短文改錯(cuò)十大考點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、考點(diǎn)破解一：名詞的數(shù)與格的誤用真題再練1. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.2. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I Since then for all these year we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.3. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years

2、.4. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷From the time I was about four untilI was about six, I destroyedeach of my toy.5. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.6. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷When I fin ally arrived at my frie nd he lent me lots of clothes.7. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with

3、 his parent.ltwas very crowded.he tur ned around and found that his pare nts were miss ing.8. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.9. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with han dles

4、 to suit British habits.思路點(diǎn)撥解答這類(lèi)題主要有 6條依據(jù)：1. 依據(jù)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的用法特點(diǎn)。可數(shù)名詞大于一時(shí)要用復(fù)數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如air, milk, water 等物質(zhì)名詞與music, advice, fun等抽象名詞是不可數(shù)名詞， 一般是沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式的。 還有l(wèi)uggage, furniture, equipme nt等都是容易出錯(cuò)的不可數(shù)名詞。2. 依據(jù)名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)。如名詞前有these, those, ten等修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)。如真題再練2, these year就錯(cuò)了，要用these years 才正確。3. 依據(jù)主謂一致原那

5、么。如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)也應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)；如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)，主語(yǔ)也應(yīng)是單數(shù)。如真題再練1,謂語(yǔ)是is getting ，而主語(yǔ)是airs，可知這里一定有問(wèn)題。4. 依據(jù)上下文信息。如真題再練 7, To ny went toa shoppi ng center with his pare nt，湯姆是同他的父親或母親，還是同他父母一起去商場(chǎng)？下文 his pare nts were missi ng告訴我們，是同父母一起去的，故pare nt應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。5. 依據(jù)生活常識(shí)。如真題再練3，一個(gè)人的肩膀是有左有右的，應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)。如果沒(méi)有這個(gè)常識(shí)就無(wú)確指出 with broad shoulder這一錯(cuò)

6、誤。6. 依據(jù)邏輯意義。如真題再練6，“當(dāng)我最終到達(dá)朋友時(shí)，“到達(dá)朋友怎么講得通呢？這里一定有問(wèn)題， 應(yīng)當(dāng)是“到達(dá)朋友的家才通順?？键c(diǎn)歸納，具體名詞是短文改錯(cuò)的必考點(diǎn)，5年8套題中無(wú)一例外。主要考查名詞的“數(shù)與“格有3點(diǎn)：1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)，文中卻用了復(fù)數(shù)。如真題再練第1題和第5題。要牢記常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞，女如: fun, advice,information,work工作,homework, housework, progress, luggage, furniture, equipment,money等。2. 可數(shù)名詞該用復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，文中卻用了單數(shù)。如真題再練第2、3、4、7、8 9題。

7、顯然，這是考查的重點(diǎn)。要注意可數(shù)名詞前有these, those, several, few, many, a large nu mber of, each of, one of,或大于 1 的數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，以與雖無(wú)這些詞但根據(jù)語(yǔ)境其意義大于1時(shí)，一定要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3. 表示“某人的本應(yīng)用名詞的所有格，文中卻沒(méi)用。如真題再練第6題。注意，以下情況中，名詞所有格后的名詞可省略：a butcher ' sshop 肉鋪，a tailor ' sshop裁縫店，a barber ' sshop 理發(fā)店，a doctor ' soffice 診所， my sister &

8、#39; shome我姐姐家，其中 shop,office,home等表示處所的詞都可以省略，直接用名詞所有格表示?？键c(diǎn)破解二：代詞的誤用與漏用真題再練以下各小題中有且僅有一處錯(cuò)誤多1個(gè)單詞、少1個(gè)單詞、錯(cuò)1個(gè)單詞，請(qǐng)指出并改正過(guò)來(lái)，然后說(shuō)明理由。1. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I We must find ways to protect your environment. Ifwe fail to doso, we ' ll live to regret it.2. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from

9、others3. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it.4. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷For a while, parents bought me new toys.5. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.思路點(diǎn)撥解答這類(lèi)題需注意兩點(diǎn)：1. 弄清指代對(duì)象。但凡核查代詞是否有錯(cuò)，關(guān)鍵是核查該代詞的指代對(duì)象，即到底是指代誰(shuí)或什么，弄清指代的對(duì)象是人還是物，是男還是女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。2.

