Myers社會心理學復習題15

1、Chapter 1Introduction to Social Psychology窗體頂端Multiple Choice QuizThe correct answer for each question is indicated by a . 1INCORRECTIn the Dartmouth versus Princeton study discussed in the text, each group saw a greater number of violations in their schools football game than the other group report

2、ed. This supports the idea that_A)football fans have poor observational skills.B)there is an objective reality, BUT it is shaped by individual values.C)that fans from Dartmouth made more observational errors than Princeton fans.D)that fans from Princeton made more observational errors than Dartmouth

3、 fans.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is there is an objective reality, BUT it is shaped by individual values.2INCORRECTSocial psychology has been charged with being both _ and _.A)dangerous; wrong.B)obvious; wrong.C)trivial; dangerous.D)obvious; useless.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answ

4、er is trivial and dangerous.3INCORRECTOne reason you may not study so hard for your first test in this class is becauseA)you believe you are too smart for the class.B)you want to fail out of school.C)who cares about GPA anyway?D)social psychology seems obvious because of the hindsight bias.Feedback:

5、 Incorrect. The correct answer is social psychology seems obvious because of the hindsight bias.4INCORRECTAn aspect of a good theory is that it makes certain testable predictions. These are calledA)theories.B)facts.C)hypotheses.D)dpredictions.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is hypotheses.5CO

6、RRECTA set of principles that explains and predicts events is a(n)A)theory.B)hypothesis.C)fact.D)experiment.Feedback: Correct.6INCORRECTResearcher Kohlberg argues that a childs gender development is directly related to his/her cognitive development. This observation is called a(n)A)hypothesis.B)theo

7、ry.C)fact.D)experiment.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is theory.7INCORRECTResearchers hypothesize that people who drive SUVs are bullies. Researchers set up a hidden camera by a four-point stop sign and observe what kind of car/driver is more likely to stop fully and/or not yield to the oth

8、er drivers right-of-way. What kind of study is this?A)a laboratory experiment.B)a naturalistic observation.C)a case study.D)a correlational study.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is a correlational study.8INCORRECTResearcher Zajonc is interested in whether the mere presence of others affects

9、individual behavior. He designs a study in which individuals are brought in and asked to make a speech to either an empty room or a room with five people in it. This type of study is best described as _.A)a correlational study.B)naturalistic observation.C)a case study.D)a laboratory experiment.Feedb

10、ack: Incorrect. The correct answer is a correlational study.9CORRECTTo show causality, researchers must use a(n) _ design.A)correlational.B)case study.C)naturalistic observation.D)experimental.Feedback: Correct.10INCORRECTA study finds that kids who have a lot of electrical appliances are also more

11、likely to use birth control. From this we can concludeA)that a high use of electricity causes teens to use birth control.B)nothing about causality.C)that using birth control makes you buy electrical appliances.D)why poor people, who cant afford appliances, dont use birth control .Feedback: Incorrect

12、. The correct answer is nothing about causality.11INCORRECTA correlational design tells usA)that variable A causes variable B.B)that variable B causes variable A.C)the relationship between two variables.D)that when variable A increases variable B must decrease.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer

13、 is the relationship between two variables.12INCORRECTIf every person in a population has an equal chance of being selected for a study, the researchers are using a _ method of selection.A)representative.B)random.C)communal.D)cross-cultural.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is random.13INCORRE

14、CTIf White Americans make up 50 percent of the population, random sampling should yield roughly _ percent White Americans in the experimental sample.A)50B)75C)100D)0Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is 50 percent.14INCORRECTResearchers examined the effects of the number of bystanders on people

15、s likelihood of helping a stranger in distress. Either alone or in the company of others, a subject witnessed an individual in need of help. Researchers then measured how likely the subject was to help the distressed individual. In this example, the number of bystanders would be theA)independent var

16、iable.B)dependent variable.C)random variable.D)confounding variable.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is independent variable.15INCORRECTResearchers were interested in the relationship between the amount of violenttelevision programs watched and observable acts of aggressive behavior by childr

