gmat電子復(fù)習(xí)ir解題指導(dǎo)英文

1、1Table of ContentsTable of Contents1Introduction2About Us3What is Integrated Reasoning?6What are the different parts?6How the Integrated Reasoning Section Differs from the Qutative and Verbal Sections7How will the Integrated Reasoning Section be scored?9Multi-Source Reasoning12Multi-Source Reasoning

2、 strategies and tips13Multi-Source Reasoning practice questions14Answers and explanations16Table Analysis17Table Analysis strategies and tips18Table Analysis practice questions19Answers and explanations21Two-Part Analysis22Two-Part Analysis strategies and tips23Two-Part Analysis practice questions24

3、Answers and explanations25Graphics Interpretation26Graphics Interpretation strategies and tips27Graph Type #1: Bar Charts28Graph Type #2: Scatterplots32Graph Type #2b: Bubble Charts38Graphics Interpretation practice questions40Answers and explanations42Magoosh and Integrated Reasoning44Suggestions f

4、or this eBook? Leave us a comment here:2IntroductionThis eBook is meant to serve as an introduction to the Integrated Reasoning section that will debut in the new GMAT on June 5th, 2012, and combines information from some of the most Integrated Reasoning-related popular posts on the Magoosh GMAT blo

5、g. If you want to know what to expect and how to prepare for this new section, this eBook is for you!The Magoosh Teamus at support if you have any questions, comments, or suggestions!Suggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:3About UsWhat is Magoosh?Magoosh is an online GMAT Prep that offe

6、rs:·······Over 200 Math and Verbals, thats over 20 hours of!explanations after every questionOver 700 Math and Verbal practice questions, withMaterial created by expert tutors who have in-deptowledge of the GMAT support from our expert tutors within 24 hoursCustomi

7、zable practice sessions and mock tests alized statistics based on performanceAccess anytime, anywhere from an internet-connected deviceFeatured inSuggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:4Why ours love usThese are some of the reviews of Magoosh posted on GMATClub. All of theses andthousan

8、ds moave used the Magoosh GMAT prep course to improve their scores:Suggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:5Suggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:6What is Integrated Reasoning?The GMAT Integrated Reasoning section is a new section on the GMAT, and will be introduced on June

9、 5th, 2012. Instead of making test takers suffer even longer, GMAC, the writers of the GMAT, have decided to replace one of the essays with the Integrated Reasoning section.As the section implies there is a fair amount of reasoning involved most will be quant-based, though there will be some verbal-

10、based reasoning as well.Here are some important points to keep in mind:·····You must answer a question before moving on Once you answer a question you cant go back to it A graph or prompt may have multiple questions You will have 30 minutes to do 12 questionsThere will be an

11、 onscreen calculator for this new section (but not for the rest of the exam!)What are the different parts?Multi-Source Reasoning “Click on the page to reveal different data and discern which data you need to answer the question.”Table Analysis - “Sort the table to organize the data so you can determ

12、ine whether certain conditions are met.”Two-Part Analysis “Select one answer from each column to solve a problem with a two-part solution.”Graphics Interpretation “Interpret the graph and select the option from a drop-down list”Suggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:7How the Integrated

13、Reasoning Section Differs from theQutative and Verbal SectionsThink about what distinguishes an effective manager from a pencil-pusher. The dutiful pencil- pusher can verify: A is a fact, B is a fact, and C is a fact. The effective manager can say, well, if we know A & B & C, it would not pa

14、y to do G, but it would be beneficial to pursue M, and its even worth the risk to pursue W. Lots of folks can verify information. Good managers can integrate and synthesize information, weigh costs and liabilities, and come up with bold decisions for courses of action to take. That very aptly descri

15、bes what the IR section is designed to assess.Foundational skillsIn terms of foundational skills, what you need to know for Integrated Reasoning is not really different from what you need to know for the Q & V sections. You need to know basic math, especially percentages and ratios, and you need

16、 to be able to interpret word problems. You needto know how tographs. You need tocritically and interpret, much as you do on CR andRC questions. These are the basic skills absolutely required to negotiate the IR section, but they are not really what the IR is designed to test.Higher order reasoningT

17、he IR section is designed to assess higher order reasoning. These skills include:1.2.Integrating information, including organizing and synthesizing different kinds of information.Evaluating sources of information, or evaluating tradeoffs and possible outcomes of a course of action.3.Drawing inferenc

18、es, making predictions, and identifying what further supported by the given data.Interrelating information, seeing how parts fit together in context. Formulating strategy, deciding among possible plans of action.s are4.5.These are all skills that managers need for success in the business world. Thes

19、e are skills that business school professors reinforce and assess. This is precisely why hundreds of business school faculty from around the world provided GMAC with the feedback that lead to the creation of the IR section.Suggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:8Relish the challenge!Yes