10、 留意三無(wú)名詞。即要特別留意前面無(wú)冠詞、無(wú)物主代詞、無(wú)不定代詞的名詞。遇到三無(wú)名詞，要自問(wèn)：是泛指嗎？如果不是泛指，具體又是誰(shuí)的呢？如真題再練第4題，“父母給我買(mǎi)了新玩具，是泛指天下所有的父母？不是！是誰(shuí)的父母給我買(mǎi)玩具？我的父母！故pare nts前應(yīng)加上my。考點(diǎn)歸納代詞是短文改錯(cuò)的?？键c(diǎn)，5年8套題中考了 5次。主要從5個(gè)方面考查代詞。1. 前后人稱(chēng)不一致。如真題再練1, your與前后的we不一致。2. 前后單復(fù)數(shù)不一致。如真題再練3, it與指代對(duì)象the toys在單復(fù)數(shù)上不一致。3. 前后的性別不一致。如前后談的是一個(gè)女人，卻冒出 he或his來(lái)，反之亦然。4. 物主代詞的漏用。

11、如真題再練4、5題。5. this, that, it的區(qū)別；anything 與 everything的區(qū)別。考點(diǎn)破解三：冠詞的混用、多用與少用真題再練1. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.2. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I As result, the plants are growing everywhere.3. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I In a fact, he even scared my classmates away when they came over to play

12、 or do homework with me.4. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷I was going to visit a friend there, and after that, I would goto Xiame n for long holiday.5. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shopAwoma n saw him crying and told him to wait out side a shop.6. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II My dream school looks lik

13、e a big garden. There are all kindsof the flowers and trees around the classroom build in gs.7. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II This custom soon became another meal of day.思路點(diǎn)撥1. 留意三無(wú)名詞。遇到無(wú)冠詞、無(wú)形容詞性物主代詞、無(wú)不定代詞修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要注意，假設(shè)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境不是將其變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，就一定是在前面加冠詞。如真題再練4、7。2. 留意固定詞組。固定詞組常積累，就成火眼金睛，一看便知錯(cuò)。如真題再練1、2、3。3. 考究是否用錯(cuò)。要根據(jù)冠詞的根本用法，

14、如定冠詞表示特指， 一般來(lái)說(shuō)不是特指不用定冠詞； 不定冠詞表泛 指，?？勺g作“一個(gè)/本/支等，意義不通，可能有錯(cuò)。如真題再練6。冠詞的根本用法可參見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法填空局部。考點(diǎn)歸納冠詞在5年8套題中考了 7次，可算作必考點(diǎn)。主要從以下3個(gè)方面考查冠詞：1. 混用。即a, an與the的混用。如真題再練5。2. 多用。如真題再練第 3、6題。考查的容是“零冠詞，即不用冠詞的情況：1專(zhuān)有名詞前，如 Tom, China等。 學(xué)科名詞前，如 I like physics 。球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)名詞前，如play football 等。三餐名詞前，如 have breakfast 等。唯一職位名詞前，如chairma n,

15、 preside nt等。 名詞前已有物主代詞或不定代詞時(shí)，如my teacher, some students 等。7抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞等不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，如I ' m fond of music.8可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示泛指或指一類(lèi)事物時(shí)，如真題再練6。9不用冠詞的固定詞組，如真題再練3。3. 少用。這是考查的重點(diǎn)，8套題中考了 4次。如真題再練第 1、2、4、7題。要特別留意含有 冠詞的固定詞組。如真題再練第 1、2題?？键c(diǎn)破解四：介詞誤用、多用與少用 真題再練1. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I Unfortunately, on the development of indust

16、rialization, theen viro nment has bee n polluted.2. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, mysister and I pla nted some cherry tomatoes in our back garde n.3. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I He was tall, with broad shoulders and a beard that turned from black towards gray over the years.4.

