食品專業(yè)英語詞匯56528

1、食品專業(yè)英語常用詞匯 海南大學(xué)食品學(xué)院編化學(xué)名詞中常用的數(shù)目詞頭1/2hemi, semi19nonadeca1mono, uni20eicosa2di, bi, bis 21heneicosa3tri, ter22docosa4tetra, quadri23tricosa5penta,quinqui,quinque24tetracosa6hexa, sexi25pentacosa7hepta, septi26hexocosa8octa27heptacosa9ennea, nona28octacosa10deca29nonacosa11undeca, hendeca30triaconta12d

2、odeca31hentriaconta13trideca40tetraconta14tetradeca50pentaconta15pentadeca60hexacoonta16hexadeca70heptaconta17heptadeca80octaconta18octadeca90enneaconta1、 詞頭mono-一uni- 一bi-二di- 二tri- 三tertio-三tertrial-三tetra-四quart-四penta-五hexa-六hepta- 七octa-八nona-九deca- 十undeca-十一dodeca-十二trideca- 十三tetradeca-十四pen

3、tadeca-十五hexadeca-十六Heptadeca-十七Octadeca-十八Nonadeca-十九Arachidic-二十Methyl-甲基Ethyl-乙基Propyl-丙基Butyl-丁基Amyl-戊基Hexyl-己基Heptyl-庚基Octyl-辛基Nonyl-壬基Decyl-癸基Cyclo-環(huán)Iso-異Hemi-半Semi-半Hemo-血Homo-同Holo-完全Heter(o)-雜，異，其它Ov-卵alkane烷烴 paraffin石蠟 olefin石蠟alkene烯烴 alkyne炔烴 alcohol醇ketone酮aldehyde醛phenol酚ether醚acid酸es

4、ter酯amine胺amide酰胺acylhalide酰鹵halide鹵代物quinone醌hyper-過于，超，極度super-過于，超，極度hypo-次，亞，在之下per-高oligo- 寡，少數(shù)的ortho- 正-，鄰-，（o-）meta-偏-，間-，(m-)para-傍-，對-，副-normal正-trans反-cis 順-benzyl芐基benzoyl 苯甲酰（基）acetyl乙?；鵳ropionyl丙?；鵥utyryl 丁?；鵷hionyl 亞硫酰基thio-硫-sulfonyl-磺酰fluoro-氟代chloro-氯代iodo-碘代bromo-溴代hydroxyl(l)-羥基ca

5、rboxy(l)-羧基carbony(l)-羰基alkyl烷基alkoxyl烷氧基amido酰胺基amino氨基imino亞氨基sulfhydryl巰基guanidino胍基imidazole咪唑基methylol羥甲基methylene亞甲基primary伯-，一級secondary仲-，二級tertiary叔-，三級quaternary 季-，四級 2、詞尾-ane-烷-ene-烯-yne-炔-enol-烯醇-ol-醇-al-醛-aldehyde-醛 -one-酮-amine-胺-amide-酰胺-imine-亞胺-ate-鹽，-酯-ester-酯-ether-醚-ide-酐，-化-ite

6、-亞鹽-itol-糖醇-oside-糖苷-onic-酮酸，-糖酸-ose-醛糖-ulose-酮糖-an-聚糖-yl-基-genin-配基-ase-酶詞lefini3 有機酸與核苷酸Formic acid甲酸Acetic a.乙酸Propionic a.丙酸Butyric a.丁酸Caproic a.己酸Heptoic a.庚酸Caprylic a.辛酸Capric a.癸酸Lauric a.月桂酸Myristic a.肉豆蔻酸Palmitic a.棕櫚酸（軟脂酸）Palmitoleic a.棕櫚油酸Stearic a.硬脂酸Oleic a.油酸Linoleic a.亞油酸Linolenic a

7、.亞麻酸eicosanoic花生酸，二十烷酸Arachidonic花生四烯酸butannoic丁酸hexanoic己酸heptylate, heptanoate庚酸octanoic, octoic辛酸decanoic癸酸dodecanoic十二酸t(yī)etradecanoic十四酸hexadecanoic十六酸9-hexadecenoic十六-9-烯酸octadecanoic十八酸9-octadecenoic十八-9-烯酸9,12,15-octadecatrienoic十八碳三烯酸Arachidic 二十酸5,8,11,14-eicostetraenoic二十碳四烯酸13-docosenoic二十