20、, there are challenges associated with the new IR section. Ultimately, the challenges of the IRsection arely related to the challenges you will experience in business school and as amanager in the business world. These challenges, these opportunities to apply your creativity and insight to complex p

21、roblems, are part of what make the business world engaging, even exhilarating, for folks. This is the exciting world you are entering, and it starts for real when you sit for the “next generation” GMAT and face the IR section. Do everything you can to prepare, so that when you face the IR section, y

22、ou can bring your best to the challenge.Suggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:9How will the Integrated Reasoning Section be scored?Fact: Right now, the GMAT has a Verbal Section (75 min), a Qutative Section (75 min), and twoAnalytical Writing Assessment (AWA) essays (Analysis of Argume

23、nt and Analysis of Issue, 30 minutes each).Fact: Right now, your GMAT score report tells you: (a) V score, (b) Q score, (c) a Total score (combination of your V & Q scores), and (d) AWA score.Fact: The “next generation” GMAT will debut on Tuesday, June 5, 2012. This test will have a VSection, a

24、Q Section, a single AWA essay, and the new Integrated Reasoning (IR) section. sequence of the new test will beThe.5.6.AWA essay = Analysis of Argument, 30 minutes IR section = 12 questions, 30 minutesoptional break, up to 5 minutesQ section = 37 questions, 75 minutes optional break, up to 5 m

25、inutesV section = 41 questions, 75 minutesFact: the IR section consists of four question types.Graphics Interpretation (GI) Two-Part Analysis (2PA) Table Analysis (TA)Multi-Source Reasoning (MSR)Fact: All four question types will appear on everyones IR sections.Fact: The breakdown by question

26、 type will differ from one only because of the experimental questions.s IR section to anothersSuggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:10In other words, for the questions on which you are actually graded, which actually count toward your score, everyone will have the same breakdown by que

27、stion type; extra experimental questions added to that baseline will give different peoples IR sections different breakdowns.GMAC has revealed neither what that fundamental breakdown is, nor how many of the 12 questions will be experimental. Lets take a pretend scenario, just to understand. Lets say

28、: the graded IRquestions consist of 2 GIs, 2 2PAs, 2 TAs, and 2 MSRs, for a total of eight (these are my numbers). For everyone taking the test, lets say those are the eight questions that are graded. The other four questions would be experimental questions, and will be different for-updifferent use

29、rs. Thus, Abe might get an IR section with 3 GIs, 3 2PAs, 3 TAs, and 3 MSRs. Betsy might get an IR section with 2 GIs, 3 2PAs, 3 TAs, and 4 MSRs. Cathy might get an IR section with 2 GIs, 6 2PAs, 2 TAs, and 2 MSRs. In each case, only the baseline eight questions count toward the score, and the other

30、s are experiments. (The numbers in this example are purely hypothetical: we have no idea what GMAC has up their sleeve.)Heres the kicker, though. As our hypothetical friend Cathy is working through her IR section, she may start to think: Gee, Im seeing a lot of 2PA questions! Some of them must beexp

31、erimental! Quite true. The catch is, among those six 2PA questions, the two that count could be the first two, or the last two, or any combination. There are actually 15 different ways that the two that count could be scrambled among the four experimental questions. As the test taker, even if you do

32、 have strong suspicions about which question types the experimental questions were, you will have no way of knowing, as you are working on a particular question, whether it counts or is experimental. Therefore, you have to treat every single question as if it counts, same as on the Q & V section

33、s.Fact: The IR section is not computer adaptive. You are randomly assigned 12 questions as a group, and move through that sequence regardless of whether you are getting questions right or wrong.Fact: The “next generation” GMAT score report will consist of (a) V score, (b) Q score, (c) a Total score

34、(combination of your V & Q scores), (d) AWA score, and (e) IR score.Fact: The IR score will be an integer from 1 to 8. THERE IS NO PARTIAL CREDIT ON THE INTEGRATED REASONING SECTION. For example, in a TA question in which there are three dichotomous prompts (e.g. true/false), you must get all th

35、ree right to get credit for that one question. If you get at least one of the three wrong, the whole question is wrong.Fact: The number of IR questions you get right will constitute a raw score. The GMAC, using an arcane alchemy known only to them, will convert that raw score to a scaled score (1 8)

36、, which will be accompanied by percentiles.Notice: Because of the statistical magic GMAC uses in converting raw scores to scaled scores (on IR, Q, & V sections), what may seem to your advantage or disadvantage may not work out thatSuggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:11way. For ex

37、ample, the fact that theres no partial credit is challenging: it makes it harder to earn points on individual questions. BUT, harder for everyone means lower raw scores are needed to get a high percentile grade. Similarly, if all the questions are very easy, that means most people will get them righ

38、t, which means it will be “crowded” at the top, much harder to place in a highpercentile. What matters is not how inherently easy or hard the you perform, compared to other test takers.: what matters is how wellSuggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:12Multi-Source ReasoningFormat·&

