Lesson3DieselEngineConstruction1

1、Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction (1)第3 課 柴油機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)(1)Bedplate and Frame機(jī)座和機(jī)架The bedplate, which in most cases is of the welded design, is bolted to the seating which forms a part of the double bottom of the ship.在大多數(shù)情況下機(jī)座是焊接結(jié)構(gòu)，用螺栓固定在構(gòu)成船舶雙層底的底座上。It is secured in the transverse direction by means of bo

2、lts known as side-chock bolts and in longitudinal direction by means of end-chock bolts.它在橫向借助于側(cè)楔墊螺栓，在縱向借助于端楔墊螺栓固定。The crankshaft rests in bearings built into cross girders of the bedplate. These bearings, known as main bearings曲軸安放在機(jī)座橫梁的軸承上，這些軸承稱作主軸承。each consists of two shells which are supported

3、in housings machined in the bedplate and secured by means of studs and bearing caps每個(gè)軸承由兩塊軸瓦組成，兩塊軸瓦由在機(jī)座上加工出的瓦座支撐，用雙頭螺栓和軸承蓋固定The thrust block or thrust bearing, located at the aft end of the engine, may be integral with, or separate from the bedplate.即推力軸承位于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的尾部，可同機(jī)座制成一體，也可同機(jī)座分開(kāi)。On the flat upper s

4、urface of the bedplate are arranged a number of A-shaped frames or entablatures which may be manufactured of cast iron or fabricated steel. The frames are mounted on and bolted to the bedplate cross girders.在機(jī)座上平面裝有若干鑄鐵或鍛鋼制成的A形機(jī)架，機(jī)架安裝在機(jī)座的橫梁上，并用螺栓固定。At the top of the A-frames there is a strong cast i

5、ron frame called the scavenging air boxA 形機(jī)架頂部有一個(gè)結(jié)實(shí)的框架結(jié)構(gòu)叫掃氣箱which is built of a number sections provided with vertical flanges enabling them to be bolted together to form a block for 1-3 cylinders in front of the chain transmission, and a block with 4-6 cylinders aft of the chain transmission.該掃氣箱分若

6、干段，每段均帶有垂直法蘭，通過(guò)螺栓可將它們?cè)阪渹鲃?dòng)裝置前13 缸的部分連成一體，鏈傳動(dòng)裝置后4 缸6 缸的部分連成一體。The chain transmission, forming the connection between the crankshaft and the camshaft, is enclosed in a cast iron casing known as the chain drive casing.鏈傳動(dòng)裝置將曲軸和凸輪軸連在一起，封閉在鏈傳動(dòng)箱的殼體內(nèi)。Cylinders and covers氣缸和氣缸蓋On top of scavenging air box is

7、 mounted strong cast iron frame for each cylinder.在掃氣箱上部，每個(gè)氣缸裝有一個(gè)堅(jiān)固的鑄鐵框架。These frames are known as cylinder blocks or cooling jackets, which are provided with vertical flanges enabling them to be bolted together in the foremost and aftmost groups in the same way as the scavenging air boxes.這些框架稱作氣缸體

8、或冷卻水套，并帶有垂直法蘭，與掃氣箱一樣，可用螺栓將各框架連成首尾一組。The bedplate, frames and cylinder blocks are secured together by long tie-rods to achieve a greater rigid construction with less deformation in service and lower vibration.機(jī)座、機(jī)架和氣缸體用長(zhǎng)貫穿螺栓連到一起，形成一個(gè)較大的堅(jiān)實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，減少了使用時(shí)產(chǎn)生的變形及振動(dòng)。The cylinder liners are made of alloyed cast

9、iron and the cylinder surfaces are sometimes chromium-plated.氣缸套由鑄鐵制造，缸套表面有時(shí)鍍鉻。The cylinder liners are extend somewhat down in the scavenging air box氣缸套有些向下延伸到掃氣箱and sealing between the liner and the top of the scavenging air box is achieved by the rubber rings fitted into the slots machine-turned i

10、n the liners.缸套與掃氣箱頂部的密封由橡膠圈實(shí)現(xiàn)，橡膠圈安裝在缸套上切削的環(huán)槽內(nèi)。In the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box there is a series of openings known as scavenging air ports.在氣缸套伸入掃氣箱內(nèi)的部位有一列開(kāi)口就是所謂的掃氣口。These ports are located at such a height that they are just exposed by the upper edge of the piston wh

