還表示主語具備的性格和能力及客觀真理。

6、例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning . She is at home .(二)構(gòu)成 主要用動詞原形表示，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，在動詞詞尾加s/es。(三)句型 1、肯定句：主語+謂語+其他。 She reads English everyday . 2、否定句：主語+dont/doesnt+謂語+其他。 He doesnt get up at 6:30 in the morning . 3、一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語+V原+其他？ Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I dont . 4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+d

7、o/does+主語+V原+其他？ What time do you get up every morning ? Where does your father work ? （三）用法 1、表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，或存在的狀態(tài)，帶與表示頻率的時間狀語如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month） , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等連用。 I leave home for school at seven every morning

8、 . 2、表示客觀真理，科學(xué)事實、格言警句。 The sun rises in the east .日出東方。 The earth goes around the sun .地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 Ten minus two is eight.十減二等于八。 Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比聲音的速度快。 The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美國位于太平洋西岸。 3、根據(jù)英文語法規(guī)定，當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時，那么時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示

9、將來要發(fā)生的動作。 I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時，我將告訴他這個消息。 If you come this afternoon,well have a meeting . 4、僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了"描述現(xiàn)階段的動作或狀態(tài)"，其重點"不是強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間、或進行的狀態(tài)"。例如： He can speak five foreign languages .他能說五種外語。 That is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市。 Chang

10、jiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 長江是世界上最長的河流之一。 She majors in music .她主修音樂。 All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂于助人。（四）動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則 1、一般情況下，動詞后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。2、以s，x，ch，sh或o結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾加-es;如：dres

11、s-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。3、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加-es;如：study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries等。4、動詞have遇在主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，have改為has，如：He has an interesting book .5、動詞be遇有主語是第一人稱單數(shù)時，be改為am，遇有主語是第二人稱時，be改為are，遇有主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，be改為is二、 一般過去時（一）結(jié)構(gòu) 一般過去時用動詞的過去式表示?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)否定句一般疑問句Be動詞was/ were+n

12、otwas或were提前，放于句首行為動詞didnt+do（動詞原形）Did+主語+do（動詞原形）注：在一般過去時的句子中，謂語動詞可分為兩類一類是be動詞，其形式為was與第一、三人稱單數(shù)連用，were與第二人稱和復(fù)數(shù)人稱的主語連用。凡是由be動詞做謂語的句子，變否定句時，直接在其后加not,即wasnt 或werent，變一般疑問句將was/ were放在句首，句末用問號。另一類謂語動詞是由行為動詞來充當(dāng)，如stayedwentvisited等,這一類動詞做謂語時，可與任何人稱連用，句子變否定時，要在主語后面，動詞的前面加didnt，動詞用原形；一般疑問句是把did提到句首，動詞用原形。

13、I was in Shanghai last year .I wasnt in Shanghai last year . Was you in Shanghai last year ? He went to the park yesterday . He didnt go to the park yesterday ? Did he go to the park yesterday ?（二）句式 1、肯定句：主語+動詞過去式+其他。 I was in Beijing yesterday . I went to the beach yesterday . 2、否定句：主語+wasnt 或were

14、nt+其他。 主語+didnt + V原+其他。 I wasnt in Beijing yesterday . I didnt go to the beach yesterday . 3、一般疑問句：was/ were+主語+V原+其他？ Did +主語+V原+其他？ Were you in Beijing yesterday ? Did you go to the beach yesterday ? 4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ was/ were+主語+其他？特殊疑問詞+did+主語+V原+其他？ Where were you yesterday ? Where did yougo yes

15、terday ?（三）用法 1、表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間里所發(fā)生的動作或情況，常與明確的時間狀語連用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year),ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of,in 1980等連用。如： At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano . 2、表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。 When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street .

16、3、在時間、條件狀語從句中，常用一般過去時態(tài)代替過去將來時。 He said he wouldnt go if it rained .（四）動詞過去式的規(guī)則變化1) 一般情況下, 在動詞原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked2) 結(jié)尾是字母e 的動詞加-d, 如 practice-practiced；3) 結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y” 的動詞, 變“y”為“i” 再加ed, 如study studied;4) 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾, 雙寫動詞尾的輔音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。不規(guī)則動詞表Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tensecat

17、ch caught come camedo did draw drewdrink drank drive droveeat ate fall fellam is was are werebegin begun break brokebring brought build builtbuy bought can could動詞過去式的記憶口訣動詞一般過去時, 表示過去發(fā)生事；be用was或用were, have, has變had；謂語動詞過去式, 過去時間坐標(biāo)志；一般動詞加- ed, 若是特殊得硬記。否定句很簡單, 主語之后didnt添；疑問句也不難, did放在主語前；如果謂語之前有did,

18、謂語動詞需還原；動詞若是was, were, 否定就把not添。三、一般將來時（一）概念表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。There will be an English party next Saturday .We will come to see you tomorrow .（二）結(jié)構(gòu)1、由will +動詞原形構(gòu)成，其will適用于各種人稱，與主語連在一起時，常?？s寫為ll。變否定句時，只需在will后加not，可縮寫為wont 。在疑問句中，will需提前，構(gòu)成will+主語+動詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。 He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵達這里。2、sha

19、ll+動詞原形（常用于主語為第一人稱）I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天沒空。3、be going to+動詞原形（打算、準(zhǔn)備做某事） He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在倫敦度假。（三）用法 1、表示在將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀語，如：tomorrow, next day（week，month，year）， this evening (weekend ), in the future , in a few minutes， the day after

20、 tomorrow ,by， soon 等連用。I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .I hope you wont be late next time . 2、當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引導(dǎo)的時間或條件句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Ill do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to

21、B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work ( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4

22、. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. -_ you _ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be四、過去將來時 表示過去的某時

23、以后將要發(fā)生的動作。但這個"將來"時間絕不會延伸到“現(xiàn)在”；而僅限于“過去時間區(qū)域內(nèi)”。由此可以看出，含這個時態(tài)的句子常帶一個表示“過去某個時間點”的狀語。這個狀語或是一個短語，或是一個句子。這個時態(tài)常用于： A）賓語從句或間接引語中；B）表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作；C）表示過去情況中的“愿望”、“傾向”，多用于否定句。例如： A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 當(dāng)我考慮這件事時，我想知道他們的反應(yīng)是什么。 She told me that she would go on t

24、rip to Europe the next day. 她告訴我，她第二天要去歐洲旅行。 He didn't expect that we would all be there. 他沒料到我們會全在那兒。 B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段時間，他每天早鍛煉。 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 無論他什么時間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點家務(wù)活。 C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多難，他總會堅持不懈地把它干完。 They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們知道我們絕不會允許發(fā)生這樣的事。 Even after the lecture ended, the audience woul