17、2021 新課標(biāo)卷When I tore apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said,“That ' s it. No more toys to you.5. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷Luckily, I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothesI had were those I had on.6. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷Whenl fin ally arrived at myfrie nd ' s he lent to melots of clothes.7. 202

18、1 新課標(biāo)卷 II Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it very much.8. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.9. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II Wecan lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.10. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II The book I ' m reading of talks about afternoon tea in

19、 Britain.11. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II In terest in gly,it had a conn ection by the British porcelai n 瓷器in dustry.思路點(diǎn)撥因介詞是短文改錯(cuò)的必考點(diǎn)，且可能不止考1題，所以凡遇到介詞，要高度警惕。1. 意義通不通？一遇到介詞，就從介詞的根本意義出發(fā)，看句意通不通或是否符合常識(shí)。如真題再練5,“幸運(yùn)的是，我所有的錢(qián)都在我口袋的外表上，顯然不合常識(shí)。2. 搭配對(duì)不對(duì)？一遇到介詞，就要瞻前顧后，看它是否符合搭配習(xí)慣。如真題再練3,遇到toward，是否正確？看看前面，有turn，可想到turninto，或由fro

20、m想到fromto。3. 念念順不順？如果平時(shí)有大聲朗讀的習(xí)慣，并留意了固定搭配，考場(chǎng)中只需默默念一念，就可感覺(jué)出有沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤。如你聽(tīng)熟或讀順了listen to me, read a book ，當(dāng)你念到listenmusic, read ofa book時(shí)就覺(jué)得不順了，肯定是錯(cuò)的。這種方法特別適合辨識(shí)不與物動(dòng)詞后漏掉介詞或與 物動(dòng)詞后又增加介詞的錯(cuò)誤?？键c(diǎn)歸納介詞是改錯(cuò)題中必考考點(diǎn)，且5年8套題中考了 11道，是重點(diǎn)考查容，我們必須高度重視。從高考真題來(lái)看，考查容有以下特征：1. 常見(jiàn)的介詞。女口 in, of, for, with, to, into等。2. 根本的用法。如in表示“在里

21、，on表示“在的外表上，for引導(dǎo)承受某物的對(duì)象，等等。但也有個(gè)別題相對(duì)較難，如time for after-school activities做課外活動(dòng)的時(shí)間。3. 固定的詞組。在這11道題中，有6道考查固定詞組，超過(guò)一半。因此，含介詞的固定詞組我們就不得不 重視了。要收集，要熟讀，讀得朗朗上口?？键c(diǎn)破解五：連詞誤用、多用與少用真題再練1. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I In the countryside, the air is clean or the mountains are green.2. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I Although we allow tomato plants to g

22、row in the same place yearafter year, but we have n ever had any disease or in sect attack problems.3. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful.4. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to pla

23、y or do homework with me.5. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷But before long, they began to see which was happening.6. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from thefloor, and the n I realized that some one had stole n it.7. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and

24、 found where his pare nts were miss ing.8. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunchand dinner, that might not be served until 8 o' clock at night.思路點(diǎn)撥1. 句間無(wú)連詞，增加連詞。但凡兩個(gè)句子之間沒(méi)有句號(hào)、分號(hào)，又沒(méi)有連詞時(shí)，一定是漏掉連詞了，要根據(jù)兩句之間的意義關(guān)系或邏輯關(guān)系，增加一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。2. 句間多連詞，刪除連詞。雖然同一句子中的兩個(gè)主謂關(guān)系之間一定有連詞

