高考英語閱讀理解核心筆記

1、 .wd.高考英語閱讀理解核心筆記閱讀理解考你什么？“閱讀理解不是考你看完文章之后答出五道題，而是通過五道題看你能否讀懂這篇文章！【閱讀理解文章中的三種信息】1、 有效信息：主題、重點(diǎn)2、 干擾信息：3、 無效信息：非重點(diǎn)【讀懂什么？】1、主題：段、篇2、重點(diǎn)：讀句子讀懂主題和重點(diǎn)，就相當(dāng)于讀懂一篇文章了！因此，閱讀理解=抓主題+找重點(diǎn)！閱讀理解要學(xué)什么？1、 句子a) “三長(zhǎng)兩短一并列i. 在閱讀中：1. 精讀各段首末句讀懂主題2. 精讀由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到的重點(diǎn)信息句讀懂重點(diǎn)ii. 在完型中：精讀每一句！b) “組件分析三步法c) 作業(yè)：徹底讀懂消化120篇文章i. 黑筆：畫括號(hào)、方框、三角

2、ii. 紅筆：圈“掛鉤單詞iii. 橙色熒光：固定搭配 iv. 綠色熒光：生詞2、 段落【定義】“按照一定的邏輯組合在一起的句子的集合。a) 分析句子的功能：i. B：Background 背景ii. T：Topic 主題iii. E：Explanation 解釋iv. E: Example例子v. C: Conclusion 總結(jié)b) “構(gòu)造化閱讀法：最低目標(biāo)：標(biāo)出各段主題句最高目標(biāo)：標(biāo)出各句話的功能BTEEC【注】主題：某句、某段、某文章所指向的對(duì)象主旨：對(duì)于主題的描述3、 篇章a) 記敘文：關(guān)注“時(shí)間詞；“議論句；心情句； 敘事說理敘事抒情b) 說明文：關(guān)注各段主題句i. 從不同方面說明

3、一個(gè)事物ii. 從不同階段說明一個(gè)事物c) 社會(huì)科學(xué)類：i. 社會(huì)現(xiàn)象/社會(huì)問題負(fù)態(tài)度： 個(gè)別一般分析原因建議措施總結(jié)展望ii. 社會(huì)生活片段：各段主題句1. 明確主題：2. 明確態(tài)度：正態(tài)度d) 自然科學(xué)類：i. 【自然現(xiàn)象】假說理論實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論ii. 【科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)】研究對(duì)象研究過程實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論e) 應(yīng)用文廣告：找！4、 題型a) 主旨題i. main idea; purpose; titleii. “先主題，后主旨iii. “假設(shè)法：假設(shè)主旨是該選項(xiàng)，反推原文是否應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣寫；iv. “論點(diǎn)論據(jù)分析法：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，總有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)比擬抽象論點(diǎn)；另外兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)比擬具體論據(jù)；此時(shí)，優(yōu)先排除具體選項(xiàng)，再選擇這兩個(gè)

4、具體選項(xiàng)所支持的抽象選項(xiàng)。 v. 讀：首段首句、首段尾句、每段首句、尾段尾句。b) 細(xì)節(jié)題：找+讀懂一句i. 關(guān)鍵詞原那么：1. 人名、地名、數(shù)字、年代、時(shí)間、日期、大寫；2. 核心名詞；核心動(dòng)詞；形容詞副詞的比擬級(jí)或最高級(jí)ii. 主題一致原那么對(duì)號(hào)入座1. 利用題干主題和段落主題的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，判斷該題應(yīng)該在哪一段。2. “先主題，后細(xì)節(jié)：正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)與段落及篇章主題契合。3. 答題時(shí)，一般不跨越段落尋找答案。iii. 順序一致原那么：1. 題目的先后順序和對(duì)應(yīng)的有效信息在原文中的順序是根本一致的2. 當(dāng)文章段落特別多的時(shí)候，可能有例外。iv. 同義替換原那么：1. 題干關(guān)鍵詞或正確選項(xiàng)是原文句子