17、en towards others. They separated subjects into three groups: Group One watched 5 hours a week of violent programs; Group Two watched 10 hours a week of violent programming; and Group Three watched 15 hours of violent television shows. Researchers then polled the parents or teachers on the childrens

18、 observable aggressive behavior. In this example, aggressive behavior would be theA)independent variable.B)dependent variable.C)random variable.D)confounding variable.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is dependent variable.16INCORRECTIt has been found that children who have encyclopedias in th

19、eir homes get better grades in school than children without encyclopedias. Can you conclude that using an encyclopedia makes children do better in school?A)yes, this is an experimental study and encyclopedias are the independent variable.B)yes, this is a correlational study and the correlation is a

20、strong positive one.C)no, this is a correlational study; something other than encyclopedias might help grades.D)no, this is an experiment but there is no control group.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is no, this is a correlational study; something other than encyclopedias might help grades17

21、CORRECTAn investigator who wishes to study the attitudes of people in Illinois selects 1,000 people in Illinois, taking care that the percentages of male and female, Black and White, young and old are the same in the sample as in states total population. What kind of sample is the investigator tryin

22、g to obtain?A)an independent sample.B)a dependent sample.C)a random sample.D)a representative sample.Feedback: Correct窗體頂端 EMBED Forms.HTML:Hidden.1 EMBED Forms.HTML:Hidden.1 EMBED Forms.HTML:Hidden.1 Chapter 2The Self in a Social WorldThe correct answer for each question is indicated by a . 1CORREC

23、TWhether you dream about becoming rich, thin, successful, loved, or famous, or you fear becoming a failure, you are imagining yourA)possible selves.B)self-concept.C)self-schema.D)realized-self.Feedback: Correct.2INCORRECTI ask you to describe who you are and you tell me your sex, age, political pref

24、erence, personality traits, and other information you think is relevant. You are describing yourA)possible selves.B)self-concept.C)self-schema.D)realized-self.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is self-concept.3INCORRECTMinority groups often define themselves by paying attention toA)similaritie

25、s between themselves and the majority group.B)the way they are presented in the media as a sole guide to their identity.C)differences between themselves and the majority group.D)the similarities they have with other minority groups.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is differences between thems

26、elves and the majority group.4INCORRECTWhen you walk into a restaurant and everyone in the room lookswell, homely, if not uglyyou feel better about yourself and attractive. This is due toA)your conceit.B)social identity.C)self-reference effect.D)social comparison effect.Feedback: Incorrect. The corr

27、ect answer is social comparison effect.5INCORRECTYou left high school with a 3.8 GPA and have always believed you were much smarter than the average bear. Now you are in a college where everyone had a 3.8 GPA in high school and great SAT scores. Suddenly you are struggling to keep up with the pack a

28、nd feel less and less intelligent as the semesters go by. This is due toA)social identity.B)the social comparison effect.C)self-reference effects.D)the looking-glass self phenomenon.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is thesocial comparison effect.6INCORRECTWestern cultures are _ whereas Easter

29、n cultures tend to be _.A)collectivistic; individualistic.B)group oriented; self oriented.C)socially oriented; materialistic.D)individualistic; collectivistic.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is Western cultures are individualistic and Eastern cultures are collectivistic.7CORRECTBritish, Amer

30、icans, and Australians are _ likely to complete I am statements with their group identities.A)less.B)more.C)rarely.D)very likely.Feedback: Correct.8INCORRECTSelf-esteem in which culture is more likely tied to how others perceive both ones self and ones group?A)Australian.B)American.C)Korean.D)Englis

31、h.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is Korean.9INCORRECTHow competent and effective you believe yourself to be is yourA)self-esteem.B)self-monitoring.C)self-efficacy.D)self-concept.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is self-efficacy.10INCORRECTHigh self-efficacy leads one to beA)more like

32、ly to use drugs.B)less successful.C)more likely to give up.D)more persistent.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is more persistent.11CORRECTYou are taking chemistry next semester and you feel you will fail. After the first three quizzes, however, you are getting an A in the class. Chances are,