8、二碳-13-烯酸Citric 檸檬酸Lactic乳酸Acetic乙酸，醋酸Malic 蘋果酸Tartaric 酒石酸Oxalic 草酸Amber 琥珀酸Fumaric 富馬酸Succinic 琥珀酸Tannic 丹寧酸Tannin單寧Benzoic 苯甲酸Sorbic 山梨酸Adenosine(A)腺苷Guanosine(G)鳥苷Cyridine(C)胞苷Uridine(U)尿苷Thymine(Thy)胸腺嘧啶Cytosine(Cyt)胞嘧啶Uracil(Ura)尿嘧啶Nucleic acid核酸Nucleotide核苷酸Ribonucleic acid核糖核酸Deoxyribonucleic

9、脫氧核糖核酸Nucleoside核苷Ribose核糖Purine嘌呤Adenine(Ade)腺嘌呤Guanine(Gua)鳥嘌呤Pyrimidine嘧啶4 糖類與脂類furanose呋喃糖pyranose吡喃糖arabinose阿拉伯糖xylose木糖ribose核糖glucose葡萄糖fructose果糖galactose半乳糖mannose甘露糖sorbose山梨糖fucose巖藻糖galacturonic acid半乳糖醛酸glucuronic acid葡萄糖醛酸oligosaccharide寡糖oligose寡糖polysaccharide多糖polyose多糖mucopolysacc

10、haride粘多糖sucrose蔗糖maltose麥芽糖isomaltose異麥芽糖dextrin糊精cyclodextrin環(huán)狀糊精amylose直鏈淀粉amylopectin支鏈淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose纖維素hemicellulose半纖維素pectic substances果膠質(zhì)protopectin原果膠levulose左旋糖dextrose右旋糖monosaccharide單糖monose單糖monosaccharose單糖disaccharide雙糖disaccharose雙糖triose三碳糖tetrose四碳糖aldose醛糖Ketose酮糖homoglyca

11、n同（均）聚糖heteroglycan雜聚糖glycan聚糖glycosan聚糖glucan葡聚糖fructosan果聚糖xylan木聚糖mannan甘露聚糖hexosan己聚糖glycoside糖苷，配糖物glucosyl葡萄糖（基）glycerol甘油glycerine甘油glycoritol甘油酸鹽glycerate甘油糖醇sorbitol山梨糖醇glucitol葡萄糖醇xylitol木糖醇mannitol甘露糖醇syrup糖漿golden syrup糖蜜，佐餐糖漿molasses（廢）糖蜜caramel焦糖，醬色molasses mass廢糖蜜漿caramelize焦糖化saturat

12、ed fatty acid飽和脂肪酸glyceride甘油酯glycerin ester甘油酯 triglyceride甘油三酸酯tristearin三硬脂酸甘油酯glycerin單硬脂酸甘油酯triolein三油酸甘油酯phosphatide磷脂phospholipid磷脂glycerophospholipid甘油磷脂lecithin卵磷脂cephalin腦磷脂glycolipid糖酯choline膽堿inositol肌醇ethanolamine乙醇胺sterol固醇cholesterol膽固醇steroid類固醇化合物5、分析reagent試劑sequestering agent螯合劑ch

13、elating agent螯合劑qualitative analysis定性分析quantitative analysis定量分析methyl red甲基紅methyl orange甲基橙neutral red中性紅sensuous identification感觀鑒定optical analysis光學(xué)分析accuracy準(zhǔn)確度precision精密度deviation偏差error誤差visible - ultraviolet 可見-紫外absorbance吸光度spectral curve光譜曲線titrimetry 滴定分析standard curve標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線standardizati

14、on標(biāo)定fluorometry熒光分析法fluorescence熒光spectrometry光譜測定法mass spectrometry質(zhì)譜法volumetric flask容量瓶beaker燒杯flask燒瓶conical flask三角瓶graduated cylinder量筒funnel漏斗desiccator干燥器desiccant干燥劑drying oven烘箱defecate用石灰澄清defect缺陷，疵病6、無機鹽sodium carbonate碳酸鈉sodium bicarbonate碳酸氫鈉sodium bisulphate硫酸氫鈉Sodium bisulphate亞硫酸氫鈉

