高三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)備課講稿

1、高三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞重要句式歸納一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞重要句式歸納1. I am pleased _(hear) that you are coming to Beijing. 2. I think it possible _(finish) the work this week.3. The question is too difficult _ (answer).4. The boy is not old enough _ (go) to school. to hear to finish to answer to go5. Its kind _(you, help) me.6. It

2、s important _(you, learn) English well.7. It took me about three hours _ (finish) my homework yesterday.8. I spent about three hours _ (finish) my homework yesterday.9. _(When and where, hold) the meeting hasnt been decided yet. of you to help for you to learn to finish (in) finishing When and where

3、 to hold10. Why not _(consider, go ) there by bike?11. I heard her _(sing) a song when I passed her room.12. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from _(blow) the earth away.13. What (How) about _(play) basketball after school?14. The trees need _/ _(water).15. I have to get my bike _(repair). co

4、nsider goingsinging blowingplayingwateringto be wateredrepaired16. I wont / cant have him _(get) away with _(tell) people lies.16. Robert is said _ (go) abroad , but I dont know what country he studied in .17. Wed rather _(stay) at home. Wed rather you _(stay) at home. Look, how sad he is. Id rather

5、 you _(not, tell) him the truth. Id rather walk than _(take) a bus. / Id walk rather than _(take) a bus.gettingtellingto have gonestaystayedhadnt toldtaketake18. He prefers to read rather than _ (watch) television. He prefers swimming to _(ride) as a sport.19. Is this the way youve thought of _(make

6、) the water clean. 20. Sandy could do nothing but _ (admit) to his mother that he was wrong. Sandy had no choice / alternative but _ (admit) to his mother that he was wrong. watchridingto makeadmitto admit21. We are looking forward to _(hear) from you. 22. I worked so late in the office last night t

7、hat I hardly had time _ (catch) the last bus.23. Youve made great progress in your studies of English, havent you? Yes, but much remains _（do）.hearingto catchto be done24. _(consider) his age, the little boy read quite well.25. He cant help/ resist _(show) off his new car. (can not help but do /can

8、not but do忍不?。徊坏貌?26. It is no use/ good / help _(cry).27. They had great fun/ a great time _ (play) in the water.28. You cant imagine what great trouble she had _(bring) up the four children.Consideringshowingcryingplaying(in) bringing29. There is no use _(cry) over spilt milk(Theres no use / point

9、 / sense)30. There is no _(know) what may happen. (There is no denying that )31. _ (give) blood if you can and many lives will be saved. 32. My watch is nowhere _ (find). I must have dropped it when I was on the bus cryingknowingGiveto be found二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式：二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式：(以動(dòng)詞以動(dòng)詞do為例為例)不定式： 一般式 _ 一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

10、_ 完成式_ 完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) _ 進(jìn)行式_ to doto be doneto have doneto have been doneto be doing 現(xiàn)在分詞： 一般式：_ 一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) _ 完成式_ 完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) _ 過(guò)去分詞：_doingbeing donehaving donehaving been donedone 動(dòng)名詞： 一般式：_ 一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) _ 完成式_ 完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) _ doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式：not置于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的最前面。1Hes said _ (study) abr

11、oad, but I dont know what country he studied in. Hes said _ (study) abroad, but I dont know what country he will study in. Hes said _ (study) abroad, but I dont know what country he is studying in.to have studiedto studyto be studying2_ how to work out the problem, he turned to the teacher for help.

12、 A. Having not knownB. Not having known C. Never having knownD. Not to know3Mr. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never driveB/CA4Weve never thought of _by the university. A. he not being accepted B. his not being accepted C. not his

13、being acceptedB三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的做題原則：三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的做題原則：考慮與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，過(guò)去分詞，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在主謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用完成式，若與主謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生，則應(yīng)用一般式或不定式的進(jìn)行體。不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在主謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后。1Its said that the Olympic Games _ in Japan will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C.

14、held D. to be holding2_ all my letters, I had a drink and went out. A. Finished B. Having finished C. Finishing D. To finishBB3_ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out. A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. To taste4The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to

15、 the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smeltCB5_that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain A. Having told B. Having been told C. Tell D. Telling6_ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive

16、 to Florida A. Discovering B. To discover C. To have discovered D. DiscoveredBA7 Did you enjoy yourself last night? Its very nice of you. I appreciated _ to the party A. to be invited B. to have invited C. being invited D. having been invited9_with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean doe

17、s not seem big at all . A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When comparedC/ DD四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中充當(dāng)不同成四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中充當(dāng)不同成分的比較：分的比較：1不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 1）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作；通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。而不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作，常用來(lái)表示一件未完成的事或目的。 _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk

