of whom和of which用法歸納

1、of whom和of which用法歸納1. of表示同位關(guān)系：即用于在A+of+B結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的A和B為同位關(guān)系。如：Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. 她的兩個(gè)兒子，都在國(guó)外工作，他們每周都給她打電話來(lái)。Weve tested three hundred types of boot, none of which is completely waterproof. 我們已經(jīng)測(cè)試過300種靴子，沒有一種是完全防水的。2. of表示整體與部分的關(guān)系：即用于“部分+of+整體(which, whom)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He

2、 went with a group of people, few of whom were correctly equipped for such a climb. 他和一隊(duì)人一起去了，其中沒有幾個(gè)人配有進(jìn)行這樣一次登山的適當(dāng)裝備。The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車大多數(shù)都已經(jīng)擠滿了人，它們被憤怒的人群包圍著。I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students. 我遇到了摘水果的人們

3、，其中有幾個(gè)人是大學(xué)生。3. of表示所屬關(guān)系：即of用于構(gòu)成所有格。如：Hes written a book the name of which Ive forgotten. 他寫了一本書，書名我給忘了。The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired. 那幢屋頂被損壞的房子現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)修好了。4. of與其他的詞構(gòu)成固定搭配：即of與從句中的某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)成固定搭配。如：Hes married to a singer of whom you may have heard. 他與一位歌唱家結(jié)了婚，你可能聽說過這個(gè)人。(介詞of

4、與動(dòng)詞hear構(gòu)成固定搭配，意為“聽說”)注意：介詞of后面除接關(guān)系代詞which, whom外，有時(shí)也可能是whose。如：She had a teddy-bear, both of whose eyes were missing. 她有一個(gè)玩具熊，它的兩只眼睛都丟了。表示部分與整體of which/whom在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，表示“部分與整體”的關(guān)系時(shí)，用of which/whom或者of which/whom都可以。表示部分的可以是具體數(shù)目或百分?jǐn)?shù)，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, ne

5、ither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the smallest, the majority等。Our school has 80 teachers, 50 of whom (=of whom 50) are women. 我校有80個(gè)教師，其中50個(gè)是女的。He has lots of books, most of which are English ones. 他有許多書，其中大部分是英語(yǔ)書。注意：這里的of which不能用whose代替，這與表示所屬關(guān)系的of which不同：The room the door of which (=whose

6、door) is blue belongs to me. 門是藍(lán)色的那間房是我的。英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的3個(gè)重要概念：1. 定義：用來(lái)修飾某個(gè)名詞、代詞或整個(gè)句子的從句就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。如：The man you talked about is our headmaster. 你們剛才所談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人是我們的校長(zhǎng)This is the bike my father gave me as my birthday present. 這是我父親送給我作為生日禮物的單車。The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year. 那棵葉子紅色的樹是去年栽的2. 先行詞

7、：定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞就叫做先行詞，它一般是由名詞、代詞或句子充當(dāng)。如：The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old. 在舞臺(tái)上唱歌的那個(gè)男孩今年才九歲。(現(xiàn)行詞是名詞) Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 任何愿意幫助他人的人都?xì)g迎來(lái)參加我們的組織。(現(xiàn)行詞是代詞) His mother is out of danger, which excites their family very much. 他母親脫離了危險(xiǎn)，這件事情使他們家興

8、奮不已。(現(xiàn)行詞是句子) 3. 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞就叫做關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)關(guān)系詞的用法不同，關(guān)系詞又分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，其中關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but等，關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞既起連接先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句的作用，又做從句中的某個(gè)句子成分。如：Li Lei is one of the students who are working very hard. 李蕾是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)非常努力的學(xué)生。(引導(dǎo)詞who) There is nobody but knows you here. 這兒沒有不認(rèn)識(shí)你的人。(引導(dǎo)詞but

9、) He led us to a place where we have never been before. 他把我們帶到了我們以前從未去過的地方。 (引導(dǎo)詞where) of whom/which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞作為一個(gè)整體，表示整體中的一部分，即表示“部分與整體”的關(guān)系時(shí)，用of which / whom或者of which / whom都可以。但與表示所屬關(guān)系不同，這里不能用whose來(lái)代替of which。一、表示整體中的部分The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an