25、，但又不能多，只需一個(gè)，多了就錯(cuò)了。特別是受漢語(yǔ)的影響，易將 although /though but雖然但是,because/since/asso 因?yàn)樗赃B用，遇到此種情況，一般刪除后面的but, so,以免影響一個(gè)句子的第一個(gè)單詞首字母大寫(xiě)的原那么。3. 遇到連詞要考究是否用錯(cuò)。如or 表選擇,and 表順承,but 表轉(zhuǎn)折之間是否用錯(cuò)，要根據(jù)句意的理解、前后的 邏輯關(guān)系去判斷?？键c(diǎn)歸納除2021年卷I考了 2道題，2021年卷II沒(méi)有考查連詞外，每年有 1道題考查連詞。在最 近5年8套題中考了 8道題，已考的具體考點(diǎn)有：1. 并列連詞的誤用1or與and混用。如真題再練1。2but與a

26、nd混用。如真題再練6。3but與although 連用。如真題再練2。4并列連詞漏用。如真題再練 3。2. 從句的引導(dǎo)詞的誤用1誤用從句連詞。如真題再練 5、7。 誤用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如真題再練8。3介詞誤作連詞用。如真題再練4, during誤作when。易混的還有表示"隨著的介詞with與連詞when;表示"在 期間的介詞during與連詞while 。介詞一般是接名詞、 代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，而連詞才可以連接句子?？忌鷤淇紩r(shí)，以下3點(diǎn)仍需注意：1. that 的用法。1引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)沒(méi)有任何意思，也不作任何句子成分，只起連接作用，因此引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常

27、被省略。2引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，如果不是直接在介詞后，一般可以替代which或who,但不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。2. what的用法。是連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，除表示“什么外，還有“所的the thi ngthat之類(lèi)的意思。3. 牢記平行結(jié)構(gòu)。請(qǐng)翻譯以下連詞：1或者或者既不也不不但而且4不是而是不管還是此外，no soonerthan, hardly when中than 與 when不要用錯(cuò)，有比擬級(jí)sooner,才用than 。考點(diǎn)破解六：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤真題再練以下各小題中有且僅有一處錯(cuò)誤多1個(gè)單詞、少1個(gè)單詞、錯(cuò)1個(gè)單詞，請(qǐng)指出并改正過(guò)來(lái)，然后說(shuō)明理由。1. 2021

28、新課標(biāo)卷 I When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.2. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I Since then for all these years we had been allowing tomatoesto self-seed where they please. As a result, the pla nts are grow ingThe fruitsare small 3. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I I was only four when she passes aw

29、ay.4. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said,“That ' s it. No more toys for you.5. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷Whenl fin allyarrived at myfrie nd ' s he lent melots of clothes.Ifeel very happy that I could cha nge my clothes at last.6. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II My dream school starts at 8: 3

30、0 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m.There are three less ons in the morning and two in the after noon. We did n' t n eedto do so much homework.7. 2021新課標(biāo)卷 II This custom soon becomes anothermeal of the day.Interestingly,it had a connection with the British porcelain瓷器industry.8. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II A womans

31、aw him crying and tellinghim to wait outside the shop.9. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II Wecan lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music.10. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.11. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II Tony was scared and begun to c

32、ry.12. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II Tea in China was traditionallydrank from cups without handles.13. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷Luckily, I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothesI had was those I had on.14. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II My dream school look like a big garden.15. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I We must found ways to protect the environment.

