初高中英語銜接--句子成分與句子分析(共4頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初高中英語銜接-句子成分與句子分析一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many ph

2、otos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.總結(jié)：句子成分 句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)。現(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。英語的基本成分有八種：_ 、謂語、_ 、賓語 、_ 和狀語 、_

3、和 同位語 。主 語（subject）二、找出下列句子的主語并說明由什么詞充當(dāng)1.Walls have ears. 2. He will take you to the hospital. 3.Three plus four equals seven. 4.To see is to believe. 5.Smoking is not allowed in public places. 6.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 7.To learn English well is very important.總結(jié)： 1.主語

4、是句子所要說明的人或事物表示句子所說的是”什么人”或”什么事物”,是句子的主體。2.主語的位置通常_，一般不省略.(但要注意there be結(jié)構(gòu),祈使句和疑問句)3.可以擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式(it作形式主語)、動詞ing和主語從句。 謂語動詞（predicate verb）三、找出下列句子的謂語1. These boys like swimming. 2. I wrote a letter just now.3. Mary runs very fast.4. Those people are talking.5. We can swim.6. They dont want

5、to have a picnic.7. He stood up and walked towards me.總結(jié)： 位置：_之后 可以充當(dāng)謂語的有：實(shí)義動詞/系動詞 說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)的句子成分,說明主語”干什么,是什么或怎么樣”. 句子必有謂語. 謂語動詞的位置一般在_之后。 謂語動詞由a)實(shí)義動詞或系動詞擔(dān)任b)助動詞或情態(tài)動詞加其他動詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語動詞。表語（predicative） 四、找出下列句子的表語1. My father is a professor. 2. Who's that? It's me. 3. Everything here is dear

6、 to her. 4. The match became very exciting. 5. The story of my life may be of help to others.6. Three times five is fifteen. 7. His plan is to seek work in the city.8. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 總結(jié)：表語（predicative）是用來說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)的，它的位置在_之后主要說明主語 “是什么或怎么樣”.可作表語的有名詞、代詞、形容詞與分

7、詞、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式、介詞短語、副詞以及表語從句等。什么是系動詞？1、本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨(dú)立做謂語,必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語.2、系動詞不用被動語態(tài).系動詞的分類 be (最基本的系動詞) “感覺和知覺”類 :look(看起來);feel(摸起來); sound(聽起來); taste(嘗起來); smell(聞起來) “似乎”類: appear(好象;顯得); seem(似乎) “變成”類:become; grow; get turn; fall;go “仍然”類:remain; stay; keep; continue “結(jié)果”類: prove; turn out賓語（object）

8、五、找出下列句子的賓語1. She covered her face with her hands.2. We havent seen her for a long time.3. Do you mind opening the window? 4. Give me four please.5. He wants to dream a nice dream.6. We need to know what others are doing. 7. I lived in Japan in 1986.總結(jié)： 賓語（object）表示動作行為的對象，是動作的承受者。 賓語一般放在_之后,和及物動詞一起

9、說明主語做什么. 英語介詞后也會跟賓語。 可作賓語的有名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動名詞等。不定式也可作及物動詞的賓語。定語（attribute）六、找出下列句子的定語 They are women workers. Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. Equal pay for equal work should be introduced. The play has three acts. This is her first trip to Europe. China is a developing country. You

10、 haven't kept your promise to write us often. My cat has a good nose for milk. 總結(jié)：1.定語（attribute）是修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或句子。2.單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前；短語和從句作定語時(shí)則放在它所修飾的名詞之后。3.作定語的有名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、分詞及其短語、不定式及其短語、介詞短語以及定語從句等。狀語（adverbial）七、找出下列句子的狀語1. These products are selling quickly. 2. He is1.83metres tall. 3. The

11、 best fish swim near the bottom. 4. She sat there doing nothing. 5. We'll send a car over to fetch you. 6. She was too slow to make up her mind. 7.Strike while the iron is hot. 總結(jié)：1.狀語（adverbial）是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分。2.狀語表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。3.作狀語的有副詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞及其短語、動詞不定式及其短語、狀語從句等。賓語

12、補(bǔ)足語（object complement）八、找出下列句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語1.They elected me captain of the team. 2.He made me ashamed of myself. 3.We found everything there in good order. 4.I should advise you not to miss the chance. 5.I could feel my heart beating fast. 6.Some goods are left unsold. 7.She was elected director of public

13、 relations. 總結(jié)： 1.英語有些及物動詞，除了要有賓語之外，還要加上賓語補(bǔ)足語（object complement），才能使句子的意義完整。2.賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。3.如果上述結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動語態(tài)，原賓語成為主語，原賓語補(bǔ)足語相應(yīng)地變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語4.可以擔(dān)當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語的有名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞等。 同位語(The Appositive）九、找出下列句子的同位語1.We have two children, a boy and a girl.2.They all wanted to see him.3.They two went, and we three s

14、tayed .4.The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.5.The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.6.I met my new teacher Miss Green this morning. Beijing ,the capital of China , will hold the 2008 Olympics.He can speak two foreign languages, French and English. They each have

15、 an apple. We all like him very much. You two seem to know each other.He used the word “ fly ” many times. He told us the fact that he had stolen the bike.總結(jié)：1.同位語(The Appositive）當(dāng)兩個指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個句子成分，2.后者就叫做前者的同位語 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析英語的句子分從結(jié)構(gòu)上分_ 種: _ ;_ ;_.一. 簡單句：一個主語+一個謂語的句子(五個基本句型)簡單句的五種

16、基本句型（1） 主語 + 謂語（S+Vi)He studies (very hard).（2） 主語 + 謂語 + 賓語(S+Vt+O) He bought a book (yesterday).（3） 主語 + 連系動詞 +表語(SVP) This kind of food tastes terrible. （4） 主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語(SVoO) Please show your picture to me.He gives me a nice present.（5） 主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語(SVOC)  He painted the wa

17、ll white. The boss made him do the work (all day). 試用以上五個結(jié)構(gòu)分析以下句子結(jié)構(gòu)：1. Farmers( in our area) grow lots of vegetables.2. The accident happened (yesterday evening).3. Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.4. Keep the children quiet, please.5. Please show me your picture. 二. 并列句：用并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上的分

18、句連接的句子。（1）表示并列關(guān)系：and, not onlybut (also )., neither, nor, neithernorOne day John was late, and his teacher was angry.Not only is your answer right, but also mine is.Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother.（2）. 表示選擇關(guān)系；or, eitherorThe children can go with us, or they can stay in.Either you are mad, or I am.（3）. 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:but, yet, still, whileMary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.She got up early, （and） yet she failed