39、#183;Split ScreenOn the left side a window with three clickable cards. These cards contain the information that will be relevant to answering the question. You can view only one card at a time.On the right side, the questions. You will only see one question at a time, and once you submit your answer

40、 to a question, you cannot go back. There will be two kinds of questions in the MSR sectiono Ordinary five-choice Multiple Choice, exactly like the GMAT Problem-Solving questions or any of the questions in the GMAT Verbal section.o Multiple Dichotomous Choice: in a single MDC question there will be

41、three individual questions and only two answer choices from which to select (e.g "true/false", "improve/detract", "make money/lose money", etc.). In other words, for each of the three questions, you have a dichotomous choice: just two possibilities. You must answer all

42、three correctly to get credit for this MDC question, as there is no partial credit on the IR section.·The nature of the informationSome of these questions are intensely verbal: for example, three parts of a conversation or an exchange. Others are more numerical: for example, one card might desc

43、ribe the overview ofa scenario, and the other two cards will give numerical parameters inforaspects of thescenario. The card that introduces the scenario may define relevant jargon or relevant abbreviations, and then the other cards will use that jargon or those abbreviations in context. The informa

44、tion on the three different cards can interrelate in any one of a number of ways. Again,you will beto click back and forth among the three cards as much as you like, but at anymoment in time, you will be looking at only one of the three: you cannot view cards simultaneously.Suggestions for this eBoo

45、k? Leave us a comment here:13Multi-Source Reasoning strategies and tipsDon't be intimidatedThe question is intended to be challenging, and in all likelihood, the context will be minimally familiar or completely unfamiliar. Relax. No matter how new or foreign it may appear, everything you need to

46、 answer the question is given.Map, don't memorizeIning Compension, you do not need to memorize everyofsage: your goal onthe firsting is to extract the main idea and the topic of each paragraph: this gives you a"map", and when you get to aquestion, you will follow your "map" b

47、ack to the relevantsection. That is very much what you will do with MSR question. You don't need to memorize: you do need to figure out (a) where the pieces of information are located, and (b) how information given on one card influences or plays into information given on the other cards.Be care

48、ful to distinguish what must be true from what could be true.Make sure you verify the answer to each question with concrete information on the cards.Suggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:14Multi-Source Reasoning practice questionsCard #1Whizzo Chocolate Company in Chicago, IL, makes a

49、wide variety of exceptionally high quality confections. Each one of their products can be classified into one of 5 groups. (Weights include allnecessary packaging for ship.)1.12-piece assortments (1.5 lbs, $14.99), some of which require refrigerated ship some of which do not.20-piece assortments (2.

50、0 lbs, $24.99), some of which require refrigerated ship some of which do not.and2.and3.4.5.a small chocolate-covered fruit basket (12 lb, $39.99), which requires refrigerated ship a large chocolate-covered fruit basket (30 lb, $59.99), which requires refrigerated shipan all-chocolate chessboard with

51、 white & dark chocolate chessmen (25 lb, $149.99), which requires refrigerated shipCard #2Whizzo Chocolate Company uses only the following shipWestern Food Sendermethods:a) WFS non-refrigerated service: $50 plus $10 times each poundb) WFS refrigerated service: $80 plus $15 times each poundCard #

52、3If a single order is a “mixed order”, that is, it contains both items that require refrigeratedshipand items that do not require refrigerated ship, it does no harm to the latter items toship them in refrigerated ship. If a single order is a mixed order, customer has a choice:a) only items requiring

53、 refrigerated ship sent without refrigerationsent via refrigerated ship, and all other itemsb) all items, regardless of type, sent via refrigerated shipWhen a customer places a mixed order, the Whizzo sales representative will make this choice clear to the customer, and make clear that absolutely no

54、 damage will occur by refrigerating those items which dont require refrigeration.Suggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:15The three “cards” above will simply appear one after the other. On the real GMAT (and in Magoosh), they will be clickable cards all in the view of one window on diff

55、erent tabs. You can seetry an example online at.1.If ain Pennsylvania has a total of $500 to spend on a Whizzo order, which of thefollowing orders could he afford, including the cost of ship?2.For each of the following “mixed orders”, each containing twenty items total, whichshipoption will be less

56、expensive?Option A) only items requiring refrigerated ship other items sent without refrigerationsent via refrigerated ship, and allOption B) all items, regardless of type, sent via refrigerated shipSuggestions for this eBook? Leave us a comment here:fifteen 12-piece assortments requiring refrigerat

57、ed shipand five 12-piece assortments not requiringrefrigerated shipABten 12-piece assortments requiring refrigerated shipand ten 12-pieceassortments not requiringrefrigerated shipABfive 12-piece assortments requiring refrigerated shipand fifteen 12-piece assortments notrequiring refrigerated shipABfive 12-piece assortments, all requiring refrigerated shipYesNotwo large chocolate-covered fruit basketsYesNothe all-chocolate chessboard with white & dark chocolate chessmenYesNo16Answers and exp