33、16. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patie nee, I must make my toys last.思路點(diǎn)撥從真題再練來(lái)看，5年8套題有16道是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)，平均每套 2道題，可見(jiàn)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞在短文改錯(cuò)中是錯(cuò)得最多的，是最重要的考點(diǎn)。短文一般含8到10句話，對(duì)每句話的謂語(yǔ)一定都要仔細(xì)研究?？砂匆韵戮€索去思考：1. 查時(shí)態(tài)是否一致。遇到某個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與上下文的時(shí)態(tài)不一致時(shí)，十有八九是出錯(cuò)了，需仔細(xì)審查。女叮真題再練1,前面兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞 was,hoped和后面的wou

34、ld都是過(guò)去式，而think卻用一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)，不一致，就很可能錯(cuò)了，需重點(diǎn)核實(shí)。2. 查語(yǔ)態(tài)是否正確。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，即謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“ be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。真題再練10、11、12題即考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。1查該用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。如果是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，句中有行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能再用be。如真題再練10, “研究與“說(shuō)明是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，已有行為動(dòng)詞show 了，就不能再用 be,故刪除bee n。2如果要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，看是否漏掉be;同時(shí)注意be的時(shí)態(tài)是否正確，主謂是否一致，過(guò)去分詞拼寫(xiě)是否正確常誤寫(xiě)成過(guò)去式或原形。如真題再練12,就是過(guò)去分詞的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò) 誤。3.

35、查并列動(dòng)詞的形式是否一致。在A and /or B 或A, B and C 這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中，A, B, C 的形式應(yīng)一致，關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)誰(shuí)跟誰(shuí) 并列，不要找錯(cuò)對(duì)象，尤其當(dāng)句子有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)更應(yīng)注意。如真題再練8、9。4. 查主謂是否一致。有時(shí)雖然前后時(shí)態(tài)是一致的，但主謂不一致。如真題再練13,主語(yǔ)clothes是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞卻用單數(shù) was;真題再練14,主語(yǔ)My dream school是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 look卻用復(fù)數(shù)原形。5. 查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否用錯(cuò)。假設(shè)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，首先根據(jù)語(yǔ)境體會(huì)句子所表達(dá)的語(yǔ)氣與情態(tài)，判斷是否用錯(cuò)了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如真題再練16, “我明白了，有了耐心，我就一

36、定讓我的玩具用得更久，玩具是否用得久， 還受本身的質(zhì)量或其他因素的影響，用“一定must 語(yǔ)氣太強(qiáng)了，改用“可能 could 更好。另外，我們知道，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有三大特征：1后面一定要接動(dòng)詞原形，并與之一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。2沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。3其疑問(wèn)式或否認(rèn)式不借助于do。因此，我們還要考慮作者是否因不懂情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的根本用法而用錯(cuò)了。如真題再練15, must后接found，這就錯(cuò)了，應(yīng)改為原形find 。考點(diǎn)歸納僅考謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤不但每年必考，而且考得最多，每套題中平均有兩處錯(cuò)。到目前為止，查了以下8點(diǎn)：1. 前后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。2. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中已有行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)卻多用了be。3. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中或者完

37、成時(shí)態(tài)中，過(guò)去分詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)。如：A little girl was hurted and her mother needed help. 2021大綱卷 II解析：“小女孩被弄傷，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是對(duì)的，但hurt的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞與原形是相同的，即 hurt hurt hurt，故 hurted 錯(cuò)了，應(yīng)改為 hurt。Since then we haven ' t see each other much.But we ' ve kept writing to each other.2007新課標(biāo)卷解析：由since then自那時(shí)起到現(xiàn)在可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是正確的，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“

38、have+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，故see錯(cuò)了，要改為seen。4. 并列謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)形式應(yīng)該一致卻沒(méi)有一致。5. 主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該一致卻沒(méi)有一致。6情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后本應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形卻接了過(guò)去式，或者根本沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞。如：So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests. 2021大綱卷解析：should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面一定要跟動(dòng)詞原形，而able是形容詞，故應(yīng)加 be,構(gòu)成be able to 能夠。7. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣。女口： My father was so pleased that he suggested I went to Engl

39、and for a holiday. 2021 大綱卷I解析：因表示“提議，建議的suggest后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“should + do ，所以we nt要改為go。8. 命題人有時(shí)也會(huì)利用某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞拼寫(xiě)相同，將一般過(guò)去時(shí)成心誤寫(xiě)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要求考生刪除have或has。女口： Li Ming came to see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to an other city. 2007新課標(biāo)卷解析：由后面的并列句中的moved可知，change也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故刪除c