11、en the piston is in the bottom dead-centre position.氣口的高度是這樣布置的，當(dāng)活塞位于下止點(diǎn)時(shí)，活塞上緣剛好打開(kāi)氣口。The ports are drilled in the liners at an angle of approx. 20°, the result being that the scavenging air is given a rotary movement.氣口在缸套上以大約200的傾角鉆成，其結(jié)果是使掃氣旋轉(zhuǎn)。Each cylinder is closed at the top by a cylinder c

12、over, made of a special heat-resistant steel, the cover is mounted against a flat surface at the top of the cylinder liner and located on the liner by means of a machine-turned guide edge.缸蓋裝在缸套頂部的平面上，并由機(jī)械加工的凸肩定位。密封圈嵌入在缸蓋錐形部分車削的環(huán)槽中。A sealing ring is inserted in a groove turned in the conical part of

13、 the cover. The fitting of the sealing ring in the conical surface must be carried out with great care. The cylinder covers and the liners are bolted together by means of studs screwed onto the cylinder frames.將密封圈嵌入錐形面時(shí)必須十分小心。氣缸蓋和氣缸套用旋入缸體中的雙頭螺栓固定。The cylinder liner has drillings for cylinder lubric

14、ation, and, in later types, has drillings for cooling water at the uppermost part of it.缸套上有鉆孔，用于潤(rùn)滑，新型的缸套在其最上部鉆孔用于冷卻。In each cylinder cover is a large central opening for mounting the exhaust valve, and two or three holes for the fuel valves.每個(gè)缸蓋上有一個(gè)大型的中心孔，用于安裝排氣閥，還有兩到三個(gè)用于裝噴油器The cylinder cover is a

15、lso provided with holes for: the starting valve; the safety valve; the indicator cock; the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet to the exhaust valve cooling chamber.還有些孔用來(lái)安裝起動(dòng)閥、安全閥、示功閥，以及排氣閥冷卻水腔的進(jìn)出口。 B.Multiple Choice選擇題Questions 15 are based on paragraphs 13.根據(jù)課文第1-3段回答問(wèn)題，1-51.How is th

16、e bedplate secured in the longitudinal direction? 機(jī)座在縱向上是如何固定的?答素.AA.By means of end-chock bolts. 借助于端楔墊螺栓B.By means of tie bolts. 借助于系緊螺栓。C.By means of side-bolts. 借助于側(cè)螺栓D.By means of through bolts. 借助于貫穿螺栓2.How are the two shells of the main bearing fixed? 主軸承的兩片軸瓦是如何固定的?答素;AA.By means of studs an

17、d bearing caps. 用雙頭螺栓和軸承蓋固定B.By means of bolts. 用螺栓固定。C.By means of studs and nuts. 用雙頭螺栓和螺母固定D.By means of through bolts用貫穿螺栓固定。.3.Which of the following is true about the thrust block? 下列關(guān)于推力塊的表述哪個(gè)是正確的?答案;BA.It is located at the fore end of the engine. 它位于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的前端B.It can be an independent part. 它可以

18、是獨(dú)立的部件C.It is always an integral part of the bedplate. 它總是機(jī)座整體的一部分D.It is used to transfer the thrust to the engine. 它用于將推力傳遞給發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。4.A number of cylinder liners are enclosed in one cast iron casing to form a . 若干缸套裝在一個(gè)鑄鐵的箱體內(nèi)形成了一個(gè)_。答案;BA.cylinder cover氣缸蓋B.cylinder block氣缸體C.cylinder fra機(jī)座me氣缸架D.bedpl

19、ate機(jī)座5.The chain transmission, forming the connection between and the camshaft, is enclosed in the chain drive casing. 鏈傳動(dòng)裝置將_和凸輪軸連接在一起，封閉在鏈傳動(dòng)箱的殼體內(nèi)。答案BA.the turning gear盤(pán)車機(jī)B.the crankshaft曲軸C.the connecting rod連桿D.the piston rod活塞桿Questions 6 - 10 are based on paragraphs 4 - 7.根據(jù)課文第4 -7段回答問(wèn)題6-106.Wh