15、phosphite亞磷酸鹽phosphate磷酸鹽disodium phosphate磷酸氫二鈉phosphide磷化物Mono-sodium phosphate磷酸氫鈉nitrate硝酸鹽Nitrite亞硝酸鹽Sulphur(S)硫Sulphuric acid硫酸Sulphate(sulfate)硫酸鹽Sulphurous acid亞硫酸Sulphite(sulfite)亞硫酸鹽Sulphide(sulfide)硫化物oxide氧化物fluoride氟化物fluorine氟chloride氯化物chlorine(Cl)氯bromide溴化物bromine(Br)溴iodide碘化物iodin

16、e(I)碘carbide碳化物silicate硅酸鹽iodate碘酸鹽Chloride漂白粉bleaching powder漂白粉high test hypochlorite漂白精Hypochlorite次氯酸鹽Perchlorate高氯酸鹽Chlorate正氯酸鹽Hydroxide氫氧根離子Chlorinity氯含量Cyanide氰化物Cyanic acid氰酸7食品化學(xué)emulsifier乳化器，乳化劑emulsion乳濁液Glycerin monostearate單硬脂酸甘油酯Soybean phospholipid大豆磷脂spicery香料，佐料seasoning佐料，調(diào)味料seaso

17、ner佐料，調(diào)味料Seasoning matter佐料，調(diào)味料Sweet orange oil甜橙油Mandarin oil橘子油Lemon oil檸檬油Spearmint oil 薄荷油vanillin香蘭素maltol麥芽酚ethylmaltol乙基麥芽酚Active carbon活性碳diatomaceous硅藻土kaolin高嶺土，白陶土antifoamer消泡劑antiadhesive抗粘著劑Anti-caking agent抗結(jié)塊劑Benzyl acetate乙酸芐酯antimold防霉劑Isoamyl acetate乙酸異戊酯Antiseptic agent消毒劑Sweetene

18、r甜味劑Antitoxic解毒劑Thickener增稠劑Synergist增效劑Sodium alginate海藻酸鈉Stabilizer穩(wěn)定劑carboxy methyl cellulose羧甲基纖維素adsorption isotherm 吸附等溫線desorption解吸resorption回吸moisture濕度，水分centrifugate離心clarify澄清，凈化clarification澄清，凈化homogenize均質(zhì)，均化homogenate勻漿emulsify乳化Deshell脫殼Decorticate脫皮Degum脫膠Defatting脫脂Dehull脫殼Degreas

19、e脫脂Hygroscopicity吸濕性Diffusion擴散性Viscosity粘性，粘度Volatility揮發(fā)性Plasticity可塑性permeability滲透性Impermeability不滲透性，氣密性O(shè)smotic pressure滲透壓Depolymerize解聚Hydrolysis水解作用Pyrolysis熱解，高溫分解Browning褐變Rancidity酸敗Palatability可口性Lubrication潤滑Solubility溶解度/性Solvability溶解能力Dipolar偶極Dielectric constant介電常數(shù)Equilibrium const

20、ant平衡常數(shù)8 常見食品分類名詞mango芒果cashew腰果pomegranate石榴guava番石榴Passion fruit西番蓮mandarin(e)蜜橘，橘orange橙Litchi, lychee荔枝longan龍眼plum李，梅jujube棗hawthorn山楂papaya木瓜sugar cane甘蔗Betel nut, areca檳榔Chinese mustard芥菜cinnamon肉桂clove丁香menthol薄荷onion洋蔥ginger姜scallion蔥chive細香蔥leek韭菜garlic蒜頭garlic sprouts蒜苗mustard芥末spice香料ess

21、ence香精sesame芝麻soy sauce醬油beef牛肉pork豬肉mutton羊肉flesh of rabbit/hare兔肉fish flesh魚肉seaweed海藻laver紫菜bean curd豆腐sausage香腸margarine人造黃油yogurt酸奶yolk蛋黃Sauerkraut泡菜pickled cabbage 腌菜Chinese cabbage大白菜spinach菠菜eggplant茄子bitter melon苦瓜bitter gourd苦瓜cucumber黃瓜cucumber in soy醬黃瓜wax gourdwhite gourd冬瓜冬瓜cantaloup香瓜

