高考英語動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)

1、高考英語動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)基礎(chǔ) 一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 時態(tài)的分類時態(tài)的分類 一共分一共分16種時態(tài)種時態(tài): 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時/過去時過去時/將來時將來時/過去將來時過去將來時, 現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在/過去過去/將來將來 /過去將來進(jìn)行時過去將來進(jìn)行時, 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在/過去過去/將來將來/過去將來過去將來完成時完成時, 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在/過去過去/將來將來/過去將來完成進(jìn)行過去將來完成進(jìn)行時時. 用法用法 (一一). 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 1. 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作Do you go to school on Saturdays?As soon as he earns any money,

2、 he spends it. 2. 現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài) He loves swimming in the lake. 3. 真理真理 The moon moves around the earth. 4. 代替將來時代替將來時 What time does the train leave to Shanghai? Is there anything interesting on TV tonight? Our holidays begin in a week. *只限于少數(shù)動詞只限于少數(shù)動詞: begin, start, come, go, leave, sail, arrive

3、, return, end, stop, depart, open, close, be(其中大部分是瞬間動詞其中大部分是瞬間動詞, 句中往往有表示句中往往有表示將來的時間狀語將來的時間狀語) *另外另外, 在時間或條件從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將在時間或條件從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來來(主將從現(xiàn)主將從現(xiàn)), 對以對以when或或if等開始的名詞性從句等開始的名詞性從句或定語從句不適合或定語從句不適合. Once the rain stops, we will leave. I will wait here until they come. I dont know when he will c

4、ome. The question is when well start tomorrow. There will come a day when the people of the whole country will live a happy life. 5. 在電影說明或劇情介紹中在電影說明或劇情介紹中, 新聞標(biāo)題或小新聞標(biāo)題或小說章節(jié)題目中說章節(jié)題目中, 電視解說詞電視解說詞, 舞臺動作說明舞臺動作說明中用一般現(xiàn)在時中用一般現(xiàn)在時. 6. 表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài). Here comes the bus! There goes the bel

5、l! (二二). 一般過去時一般過去時 1.敘述過去的習(xí)慣動作敘述過去的習(xí)慣動作,表示過去的時間狀語連用表示過去的時間狀語連用, yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, once upon a time, on the first of May, in 1980, before liberation, in the old days, when I was at middle school- He took me to the movies twice a week when I was young. 2. 如果一

6、個句子里含有一個由如果一個句子里含有一個由when引導(dǎo)的狀語從引導(dǎo)的狀語從句句, 而且和主句一樣都是過去時的動詞而且和主句一樣都是過去時的動詞, when從句從句里的動作是先發(fā)生的里的動作是先發(fā)生的. When she heard the strange sound, she got up to check. (三三). 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 1. 表示正在進(jìn)行的動作表示正在進(jìn)行的動作,或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作 The population is increasing very fast. *2. 表示表示”逐漸逐漸”等含義等含義: 有一些詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表有一些詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行

7、時表示的是示的是”逐漸逐漸”, “越來越越來越” 一般不和時間狀語連一般不和時間狀語連用用.這些詞包括這些詞包括: get, grow, become, turn, run, go(變成變成), begin, forget, remember, die, finish. She is growing to be more like her mother. Youd better come in. it is beginning to rain. Im finishing my supper. 3. be going to do表示在說話之前主語自己已經(jīng)表示在說話之前主語自己已經(jīng)決定的計劃決定的

8、計劃, 不能用于說話時的臨時決定不能用于說話時的臨時決定. How long are you going to stay there? He is going to be a doctor when he grows up. *有時還表示說話者根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)象有時還表示說話者根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)象”預(yù)測預(yù)測”不不久即將發(fā)生的事情久即將發(fā)生的事情. Look at the black clouds. Its going to rain. Shes going to have a baby. The work is going to be more difficult than we expected. 4

9、. 進(jìn)行時通常表示持續(xù)動詞進(jìn)行時通常表示持續(xù)動詞,如果是瞬間動如果是瞬間動詞詞,則表示則表示 (1)即將即將 (2)重復(fù)的動作重復(fù)的動作. The train is arriving. She is nodding. He is jumping up and down. (四四). 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 1. 敘述過去已經(jīng)做過的事情或已經(jīng)有過的敘述過去已經(jīng)做過的事情或已經(jīng)有過的經(jīng)驗經(jīng)驗, 對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響. I have washed the car. Sunny hasnt come back yet. I havent seen him for a long tim