18、_(teach) the three children is my job this afternoon. _(drive) a car during the rush hour is tiring BTo teachDriving2）常用it作形式主語(yǔ)的句式： It is no use / no good + doing sth. / to do sth. It is + adj. + (for / of sb) to do It takes sb. some time to do sth. It takes sth. to do sth. It is a waste of time / m

19、oney doing / to do sth.3) 動(dòng)名詞的完成式不做主語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用一般式替換。He was accused of having stolen / stealing the car.2. 不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表示抽象的一般性的行為。兩者都是解釋主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。分詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)。His wish is _(buy) a luxurious car in the near future What I would suggest is _(start) work at once.His hob

20、by is _(collect) stamps to buyto startcollectingTraveling is _(interest) but _(tire) They were very _(excite) at the news All she wants to do is _(go) shopping. interestingtiringexcited(to) go3不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 1) 有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ): acknowledge /admit承認(rèn)advocate提倡，主張appreciate 感激，欣賞avoid避免cant help/ cant re

21、sist 忍不住consider 考慮dislike不喜歡，討厭delay拖延deny否認(rèn) enjoy享有，喜愛(ài) escape逃避 excuse / forgive原諒 finish完成 fancy幻想，愛(ài)好imagine設(shè)想involve卷入，包含 keep保持 mind 介意miss錯(cuò)過(guò)postpone延遲，延期 practise 練習(xí) quit放棄；停止 risk冒險(xiǎn)suggest建議 tolerate忍受（stand/ bear） permit / allow / forbid / advise sb. to do sth.; permit / allow / forbid / adv

22、ise doing sth. 下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后也只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)： feel like doing sth. / would like to do sth. 想要做某事；insist on / upon; what / how about; put off; look forward to; devote to; get / be used to = get / be accustomed to; adapt to = adjust to; get down to/ settle down to; pay attention to; object to; contribute to;succe

23、ed in等。2) 有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的差別： forget / remember / stop / try / regret/ mean /go on / Dont forget _(post) the letter for me!I remember _（see）the man before，but I cant remember where. I regret _(not, apologize ) to her at that time. to postseeing/ having seennot having apologized/ apologizingI reg

24、ret _(inform) you that you didnt pass the driving test.After discussing the economy, the minister then went on _(talk) about foreign policy. Missing the bus means _(wait) for another hour.Lets try _(do) the work some other wayto inform to talkwaitingdoing 3) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為；+do

25、ing sth 表示抽象，習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；如果這些動(dòng)詞前有should/ would，其后賓語(yǔ)只跟不定式。4) need/ want/ require/deserve doing / to be done My car wants _/ _(repair). Everyone deserves _/ _(respect).repairingto be repairedrespectingto be respected5) 接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)均可，且沒(méi)有大的區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞有：start, begin, continue等。6) 動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作賓語(yǔ)，如帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要先用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將該

26、不定式后置。 think / consider / find / feel / make + it + adj. / n + to do sth. I find it hard _(與他相處). He makes it a rule _(早起).7) 疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞 + 不定式常常用作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如： I dont know _(去哪兒度假). （spend）to get along with himto get up earlywhere to spend the holiday.4不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 1)一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作

27、之后；現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。 He will attend the meeting _(舉行) tomorrow. (hold) The library _(修建) now will be open to the public. The bridge _(修建) three years ago is named after his father. to be heldbeing builtbuiltMost of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.

28、A. invited B. to invite C. being invitedD. having been invited2) 不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語(yǔ)，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，這里的介詞不能省去。 I need a pen _(寫(xiě)字)（write）There is nothing _(擔(dān)心)(worry)Ato write withto worry about3）被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或the only, the very等限定詞時(shí)候，只能用不定式。 He is always the first _ (come) and the last _

29、(leave) He is the only / best / very person _ (do) the job.to cometo leaveto do 4）如果其動(dòng)詞要求用不定式做賓語(yǔ)，或者其形容詞要接不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，則相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語(yǔ)。如：ability/ effort / ambition/ failure / intention / decision / promise / tendency / wish等。 His wish _(上大學(xué)) came true（go） Their decision_(放棄) the experiment surprised us（giv

30、e） to go to universityto give up5) 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)是表示正在進(jìn)行，且有主動(dòng)（doing），被動(dòng)（being done）兩種形式；過(guò)去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)表完成。 He rushed into the _(burn) house The room _(face) south is our classroom He is not interested in the subject _(正在討論的). (discuss) The meeting _(舉行) just now was boring. (hold)burningfacing being discussedh

31、eld6）少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞也以過(guò)去分詞形式做定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，但不具有被動(dòng)意義。 His watch is gone./ fallen leaves / retired workers7) 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)說(shuō)明名詞的功能用途。 如：a sleeping car / a walking stickhe5不定式和分詞作賓補(bǔ) 1）分析賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系 現(xiàn)在分詞、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 過(guò)去分詞、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _(hear).We should keep them _(inform)

