關(guān)于Al的化學(xué)方程式

1、鋁三角涉及反應(yīng)(1) 2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2(2) 4Al+3O2=2Al2O3(條件:點(diǎn)燃)2Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2Fe(條件:高溫)2Al2O3=4Al+3O2£電解件(4) 2Al+3Cl2=2AlCl3(條件:點(diǎn)燃)2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2T(5) Al2O3+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2O(6) Al2O3+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2O(7) NaAlO2+HCl+H2O=NaCl+Al(OH)3(8) Al(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2O(9) 2Al(OH)3=Al2O3+3H2O(條件:加熱)(

2、10)Al(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O(11)AlCl3+3NH3.H2O=Al(OH)3J+3NH4Cl(12)NaAlO2+4HCl(過)=A1C13+NaCl+2H2O(13)A1C13+3NaA1O2+6H2O=4A1(OH)3，+3NaC1(14)A12(SO4)3+6NaHCO3=2A1(OH)3，+3Na2SO4+6CO2T(15)2NaA1O2+CO2(少量)+3H2O=2A1(OH)3a2CO3(16)NaA1O2+CO2(過量)+2H2O=A1(OH)3J+NaHCO3離子方程式：1 A13+3OH-=A1(OH)3:2 A1(OH)3+3H+=A13+3H2

3、O3 A1(OH)3+OH-=A1O2-+2H2O4 A1O2-+H+H2O=A1(OH)3J5 A13+4OH-=A1O2-+2H2O6 A1O2-+4H+=A13+2H2O2A1+3O2=2A12O3點(diǎn)燃2A1+3C12=2A1C13點(diǎn)燃2A1+3Br2=2A1Br32Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H22Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2Fe高溫4Al+3MnO2=2Al2O3+3Mn高溫2Al+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)2+3H22Al+6HCl=3AlCl3+3H24Al2O3=4Al+3O2通電Al2O3+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+3H2OAl2O3+2Na

4、OH=2NaAlO2+H2OAl(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2OAl(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2OAl2(SO4)3+6NH3.H2O=2Al(OH)3+3(NH4)2SO42Al(OH)3=Al2O3+3H2OANaAlO2+CO2+2H2O=NaHCO3+Al(OH)3NaAlO2+4HCl=AlCl3+2H2ONaAlO2 +HCl +H2O =NaCl +Al(OH)3NaAlO2+NaHCO3+H2O=Na2CO3+Al(OH)3AlCl3+3NaAlO2+6H2O=4Al(OH)3+3NaClAl2(SO4)3+6NaHCO3=2Al(OH)3+6CO2+H

5、2O+3Na2SO4注：NaAlO2有的版本寫為：NaAl(OH)4;生成物有氣體而反應(yīng)物無氣體的要標(biāo)上氣標(biāo)。也很好改寫，需注意的是A12O3、Al、氣體等難溶物不能拆成離子形式參考資料：部分修改自百度貼吧【鋁三角】 A1C13->Al(OH)3A1C13+3NaOH=Al(OH)3；+3NaClAl(3+)+3OH-=Al(OH)3J Al(OH)3->A1C13Al(OH)3+3HCl=A1C13+3H2OAl(OH)3+3H+=Al(3+)+3H2O Al(OH)3->NaAlO2AI(0H)3+NaOH=NaAIO2+H2OAI(OH)3+OH-=AIO2(-)+H2

6、O NaAIO2->AI(OH)3NaAIO2+HCI+H2O=NaCI+AI(OH)3，AIO2(-)+H+H2O=AI(OH)3JAI(OH)3->AI2O3AI(OH)3=(加熱尸=AI2O3+H2O(注:條件為“加熱"或)(本反應(yīng)不是在溶液中進(jìn)行，無離子方程式)AI2O3->AICI32AI2O3+6HCI=2AICI3+3H2O2AI2O3+6H+=2AI(3+)+3H2OA12O3->NaAlO22NaOH+A12O3=2NaA1O2+H2O2OH-+A12O3=2A1O2(-)+H2O A1C13->NaA1O2A1C13+4NaOH=Na

7、A1O2+3NaC1+2H2OA1(3+)+4OH-=A1O2(-)+2H2O NaA1O2->A1C13NaA1O2+4HC1=A1C13+NaC1+2H2OA1O2(-)+4H+=A1(3+)+2H2O1鈉在空氣中放置4Na+O2=2Na2O2 .鈉在空氣中點(diǎn)燃2Na+O2=Na2O23 .鈉和硫反應(yīng)2Na+S=Na2S4 .鈉和水反應(yīng)2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2T5 .鈉和硫酸銅溶液反應(yīng)2Na+CuSO4+2H2O=Cu(OH)2；+Na2SO4 +H2 T6 .鈉和乙醇反應(yīng)2Na+2CH3CH2OH=2CH3CH2ONa+H2T7 .氧化鈉和水反應(yīng)Na2O+H2O=2NaO