40、hanged前的has。提醒：時(shí)態(tài)只需注意前后一致，且只需注意現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)就行了。如真題再練2,根據(jù)Si nee the n從那時(shí)起到現(xiàn)在，或由下文are growi ng, are small可知，應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)， 而had是過(guò)去時(shí)，應(yīng)改為 have即可。不必按現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)這 樣去理解?？键c(diǎn)破解七：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤真題再練以下各小題中有且僅有一處錯(cuò)誤多1個(gè)單詞、少1個(gè)單詞、錯(cuò)1個(gè)單詞，請(qǐng)指出并改正過(guò)來(lái)，然后說(shuō)明理由。1. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷My puni shme nt lasted a year. Mean while, I found out that with

41、 more patie nee, I could make my toys to last. My attitude cha nged from the n on.2. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou.3. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his pare nts were miss ing.4. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II Have tea in th

42、e late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner.思路點(diǎn)撥1. 當(dāng)句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面又出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，且該動(dòng)詞前沒(méi)有并列連詞時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。2. 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式或不定式具體某次，如真題再練4;在介詞后作賓 語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，如真題再練3。3. 根據(jù)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，判斷分詞是否用錯(cuò)。如真題再 練2。又如：It will be lots of fun practis ingout in the playgro und in the after noon with the

43、 trees around us all red and yellow and everybody laughed and shouti ng. 2007大綱卷II解析：在 and everybody laughed and shouting 中，因 everybody 與 laugh 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，故改laughed為laughing。4. 用固定搭配去判斷是否有錯(cuò)。如 had better do sth., agree to do sth., help do sth., would like to do sth., helpsb. do sth., make /l

44、et /have sb. do sth.使某人做某事 ;see /hear sb. do sth. 看到/聽(tīng)到某人做某事;see /hear sb.doing sth.看到/聽(tīng)到某人正在做某事等。如真題再練1?？键c(diǎn)歸納1. 作主語(yǔ)或作介詞賓語(yǔ)，該用動(dòng)詞-ing形式時(shí)卻用了原形。尤其注意分清to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)。一定要熟記look forward to, be used to, be devoted to, get accustomed to等常用的to是介詞的短語(yǔ)。如：He isn ' t good at talk but he gets on well with other pe

45、ople. 2021大綱卷解析：talk在介詞at后作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)用動(dòng)詞 -ing形式，故改talk為talking 。2. 作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式用錯(cuò)。女口： Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing2021 大纟岡卷II解析：水“被用，用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故改using為used。3. 在 make sb. do sth., ask sb. to do sth., help sb. do sth.等固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，多用to ,少用to，或to后接動(dòng)詞的-ing女口： My brother was

46、so fondano ther couple of days. 2021解析：由 beg sb. to do sth.4.只能接不定式或只能接動(dòng)詞of形式。the museumsthere that he begged my parents to staying 大綱卷II懇求某人做某事可知，要將staying 改為stay。ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的固定搭配。女口： Last year, she decided study abroad. Inother words, we would be separated for a long time. 2021 大綱卷 II解析：由decide to do

47、 sth.決定做某事可知，要在 study 前加to。5. 情感類(lèi)動(dòng)詞的-ed分詞與-ing分詞的區(qū)別。如: My friend Nick told me a story about his experience back in the US, which wasvery interested. 2021新課標(biāo)卷解析：句中的 which代表a story about his experience，即“他的故事是有趣的，應(yīng)當(dāng)用-ing分詞作形容詞，因?yàn)?interested 是表示人“感興趣的，故將interested 改為in teresti ng。6. 不定式的被動(dòng)式中過(guò)去分詞的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。女