10、angry crowd. 公共汽車大多數(shù)都已經(jīng)擠滿了人，它們被憤怒的人群包圍著。I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我揀起那些蘋果，其中有一些傷得很厲害。I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我買了一打雞蛋，六個(gè)在我失手掉了盒子時(shí)摔碎了。There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quit

11、e. 只剩兩瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶沒完全喝完。The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 這些寶藏已送往大英博物館，其中有一些是失而復(fù)得的。二、表示所屬關(guān)系Hes written a book, the name of which Ive forgotten. 他寫了一本書，書名我忘了。句中的the name of which=whose name。It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered

12、. 這是一項(xiàng)其細(xì)節(jié)不可更改的協(xié)定。句中的the details of which=whose details。表示部分與整體of which/whom在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，表示“部分與整體”的關(guān)系時(shí)，用of which/whom或者of which/whom都可以。表示部分的可以是具體數(shù)目或百分?jǐn)?shù)，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the smallest, the majority等。Our school ha

13、s 80 teachers, 50 of whom (=of whom 50) are women. 我校有80個(gè)教師，其中50個(gè)是女的。He has lots of books, most of which are English ones. 他有許多書，其中大部分是英語(yǔ)書。注意：這里的of which不能用whose代替，這與表示所屬關(guān)系的of which不同：The room the door of which (=whose door) is blue belongs to me. 門是藍(lán)色的那間房是我的在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞作為一個(gè)整體，表示整體中的一部分，即表示“部分與整體”

14、的關(guān)系時(shí)，用of which / whom或者of which / whom都可以。但與表示所屬關(guān)系不同，這里不能用whose來(lái)代替of which。一、表示整體中的部分The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車大多數(shù)都已經(jīng)擠滿了人，它們被憤怒的人群包圍著。I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我揀起那些蘋果，其中有一些傷得很厲害。I bought a dozen eggs, six of wh

15、ich broke when I dropped the box. 我買了一打雞蛋，六個(gè)在我失手掉了盒子時(shí)摔碎了。There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩兩瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶沒完全喝完。The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 這些寶藏已送往大英博物館，其中有一些是失而復(fù)得的。二、表示所屬關(guān)系Hes writ

16、ten a book, the name of which Ive forgotten. 他寫了一本書，書名我忘了。句中的the name of which=whose name。It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 這是一項(xiàng)其細(xì)節(jié)不可更改的協(xié)定。句中的the details of which=whose details。一、用法說明 介詞+whom只能指人；介詞+ which只能指物。如： Look, there comes Tom, for whom I have waiting for an hour

17、. 瞧，湯姆來(lái)啦，我等他等了一個(gè)小時(shí)。 Last Saturday evening, I went to Wu Dong s birt一、用法說明介詞+whom只能指人；介詞+ which只能指物。如：Look, there comes Tom, for whom I have waiting for an hour. 瞧，湯姆來(lái)啦，我等他等了一個(gè)小時(shí)。Last Saturday evening, I went to Wu Dongs birthday party, in which I met a foreigner named Jim. 上周星期六的晚上我去參加了吳東的生日聚會(huì)，在會(huì)上我會(huì)

18、到了一個(gè)叫吉姆的外國(guó)人。She came into the house, on whose wall there was a portrait of Einstein. 她進(jìn)入了房間，房子的墻壁上有一張愛因斯坦的畫像。 二、注意事項(xiàng)(1) 有時(shí)，前面的介詞可移到定語(yǔ)從句的中間或后面，此時(shí)whom可用who, that代替；which可以用that代替。而且who, whom, which, that都可省略。如：The man with whom you talked just now is our manager. The man who you talked with just now i

19、s our manager. 你剛才與他談話的那個(gè)人就是我們的經(jīng)理。He handed me a pen, with which I wrote down my address for him. He handed me a pen, which I wrote down my address with for him. 他遞給我一支鋼筆，我就用那支鋼筆給他寫下了我的地址。(2) 當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因從句時(shí)，介詞+ which一般在定語(yǔ)從句中分別做時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語(yǔ)，于是介詞+ which可以分別用when, where, why代替。但若介詞+ which不是作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語(yǔ)，

20、則不能用when, where, why代替。如：Last week, I visited Shanghai, in which I have made several friends. Last week, I visited Shanghai, where I have made several friends. 上周我參觀了上海，在那兒我叫上幾個(gè)朋友。I will remember the day forever on which I won the first place in the contest. I will remember the day forever when I wo