8、H8 .氧化鈉和二氧化碳反應(yīng)Na2O+CO2=Na2CO39 .氧化鈉和鹽酸反應(yīng)Na2O+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O10過氧化鈉和水反應(yīng)2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2T11過氧化鈉和二氧化碳反應(yīng)2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O212過氧化鈉和鹽酸反應(yīng)2Na2O2+4HCl=4NaCl+2H2O+O2T13 .碳酸氫鈉受熱分解2NaHCO3Na2CO3+CO2T+H2O14碳酸鈉和鹽酸反應(yīng)Na2CO3+2HC1=2NaCl+CO2T+H2ONa2CO3+HCl=NaCl+NaHCO315碳酸氫鈉和鹽酸反應(yīng)NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+CO2T+H2O16碳酸鈉和氫氧化鈣反

9、應(yīng)Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3；+2NaOH17 .碳酸氫鈉和氫氧化鈉反應(yīng)NaHCO3+NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O18碳酸氫鈉和氫氧化鈣反應(yīng)2NaHCO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3；+Na2CO3+2H2ONaHCO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3；+NaOH+H2O1 鋁與鹽酸：2AL+6HCL=2ALCL3+3H2氣體2 .鋁與硫酸：2AL+3H2SO4=AL2(SO4)3+3H2氣體3 .鋁與氫氧化鈉：2Al+2NaOH+H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2氣體4 .氫氧化鋁加熱分2Al(OH)3=(加熱)A12O3+H2O5 .硫酸鋁與氨水：Al2(SO4)3+6NH3.H2

10、O=2Al(OH)3沉淀+3(NH4)2SO46 .氧化鋁與鹽酸：A12O3+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2O7 .氧化鋁與氫氧化鈉：Al2O3+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2O8 .氯化鋁與氫氧化鈉：AlCl3+3NaOH=Al(OH)3沉淀+3NaCl9 .氫氧化鋁與氫氧化鈉：Al(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2O10 .氯化鋁與氫氧化鈉：AlCl3+4NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2O11偏鋁酸鈉與鹽酸：NaAlO2+HCl+H2O=Al(OH)3沉淀+NaCl12 .氫氧化鈉與鹽酸：Al(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O13偏鋁酸鈉與鹽酸：NaAlO2+4HCl=Al

11、Cl3+2H2O與酸反應(yīng)2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2T2Al+3H2SO4(稀)=Al2(SO4)3+3H2TAl+6HNO3(濃)=A=Al(NO3)3+3NO2T+3H2OAl+4HNO3(稀)=Al(NO3)3+NOT+2H2O8Al+30HNO3(較稀)=8Al(NO3)3+3N2OT+15H2O8Al+30HNO3(極稀)=8Al(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2O6CH3COOH+2Al=2Al(CH3COO)3+3H2T與堿反應(yīng)2Al+2NaOH+6H2O=2NaAl(OH)4+3H2T或(2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2T)與非金屬反應(yīng)4Al+3

12、O2=2Al2O3（點(diǎn)燃）2A1+3C12=2A1C13（點(diǎn)燃）2A1+3S=A12S3（力口熱）鋁熱反應(yīng)2A1+Fe2O3=高溫=A12O3+2Fe（鋁熱反應(yīng)）8A1+Fe3O4=高溫=4A12O3+9Fe與水反應(yīng)2A1+6H2O（沸水）=A=2A1（OH）3+3H2TA1單質(zhì)4A1+3O2=2A12O32A12O3+6H2O=2A1（OH）3；2A1+6HC1=2A1C13+3H2T2A1+3H2SO4=A12SO43+3H2T2A1+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaA1O2+3H2T2A1+Fe2O3=2Fe+A12O3A12O3兩性氧化物與硫酸反應(yīng)A12O3+3H2SO4=A12(SO4)3+3H2O與氫氧化鈉A12O3+2NaOH=2NaA1O2+H2O離子方程式A12O3+2OH-=2A1O2-+H2OA1(OH)3兩性氫氧化物A1(OH)3+3HC1=3A1C13+3H2OA1(OH)3+NaOH=NaA1O2+2H2O離子反應(yīng)：A1(OH)3+OH-=A1O2-+2H2O受熱分解2A1(OH)3=A12O3+3H2O明磯：十二水合硫酸鋁鉀KA1(SO4)212H2O§于水，溶于水后顯酸性，是因?yàn)锳13+3H2O=AL(OH)3+3H+NaA1O2NaA1O2+HC1(少