32、of what is going on here.I was sleeping when I heard someone _(call) my name/ my name _(call).ardinformedcallingcalled2)使役動(dòng)詞 have / get+ 賓語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞”的幾種含義 意為“主語(yǔ)請(qǐng)別人做某事”。 Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentists.He wants to _(檢查眼睛) tomorrow. (examine)Youd better go and _(洗一洗你的車(chē)).No, Ill do it myse

33、lf. (wash)have/ get his eyes examinedget / have your car washed意為“主語(yǔ)遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測(cè)的事情”。 Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt. 當(dāng)心, 否則會(huì)弄傷手的。 He _(錢(qián)包被偷了) on the way home. （steal） 意為“使完成某事”，事情既可以是別人做完，也可以由主語(yǔ)參與完成。 He had all the spelling mistakes corrected. He had ten thousand yuan saved last year.ha

34、d his wallet stolen3) 表感官的動(dòng)詞后現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞與不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： 四看：see /watch /notice /observe /look at兩聽(tīng)：hear/ listen to一覺(jué)：feel I saw him _(下了) the bus.（get） I saw him _(被撞倒) by a car. （knock） I saw him _(坐在地板上) just now. （sit） 過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，但 (to) do強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程-ing強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行g(shù)et offknocked downsitting4) 表示“意欲”的動(dòng)詞如:

35、like, want, wish + sth. + （to be）done I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible. Id like the door _(漆成紅色). （paint） He didnt want such question _(被討論) at the meeting.（discuss）(to be ) painted red(to be ) discussed5) “with 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語(yǔ)，或者做定語(yǔ)。The teacher came in , with a

36、book in his hand/ book in hand. (介詞短語(yǔ))She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.（介詞短語(yǔ)） 她含著眼淚說(shuō)了聲再見(jiàn)He is used to sleeping with the window open/ closed. (形容詞)He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.（副詞） 他和衣躺在床上。With _(Tom領(lǐng)路), we got to the village smoothly. (lead)With his new book _(come) out, h

37、e will go to different cities. The prisoner was brought in with his hands _(tie) behind. He lay on his back with his hands _(cross) under his head, his eyes _(look) at the ceiling.With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly- elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to set

38、tle D. being settled Tom leading the wayto come outtiedcrossed lookingC6) 注意seat, dress, hide等習(xí)慣接反身代詞的動(dòng)詞的用法The great hall was crowded with many people, including many children seated on their parents laps.I found a lot of people _(坐在教室的后面). （seat）_(穿著紅色的衣服), she stood out from the other girls. seate

39、d at the back of the classroomDressed in red6不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 1) 不定式常常作目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。不定式位于句首只表目的。分詞可作時(shí)間，條件，原因，方式，伴隨，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 _(完成) his homework, he went to play basketball. (finish) He wrote letters to his friends, _(邀請(qǐng)他們參加) his wedding. (invite) Tom kept quiet about the accident _(為了不丟掉) his job.（lose）H

40、aving finishedinviting them to attend(in order) not to lose _(sleep) late, he turned off the alarm. How pleased I am _(meet) you here!His family was too poor _(support) himThe boy is not tall enough _(reach) the book shelf.He hurried to the school, only _(發(fā)現(xiàn)) there was nobody. (find) The bus hit a b

41、ig tree, _(kill) two passengers.All these gifts must be mailed immediately in time_for Christmas. (receive)To sleepto meetto support to reachto findkillingso as to be received. 2) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)在主謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前完成，需要用完成式。 _(give) more attention, the

42、trees could have grown better. He went out _(shut) the door behind him. _(catch) the early bus, he got up early. _(experience) earthquakes before, I wasnt frightened. GivenshuttingTo catchHaving experienced3) be lost in / be absorbed in / be buried in / be worried about/ be faced with / be surprised

43、 at等短語(yǔ)，如果作狀語(yǔ)，直接用過(guò)去分詞。 _(face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. _(擔(dān)心) her childrens safety, she couldnt fall asleep. (worry) _(陷入沉思)，he almost knocked into a passing car. (lose)FacedWorried aboutLost in thought五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)1. I find your question _(很難回答). (answer)2. I am busy this morn

44、ing, for I have a lot of letters _(要打印). (type)3. I will do some washing this afternoon. Do you have any clothes _(要洗)？（wash）4. This museum is _(值得參觀). (worth)difficult to answerto typeto be washedworth visiting六、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)以及分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1. _(考慮到他的年齡)，he did a very good job. (consider)2. His wife was seriously ill, and _(使情況更糟的是)，he lost his job. (matter)3. China got 28 gold medals in the 28th Olympics, 20 of _ won by women.4.