21、n the first place in the contest. 我將永遠(yuǎn)記住我在競(jìng)賽中獲得第一名的那一天。三、介詞的選用介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，介詞往往受上下文的約束，究竟使用哪個(gè)介詞時(shí)得從下面幾方面來(lái)進(jìn)行考慮。(1) 從先行詞跟介詞的搭配習(xí)慣出發(fā)。如：In front of my house, there is a tree, in which some birds are singing. 我的房子前有一棵樹，鳥兒正在樹上唱歌。(在樹上一般用介詞in) (2) 從定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞對(duì)介詞的習(xí)慣要求出發(fā)。如：(from )The computer for which I pa

22、id 5,000yuan is made in Shenzhen. 我花了五千元所買的這臺(tái)電腦使深圳造的。( pay 與for搭配)(3) 從先行詞、定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞兩方面同時(shí)考慮出發(fā)。如：Do you know the girl with whom the man talked just now? 你認(rèn)識(shí)跟那個(gè)男談話的女孩嗎？(talk 究竟接to, with還是接about, 這該由動(dòng)詞及現(xiàn)行詞一起決定) (4) 復(fù)合介詞+關(guān)系代詞。如：Go down this road, at the end of which you can see a high building and it

23、 is our office building. 沿著條路走，在路的盡頭你會(huì)看到一座高大的建筑，那就是我們的辦公大樓。(5) 名詞+介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞。如：He has three children, one of whose children is studying abroad now. 他又三個(gè)小孩，其中一個(gè)在國(guó)外讀書。注意：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞與介詞是不可分割的固定搭配時(shí)，介詞不能放到關(guān)系代詞之前。如：She has a little daughter, who is looked after by her grandma. 就不能寫成：She has a little daughter,

24、after whom is looked by her grandma. 因?yàn)?，look after 是不可分開的固定短語(yǔ)。介詞+關(guān)系代詞 （轉(zhuǎn)載）定語(yǔ)從句是中學(xué)階段英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的主要語(yǔ)法之一，也是高考題的命題熱點(diǎn)所在，其中定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞前介詞的判斷更是高考英語(yǔ)命題的一個(gè)高頻考點(diǎn)。下面，我們先來(lái)看看近兩年高考中部分定語(yǔ)從句中“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。01. Eric received training in computer for one year, _B_ he found a job in a big company.(遼寧)A. after that B. after whichC. a

25、fter it D. after this02. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _B_ they can be controlled on purpose.(重慶)A. with whichB. to which C. of which D. for which03. It is reported that two schools, _D_ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (四川)A .they both B. wh

26、ich bothC. both of themD. both of which04. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _D_ wanted to buy it (安徽)A. none of themB. both of whomC. none of whomD. neither of whom05. He was educated at the local high school, _A_ he went on to Beijing University.(江蘇)A. after which B. after that

27、 C. in which D. in that06. She was educated at Beijing University, _A_ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (全國(guó)II)A.after whichB. from which C. from that D. after that07. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us _B_ we gave some bells and glasses. (

28、湖南)A. to whichB. to whom C. with whomD. with which08. I was given three books on cooking, the first _B_ I really enjoyed. (浙江)A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which09. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction_D_ she had come. (

29、重慶)A. of whichB. by whichC. in whichD. from which對(duì)于“介詞+which / whom”結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，高考英語(yǔ)主要涉及以下幾個(gè)方面：1. 考查定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣(1) 看定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配Water is the natural medium in which fish live. 水是魚類賴以生存的自然環(huán)境。(注意搭配live in)The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他們找尋的文件已經(jīng)找到了。(注意搭配search for) This

30、 is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 這是一個(gè)我們可能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間爭(zhēng)論的問題。(注意搭配argue about) I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 我想找到一個(gè)可以和我談書和音樂的人。(注意搭配discuss sth with sb)注：有一些介詞為固定搭配的一部分，此時(shí)它們的位置應(yīng)注意。如：The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.不能說成：

31、The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.(2) 看定語(yǔ)從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配 (from )He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他我要去參考一些我不熟悉的參考書。(注意搭配be familiar with)2. 考查先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣這類考題往往要根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)選擇介詞。如：This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teachers