33、by the end of the semester your sense of _ will increase.A)self-efficacy.B)self-concept.C)self-monitoring.D)self-esteem.Feedback: Correct.12INCORRECTThe extent to which people believe either internal or external events determine outcomes is calledA)external/internal orientation.B)locus of control.C)

34、an interdependent sense of self.D)an independent sense of self.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is locus of control.13INCORRECTPeople in Florida know that hurricanes happen often during the hurricane season. For this reason, at the beginning of the hurricane season they buy supplies to make s

35、ure they can protect their property and families. This planning and preparedness illustratesA)an external locus of control.B)high self-monitoring.C)high self-efficacy.D)an internal locus of control.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is an internal locus of control.14CORRECTSometimes I feel like

36、 I dont have control over the direction my life is taking. This statement is most likely to be made byA)someone with an external locus of control.B)someone with high self-efficacy.C)someone with an independent self.D)someone with an internal locus of control.Feedback: Correct.15INCORRECTOften an ext

37、ernal locus of control can lead toA)unrealistic optimism.B)learned helplessness.C)a self-serving bias.D)an increase in self-monitoring.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is learned helplessness.16INCORRECTOftentimes individuals who are hard on their luck and on welfare seem to give up, feeling

38、like there is nothing they can do. This illustratesA)unrealistic optimism.B)a self-serving bias.C)learned helplessness.D)an increase in self-monitoring.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is learned helplessness.17INCORRECTAfter you receive an A on a test you explain that you studied hard and de

39、served it. Yet after you fail the next test, you explain that you failed because you were out partying the night before, your roommate woke you up early, you felt sick, etc. This is an example ofA)high self-monitoring.B)the actor/observer effect.C)the fundamental attribution error.D)the self-serving

40、 bias.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is the self-serving bias.18CORRECTThe tendency to perceive oneself favorably isA)the self-serving bias.B)high self-monitoring.C)the actor/observer effect.D)the fundamental attribution error.Feedback: Correct.19INCORRECTPeople who act like social chameleo

41、nsthose who seem to change behavior and attitudes to fit every situation theyre inare generally consideredA)low self-monitors.B)high self-monitors.C)to be using the self-serving bias.D)high in self-efficacy.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is high self-monitors.Chapter 3Social Beliefs and Jud

42、gementsThe correct answer for each question is indicated by a . 1CORRECTAbbey has found that males are likely to attribute a womans friendliness to an expression of sexual interest. Women report this is a(n)A)misattribution.B)suspicious schema.C)hostile attributional bias.D)sign of lower intelligenc

43、e.Feedback: Correct.2INCORRECTIf someone in your dormitory is mean to you, but you notice that he or she appears to be mean to everyone else as well, Kelley would explain that persons behavior in terms ofA)consistency.B)consensus.C)distinctiveness.D)correspondedness.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct

44、answer is distinctiveness.3INCORRECTYour friend just took a new job. She meets you for drinks after her first week on the job and complains about her boss. This surprises you because youve never heard her complain about a boss before, and she rarely complains in general. Kelley argues that this info

45、rmation helps us explain her behavior because her behavior toward her boss isA)consistent.B)consensus.C)correspondent.D)distinctive.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is distinctive.4INCORRECTA student is told to give a speech in favor of the death penalty. After the speech, the class is inform

46、ed that the speaker was told to present only that side (in favor) of the issue. Even so, the class overwhelmingly believes that the speaker believes in the death penalty. This illustratesA)the actor/observer effect.B)the self-serving bias.C)the fundamental attribution error.D)correspondence.Feedback

47、: Incorrect. The correct answer is the fundamental attribution error.5INCORRECTIf as a juror you watch a videotaped confession where the camera is focused on the detective, you are more likely to perceive the confession as coerced. This is due toA)the fundamental attribution error.B)the actor/observ

48、er effect.C)the self-serving bias.D)the suspicious schema.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is the actor/observer effect.6INCORRECTPeople are less inclined to help those on welfare because ofA)the suspicion schema.B)the actor/observer effect.C)the self-serving bias.D)the fundamental attribution error.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is the fundamental attribution error.7INCORRECTResearchers have found that people remember their past relationships and experiences far more favorably af