22、，甜瓜pumpkin南瓜dishcloth gourd絲瓜pea豌豆，青豆soy bean, soya黃豆，大豆peanut花生carrot胡蘿卜Chinese radish蘿卜lotus root藕Cassava, manioc木薯9 微生物學(xué)名Aspergillus曲霉屬A.flavus黃曲霉A.foetidus臭曲霉A.niger黑曲霉A.oryzae米曲霉A.usamii宇佐美曲霉Absidia梨頭霉屬Acetobacter醋酸桿菌屬Agaricus蘑菇屬Bacillus芽孢桿菌屬Bacillus subtilis枯草芽孢桿菌Brevibacterium短桿菌屬Candida假絲酵母屬

23、Clostridium梭狀芽孢桿菌屬Corynebacterium棒桿菌屬Escherichia coli大腸埃希氏菌Hansenula漢遜酵母屬Lactobacillus乳桿菌屬Mucor毛霉屬Rhizopus根霉屬Rhodotorula紅酵母屬Saccharomyces釀酒酵母屬Salmonella沙門氏菌屬streptococcus鏈球菌屬Trichoderma木霉屬Trichoderma viride綠色木霉Willianus威爾酵母菌10食品微生物及發(fā)酵diplobacillus雙桿菌colony菌落spore芽孢，孢子capsule莢膜bacteriophage噬菌體family科

24、hypha菌絲spore孢子Infect感染，傳染Infuse浸制，泡制Commercial fermentation工業(yè)發(fā)酵Feeding進料Diffuse浸提Corrupt腐敗的，不潔Defoam消泡De-esterification脫脂作用Degeneration退化Degrade退化，降解Depurate凈化，精制Desiccate干燥Dextrine糊精Assimilation同化作用dissimilation異化作用nitrification硝化作用denitrification反硝化作用Nitrogen fixation固氮作用Pasteur fixation巴氏效應(yīng)fermen

25、tability可發(fā)酵性Homofermentation同型發(fā)酵heterofermentation異型發(fā)酵Autolysis自溶現(xiàn)象Schizogenesis裂殖Budding芽殖Dormancy休眠Lag phage延滯期Decline phase衰亡期Stationary phase穩(wěn)定期Exponential growth指數(shù)生長期Recipient受體Log phage對數(shù)生長期Corrosive腐敗性，腐蝕性deastringent脫澀Clone克隆Mutation突變Mutant突變體Mutagenesis誘變Mutagen誘變劑 Variation變異Genotype基因型Pr

26、ototroph原氧型Auxotroph營養(yǎng)缺陷型nutrient agar營養(yǎng)瓊脂nutrient broth營養(yǎng)肉湯bean sprouts medium豆芽汁培養(yǎng)基agar 瓊脂meat extract肉膏beef extract牛肉膏malt wort麥芽汁yeast extract酵母膏agar slant 瓊脂斜面contaminant污染物（雜菌）inoculum接種物inoculation接種inoculate接種culture transferring移菌aseptic technique無菌操作cultivation培養(yǎng)purification純化sterilization

27、滅菌autoclave高壓滅菌tyndallization間歇分段）滅菌filtration sterilization過濾除菌inactivate鈍化，滅活incineration灼燒滅菌pasteurization巴氏消毒法confection糖食，糖果candy糖果，蜜餞colloid膠體，膠態(tài)colloid mill膠體磨congeal凝固，凍凝order目fungi真菌fruiting子實體exospore外生孢子parasexuality準(zhǔn)性生殖actinomycetes放線菌anaerobe厭氣菌obligate anaerobe專性厭氧菌saprophytic bacteria

28、腐生菌Gram-positive 革蘭氏陽性 endospore內(nèi)生孢子eubacteria真細菌aerobe需氧菌facultative anaerobe兼性厭氧菌coccus球菌microaerobe微需氧菌diplococcus雙桿菌tetrads四聯(lián)球菌sarcina八疊球菌coccubacillus球桿菌flagellum 鞭毛pilus菌毛sporicidal殺死芽孢的gas vacuole氣泡protoplast原生質(zhì)體mycophage真菌噬菌體trypsin胰蛋白酶tryptic enzyme姨蛋白酶gelatinase明膠蛋白酶papain木瓜蛋白酶inoculating