32、 desk. 這是我們的教室，前面有老師的講臺(tái)。(注意搭配in the front of our classroom)Ill never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記她與我們告別的那一天。(注意搭配on the day)3. 考查表示所屬關(guān)系的of which whomOn the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which I dont understand. 老師在黑板上寫了一個(gè)句子，句子的意思我不明白。(注意搭配the mean

33、ing of the sentence)4. 考查表示整體與部分關(guān)系的of which whomI have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. 我有5本英語(yǔ)詞典，其中最好的是朗文詞典。(注意搭配of the five dictionaries)The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 多數(shù)公共汽車已經(jīng)上滿了人，周圍是一伙憤怒的群眾。(注意搭配most of the buses) I

34、 met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students. 我碰到那些摘水果的人，其中有好幾個(gè)是大學(xué)生。(注意搭配several of them) 5. 考查表示同位關(guān)系的of which whomHer sons, both of whom work abroad, rang her up this morning. 她的兩個(gè)兒子都在國(guó)外工作，今天早上給她來(lái)了電話。(注意搭配both of her sons)【模擬測(cè)試】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和關(guān)系代詞填空：1. Do you like the book _ she spent $

35、10? 2. Do you like the book _ she paid $10?3. Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _ she often talks? 5. He built a telescope_ he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, _ stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow

36、River.8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.11. The workers, some _ stayed for four years, came from different cou

37、ntries.12. The committee consists of 20 members, 5 _ are women.13. The book contains 50 poems, most _were written in the 1930s.14. There are two left, one _ is almost finished, and the other _ is not. 【參考答案】1. on which 2. for which3. from in which 4. about which5. through which6. under which7. of wh

38、ich8. from which9. to whom10. of which11. of whom12. of whom13. of which14. of which, of which 限制性定語(yǔ)從句： 限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起限制、修飾的作用，關(guān)系代詞有that,which,whom,who,whose以及關(guān)系副詞when,where等，沒有明顯的逗號(hào)把從句與主語(yǔ)分開，表達(dá)的意思為被修飾詞的一個(gè)定語(yǔ)。 例句： Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? Where is the book which I bought

39、 this morning? 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句： 作用相當(dāng)于一種插入語(yǔ)或者對(duì)先行詞的一種解釋，和先行詞之間只有比較松散的關(guān)系，文字中常常用逗號(hào)將其與主句分開，用法其實(shí)與限制性定語(yǔ)從句極為相似，只是不能用that做修飾詞。 例句： This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet. Englishi is an important subject, which every students should study well. The building, in front of which sat a boy, was a sch

40、ool.一、 定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開，例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性） 2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charle

41、s Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。 3) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如： He seems no

42、t to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。 二、 從形式上看，限制性定語(yǔ)從句與其先行詞緊緊相連，兩者沒有停頓；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間有逗號(hào)隔開。從意義上講，限制性定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾先行詞，兩者密不可分；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句僅僅對(duì)先行詞作補(bǔ)充性敘述或說明，兩者關(guān)系不那么緊密。由于兩種定語(yǔ)從句存在著這些區(qū)別，一般來(lái)說，限制性定語(yǔ)從句多半譯成漢

43、語(yǔ)的前置定語(yǔ)，修飾其后的先行詞，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則往往譯成后置的并列從句。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。通常對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句處理如下： （1） 限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯成前置定語(yǔ) These neighborhoods frequently recreate much of the culture and the values of the nationality that makes up the majority of the population. 這些居民區(qū)經(jīng)常再現(xiàn)構(gòu)成大多數(shù)居民的大量民族文化和價(jià)值觀念。 （2） 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯成后置的并列分句 In almost all developin

44、g countries, economic development depends upon growth in export trade, which in turn creates jobs and raises living standards. 幾乎所有的發(fā)展中國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都依賴于出口貿(mào)易的增長(zhǎng)，而出口的增長(zhǎng)又有助于創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和提高人民的生活水平。 但是，有時(shí)候因?yàn)橐馑忌系年P(guān)系，或者出于漢語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的考慮，要把限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯成后置的并列分句，而把非限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯成前置定語(yǔ)。 （3） 限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯成后置的并列從句 Each team plays ten or elev