48、口： If I have the honor to be chose to work for the 29th Olympic Games, I will first improve my English2021 大綱卷 II解析：我有幸被選去為第29屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)工作，不定式用被動(dòng)式是正確的，但構(gòu)成被動(dòng)式的過(guò)去分詞chose錯(cuò)了，應(yīng)改為 chosen?？键c(diǎn)破解八：詞性誤用真題再練1. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 lLots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.2. 202

49、1 新課標(biāo)卷 IThe fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.3. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 IWe are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!4. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 IIMom said, “ How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. Tony promised her that this would never happen again.5. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 IIThe teachers here are kind

50、 and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our frien ds.6. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 III nteresti ng, it had a conn ection to the British porcelai n瓷器in dustry.7. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 IIThis made for the grow in the porcelain industry.思路點(diǎn)撥做這類(lèi)題的前提要具備兩個(gè)根底： 一是要懂得分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，即劃分句子成分； 二是知道充當(dāng)各個(gè)句子成分的詞類(lèi)或詞性。如：充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的應(yīng)是名詞，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)

51、、表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的應(yīng)是形容詞，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的應(yīng)是副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或全句。有了這些根底，找這類(lèi)錯(cuò)就容易了?？键c(diǎn)歸納 這是一個(gè)常考點(diǎn)，幾乎年年都考，甚至一份試卷中出現(xiàn)兩道這類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤。錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型有：1. 在句中作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)本應(yīng)用形容詞，卻用了副詞或名詞等別的詞性的詞。如真題再練1. 2、3、5。2. 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或全句作狀語(yǔ)本應(yīng)用副詞，卻用了形容詞。如真題再練4和6。3. 在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)本該用名詞卻用了動(dòng)詞等別的詞性的詞。如真題再練7?？键c(diǎn)破解九：常用詞語(yǔ)辨析錯(cuò)誤真題再練以下各小題中有且僅有一處錯(cuò)誤多1個(gè)單詞、少1個(gè)單詞、錯(cuò)1個(gè)單詞，請(qǐng)指出并改正過(guò)來(lái)，然后說(shuō)明理由。1. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I Mu

52、ch rare animals are dying out.2. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I pla nted some cherry tomatoes in our back garde n.3. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty.There are somuch that we often share them with our neighbors.4. 2

53、021 新課標(biāo)卷 I I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her kn ees and sing old son gs.5. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 I However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.6. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry 7. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷I was at the Shanghai Railway Stat

54、ion buying a ticket to Hangzhou.I was going to visit a friend here.8. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II We don ' t need to do so many homework.9. 2021 新課標(biāo)卷 II He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.思路點(diǎn)撥只有在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中注意收集那些容易混淆的常用詞語(yǔ)，做起題來(lái)才得心應(yīng)手。解答此類(lèi)題從以下幾個(gè)方面入手。1. 從搭配上去區(qū)分。如真題再練1、& much不能接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，可見(jiàn)1錯(cuò)了；

55、 many后也不能接單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，所以8錯(cuò)了。2. 從意義上去區(qū)分。如真題再練5, “他是我從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到過(guò)的最溫柔的人，沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到過(guò)，你怎么知道是最溫柔的人？可想到作者應(yīng)是表達(dá)“在見(jiàn)到過(guò)的所有人中，他是最溫柔的人。3. 從結(jié)構(gòu)上去區(qū)分。如真題再練 4, be used todoing可這樣記：有 be才有ing 。4. 從用法上去區(qū)別。如真題再練2?？键c(diǎn)歸納常用詞的用法辨析是一個(gè)?？键c(diǎn)，主要考點(diǎn)有8個(gè)：1. many與much的誤用?？嫉念l率最高辨析：many修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；much修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞只有單數(shù)形式。2. so, very, much 與 very much 的誤用。辨析：1so 與very均可修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，如 so good, very good, so well, very well，但so與very 一般只能用一個(gè)而不同時(shí)用，如不能說(shuō)so very good, sovery w