29、needle接種針loop 接種環(huán)incubator培養(yǎng)箱activated sludge活性污泥immobilized cell固定化細胞flat-sour spoilage平罐酸敗infectious microbe雜菌commercial strain生產(chǎn)用菌株compound barm混合酵母distillation蒸餾conversion coefficient轉(zhuǎn)化率Gram-negative bacteria 革蘭氏陰性菌rod桿菌Decolorize脫色Defecated澄清的Degerming消毒Denature變性Deterioration變質(zhì)，退化Petri plate 培

30、養(yǎng)皿Mash醪液Spoilage酸敗，腐敗primary fermentation前發(fā)酵solid state fermentation固態(tài)發(fā)酵liquid state fermentation液態(tài)發(fā)酵secondary fermentation后發(fā)酵shallow tray fermentation淺盤發(fā)酵main fermentation主發(fā)酵submerged fermentation深層發(fā)酵batch fermentation分批發(fā)酵continuous fermentation連續(xù)發(fā)酵open fermentation敞口發(fā)酵top fermentation上面發(fā)酵bottom fe

31、rmentation下面發(fā)酵fermenter發(fā)酵罐seeding tank種子罐brewing釀造aging陳釀acidification酸化作用antifoam agent消泡劑acetification醋化作用saccharification糖化作用saccharine糖精sacchariferous agents糖化劑raw starter曲koji日本酒曲bran koji麩曲liquid koji液體曲medium培養(yǎng)基Donor供體11食品包裝sealing封口adhension粘合labeling加標(biāo)，貼標(biāo)bar code條形碼solid fibreboard硬紙板箱corru

32、gated box瓦楞紙箱carton盒three-piece can三片罐jar壇，廣口瓶bag, pouch, sachet, sack袋retort殺菌，殺菌鍋aluminium foil bag鋁袋crown王冠蓋tamperproof cap防盜蓋pilfer proof cap扭斷螺紋蓋，防盜蓋plug塞子piston活塞package包裝contents內(nèi)裝物flexible package軟包裝rigid package剛性包裝transparent package透明包裝See-through package透明包裝Outer package外包裝Exterior packa

33、ge外包裝Inner package內(nèi)包裝Interior package內(nèi)包裝domestic package內(nèi)銷包裝export package出口包裝returnable package 回收包裝one-way package不回收包裝 12食品工藝與設(shè)備centrifuge離心機separator分離機retort殺菌器pasteurizer消毒器gauge表，計，量規(guī)milk gauge牛乳比重計retort pouch蒸煮袋vertical立式horizontal臥式plate板式rotary回轉(zhuǎn)式scrapped刮板式scrapped evaporator刮板式蒸發(fā)器double

34、-pipe套管式blanching, scald熱燙lye peeling堿液去皮juice screw-extractor螺旋榨汁機spray drying噴霧干燥grind研磨，破碎subdivide粉碎mill糖廠，粉碎機colloid mill膠體磨sterilizer殺菌器processing in water常壓殺菌commercial sterilization商業(yè)滅菌ultra high temperature 超高溫殺菌(UHTS)baume hydrometer波美比重計roasting焙炒cure 腌制，熏干brine鹽水，鹵水rinsed漂洗chilling冷卻pick

35、led腌制dip浸，浸distilled vinegar白醋distillers grain酒精dosage劑量，補料educt抽出物，浸提物emulsify乳化homogenize均質(zhì)homogenate均漿13食品酶與蛋白質(zhì)lipase脂肪酶lipoxidase脂肪氧化酶lipoxygenase脂肪氧合酶decarboxylase脫羧酶exoenzyme胞外酶exocellular enzyme胞外酶endoenzyme胞內(nèi)酶endocellular enzyme胞內(nèi)酶nuclease核酸酶ribonuclease核糖核酸酶tannase單寧酶cellobiase纖維二糖酶trypsin胰

36、蛋白酶pepsin胃蛋白酶bromelin菠蘿蛋白酶lipolytic enzyme脂肪分解酶dehydratase脫水酶dehydrase脫水酶cellulose纖維素酶cellulosic enzyme纖維素酶lactase乳糖酶peroxidase過氧化物酶superoxide dismutase 超氧化物歧化酶dehydrogenase脫氫酶hydroxylase羥化酶phosphorylase磷酸化酶phosphorylase磷酸化酶amylase胰淀粉酶glucoamylase葡萄糖淀粉酶scurase蔗糖酶invertase轉(zhuǎn)化酶maltase麥芽糖酶fructosidase果糖苷酶glucosidase葡萄糖