45、en games each season which begins in September and ends in November. 每個(gè)隊(duì)每賽季參加十到十一場(chǎng)比賽，每個(gè)賽季九月份開始，十一月份結(jié)束。 （4） 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯成前置定語(yǔ) He appeared to be returning home from a walk, for his buckle shoes, which followed a fashion long since out of date, were covered with dust. 他好象是散步之后回家去，因?yàn)樗窃缫堰^時(shí)的扣鞋上布滿了灰塵。 （5） 有的

46、定語(yǔ)從句，從意義上看實(shí)際相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示原因，目的，結(jié)果，讓步等關(guān)系。這樣的定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)譯出漢語(yǔ)的偏正復(fù)句，但是要加上相應(yīng)的連接詞以表明其與主句的關(guān)系。 Norway is, quite naturally, paying great attention to developments in Europe and in the Atlantic community, which are so instrumental to the maintenance of peace and security in our part of the world. 挪威自然十分關(guān)切歐洲和大西洋國(guó)家的發(fā)展

47、，因?yàn)檫@些發(fā)展大大有助于維護(hù)世界上我們這一地區(qū)的和平和安全 說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 三、下面是些例題，你做做看。 一、that不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如： 【考例一】She heard the terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 【解析】選B。后半句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，盡管先行詞noise屬于事物，也不能用that而要用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。which指代noise，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 二、除which外，還可用when，wh

48、ere，whose，whom等引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且各自的用法及差異與它們用在限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)相同。如： Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下個(gè)月即將來(lái)臨，屆時(shí)你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假。(關(guān)系副詞when指代表示時(shí)間的名詞next month，并作從句的狀語(yǔ)。) She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳門去居住，在那里她有幾個(gè)密友。 (關(guān)系副詞where指代表示地點(diǎn)的名

49、詞Macao，并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。) 【考例二】Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 【解析】選B。whose在從句中作表示所屬關(guān)系的定語(yǔ)，既可指代人，也可指代物。指物時(shí)，?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為of which；指人時(shí)?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為of whom。 【考例三】 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,

50、_many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time 【解析】 先行詞5:30 pm與time之間是一種同位關(guān)系，可用which來(lái)作定語(yǔ)替代。從句中的完成狀態(tài)，常與by短語(yǔ)連用。故選D。 三、在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如： He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother. 他迫切地想到醫(yī)院去看望他的繼母，他把繼母當(dāng)自己的親媽媽一樣愛戴。 四

51、、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞which，既可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整句的含義。如： 【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,_made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 【解析】選B。指代“Dorothy總是高度評(píng)價(jià)自己在那場(chǎng)戲中所擔(dān)任的角色”的整個(gè)事件。 【考例五】Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very

52、 much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 【解析】表示時(shí)間的名詞October，用“我個(gè)人非常懷疑”來(lái)修飾，意思不通。應(yīng)該修飾整個(gè)主句， 表示對(duì)“Carol說在十月前能做好這項(xiàng)工作”懷疑。故選D。 五、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)as和which的差異：從句置于句首時(shí)，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用as引導(dǎo)，而置于句末時(shí)，兩者都可以使用。 如： 【考例六】_is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【解析】逗號(hào)表明

53、為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。選B。 【考例七】_is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It 【解析】答案為B。與考例六同理。典型定語(yǔ)從句易錯(cuò)題詳解The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which wasB. it wasC. which wereD. them were【易錯(cuò)】容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和

54、it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語(yǔ)?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢甘荂，around which were high mountains 是一個(gè)由“介詞+which”引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而在該從句中，主語(yǔ)是 high mountains，around which 是表語(yǔ)，所以句子謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was。請(qǐng)做以下類例題目（答案均為C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _ some fruit shops.A. which is B. it isC. which areD. them are(2) The murder ha

55、ppened in an old building, beside _ the city police station.A. which areB. it isC. which is D. them are(3) Next month well move to a new building, next to _ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.A. which areB. it isC. which isD. them areA man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “I

56、s there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. that B. whichC. where D. what【易錯(cuò)】容易誤選 B，認(rèn)為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語(yǔ)?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镃。以上語(yǔ)法分析并不算錯(cuò)，但問題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒有這樣一個(gè)醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語(yǔ)境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔＪ窃卺t(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為“在附近”；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？_ is known to everybody, the moon