5、的“同義替換。2. 純技巧：當(dāng)句子讀不懂時(shí)，選擇跟原文信息“同義替換的選項(xiàng)。5、 選項(xiàng)a) 正確選項(xiàng)：符合主題、同義替換b) 錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)：【閱讀理解七宗罪】重要1) 以偏概全：主旨題2) 偷換概念：原文中的A事物和選項(xiàng)中的A事物含義不同。含有數(shù)字的選項(xiàng)a) 張冠李戴：將文中兩事物的屬性搞混；b) 正反混淆：將原文含義顛倒黑白。c) 無中生有：選項(xiàng)含有與原文無關(guān)的內(nèi)容名、形、動(dòng)、副。 3) 移花接木：跨段落設(shè)置干擾選項(xiàng)。 4) 答非所問+照抄原文*：以原文某句話直接作答，但該句話無法答復(fù)所問的問題。5) 語法變異： a) “修飾詞程度變異； b) “比擬關(guān)系變異； c) “時(shí)態(tài)變異；6) 邏輯變異

6、：a) 因果倒置b) 過度推斷c) 絕對(duì)化不合常識(shí)7) 與主題不符： 選項(xiàng)本身講得很對(duì)，但并不是本文主要討論的內(nèi)容?！究偨Y(jié)】閱讀理解解題步驟：Step1:用“點(diǎn)面結(jié)合法讀文章，了解各段主題；首段首句，首段尾句，每段首句，尾段尾句。-如果首句之后有But；要看but之后的內(nèi)容-如果首句之后有because；要看because之后的內(nèi)容-如果有“自問自答處，問題給主題，答語給主旨 注：主要看名詞，因?yàn)椤昂诵拿~ = 文章主題。 Step2:做細(xì)節(jié)題找+/讀一整句/+對(duì)照+排除找：1、人名、地名、數(shù)字、年代、時(shí)間、日期、大寫字母； 2、核心名詞、核心動(dòng)詞、形容詞副詞的比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)技巧：“順序一致原

7、那么、同義替換原那么Step3:做主旨題假設(shè)法、論點(diǎn)論據(jù)分析法【小技巧】1、 注漢字的地方就是命題教師認(rèn)為不得不讀懂的地方！2、 并列處先不讀；并列處要么不選，要么全選；3、 人名后面的身份不讀；4、 各種“過程不讀；【過渡詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】這里面除了練習(xí)一些過渡詞，還練習(xí)了一些黃金圣衣句型【2005 年湖北卷】 (in fact, in my opinion,for one reason, so, for another reason, therefore)Im very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. Ive

8、 been think-ing about the question you asked me. _, You should come back after you finish your studies abroad. _, what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. _, I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you. _

9、, I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old. I think its a good idea for you to return. _, what are you waiting for?答案：In my opinion, For one reason, In fact, For another reason, Therefore, So【2005 年福建卷】 (in my opinion, it is known to us all,

10、what s more, on the other hand, so, but, instead of )My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations _that some students cheat in examinations at school.As students, we often take examinations at school._, sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. _, some of us are lazy and don

11、t work hard at our lessons. _, when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers. _, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard

12、 _ cheating in examinations._ ,we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.答案：It s known to us all, but, On the other hand, So, In my opinion, instead of, Whats more點(diǎn)評(píng)：這里的on the other hand有點(diǎn)不地道，anyway，這就是中國(guó)高考！【2006 年福建卷】 (as we all know, only in this way, surely, there

13、fore, in my opinion, however, as well as, besides) _, we are what we eat._, it s very important for us to form healthy eating habits. _, bad eating habits are still very common among us students. Some of us often go to school without breakfast; some like to have snacks; some others are particular about food; and still some eat or drink too much. All these bad habits will _do harm to our health. To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit_ main food. _, wed better have meals regularly. _