10、e. Look what you have done. Have you had your supper? 2. 敘述從過去開始一直繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況敘述從過去開始一直繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況, 一般有表示一般有表示“一段時間一段時間”的詞的詞: for, since, all morning, all day, all the time, always, lately, recently, up till now, so far, by now, Ive been here for 10 years. The old man has had the stamp since he was a child

11、. 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用在表示時間或條件的現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用在表示時間或條件的狀語從句中狀語從句中, 表示將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作表示將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作. I will go to the movies as soon as I have finished my homework. We will go outside if it has stopped raining by then. *瞬間動詞的肯定式表示已經(jīng)做了瞬間動詞的肯定式表示已經(jīng)做了,不與不與for 或或since 連用表示多久連用表示多久, 但是否定式可以但是否定式可以. He has left home a month

12、ago. (X) He left home a month ago. It is a month since he left home. (五五). 過去完成時過去完成時 表示表示 “過去的過去過去的過去” By 1914 Einstein had gained world fame. 在包含在包含when, as soon as, before, after, until, now that等連詞的復(fù)合句中等連詞的復(fù)合句中, 如果主句如果主句謂語和從句謂語表示的過去動作是不同時間謂語和從句謂語表示的過去動作是不同時間發(fā)生的發(fā)生的, 那么先發(fā)生的動作通常用過去完成時那么先發(fā)生的動作通常用過去完

13、成時. She didnt go to bed until she had finished the homework. I hadnt had anything valuable before I came here. hardly - whenno sooner - than (六六). 將來完成時將來完成時 一般用一般用by. You will have reached Hong Kong by this time tomorrow. By the end of this year I will have saved 10,000 yuan. I have heard that he g

14、ot married again. At this rate, he will have a dozen wives by the time he dies. The work will have lasted for full five years by April of next year. (七七). 在下列三種情況的在下列三種情況的that從句中用完成時從句中用完成時 1. This/that/it is the first/second/last time thatThis is the first time I have heard him say “thank you”. 2.

15、This/that/it is the only that This is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life. 3. This/that/it is the 最高級形容詞最高級形容詞 that It is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read. (八八). 一般不用進(jìn)行時的詞一般不用進(jìn)行時的詞: 沒有延續(xù)性的詞沒有延續(xù)性的詞 (accept, end, permit, decide), know, think, agree, mean, 系

16、動詞系動詞, love, like, cost, exist, hate, dislike, fear, include, (一一). 被動語態(tài)主要用于下面幾種情況被動語態(tài)主要用于下面幾種情況 1. 我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰者是誰 (這時不用這時不用by) Such books are written for children. When will the road be opened to traffic? 2. 動作的承受者是談話的中心動作的承受者是談話的中心(這時用這時用by) The song was written/composed

17、by a student. (二二). 特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu)特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu) He should be punished for what he has done. That silly question neednt be answered. 2. 帶不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)帶不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu) These debts will have to be paid.Those people are sure to be defeated. 3. 動詞動詞+介詞介詞 This question has been much talked about recently.

18、Who was called on to answer the question? 4. 動詞動詞+副詞副詞 He was brought up by his uncle. Lots of new words have to be looked up. 5. 其他短語其他短語 The children are well taken care of. He is often made fun of. 二、例題解析二、例題解析 例例1 I learned that her father _ in 1950. A had died B died C dead D is dead 解析解析：該題正確答

19、案為該題正確答案為。從句中的謂語。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞的動作動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時間狀語之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時態(tài)，而用一所以不用過去完成時態(tài)，而用一般過去時態(tài)。般過去時態(tài)。 例例 The five-year-old girl _ by her parents. A is looked B has looked for C is being looked for D has been looked 解析：該題正確答案為。在帶有介詞的動解析：該題正確答案為。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。于被動語態(tài)的句子中。 三、有效測試三、有效測試 1. We _ with you for the time being. A. will stay B. will be stayi