20、at is the function of tie rods? 貫穿螺栓的作用是什么?答素:CA.To fix the cylinder covers and the liners together. 將缸蓋和缸套固定在一起B(yǎng).To support the cylinder. 支撐氣缸。C.To secure the bedplate，frames and cylinder blocks together. 將機(jī)座、機(jī)架和氣缸體固定在一D.To stiffen the foundation of the engine. 加固發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)。7.Where are the scavenging a

21、ir ports located? 掃氣口在哪個(gè)部位?答素;DA.They are located at such a height that they are just exposed by the upper edge of the piston when the piston is in the TDC position. .掃氣口的高度是這樣布置的，當(dāng)活塞位于上止點(diǎn)時(shí)，活塞上沿剛好打開(kāi)氣口。B.They are located in the upper part of the liner. 掃氣口位于缸套的上部C.They are located close to the cylind

22、er cover. 掃氣口靠近缸蓋D.They are located in the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box. 掃氣口位于氣缸套伸人掃氣箱內(nèi)的部位。8.How is sealing between the liner and the top of the scavenging air box achieved? .缸套和掃氣箱頂部的密封是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的?0素-CA.It is achieved by washers. 通過(guò)墊片實(shí)現(xiàn)。B.It is achieved by stuffing box. 通過(guò)填料箱

23、實(shí)現(xiàn)C.It is achieved by the rubber rings fitted into the slots machine-turned in the liners通過(guò)缸套上車削環(huán)槽內(nèi)安裝的橡皮環(huán)實(shí)現(xiàn)。.D.It is achieved by sealing rings fitted into the slots in the scavenging air box. 通過(guò)在掃氣箱環(huán)槽內(nèi)安裝密封環(huán)實(shí)現(xiàn)。9.Why are the scavenging ports drilled in the liners at a certain angle? 掃氣口為什么要以一定的角度鉆在缸套上

24、?答案:AA.Because in this way the scavenging air is given a rotary movement. 因?yàn)檫@種方式可使掃氣旋轉(zhuǎn)B.Because the scavenging air will flow into the cylinder at an angle of 20 degree. 因?yàn)閽邭鈺?huì)以20“的角度流人氣缸。C.Because the scavenging air will flow straightly into the cylinder. 因?yàn)閽邭鈺?huì)直接流人氣缸D.Because the amount of the scaven

25、ging air will be controlled. 因?yàn)榭梢钥刂茠邭饬俊?0.What is the strong cast iron frame called which is mounted on top of the scavenging air box for each cylinder? 在掃氣箱上部，每個(gè)氣缸安裝的堅(jiān)固的鑄鐵框架是什么?答案;AA.Cooling jacket. 冷卻水套B.Cylinder liner. 氣缸套C.Piston crown. 活塞頭D.Cylinder cover. 氣缸蓋Questions 11-14 are based on paragr

26、aphs 8-10. 根據(jù)課文第8-10段回答問(wèn)題11-1411.What is the cylinder cover made of? .缸蓋是由什么材料制成的?答素:CA.Cast iron. 鑄鐵B.Cast steel. 鑄鋼。C.Special heat-resistant steel. 特殊耐熱鋼。D.Forged steel. 鍛鋼12.How is the cylinder cover mounted? .缸蓋是如何安裝的?答案.AA.It is pressed onto the flange of the cylinder liner by means of nuts and

27、 studs. 壓在缸套的臺(tái)肩上并用螺母和雙頭螺栓固定。B.It is secured to the cylinder liner by welding. 通過(guò)焊接的方式固定在缸套上C.The cylinder cover and the liner are forged together. 缸蓋和缸套鍛造在一起D.The cylinder cover is screwed into the liner. 缸蓋擰人缸套內(nèi)。13.There are many valves in the cylinder cover. What are they? 缸蓋上有許多閥，分別是哪些閥?答素.BA.The

28、y are the exhaust valve，the fuel valves，the starting valve and the air inlet ports. 有排氣閥、燃油閥、啟動(dòng)閥和進(jìn)氣口。B.They are the exhaust valve，the fuel valves，the starting valve，the safety valve and the indicator cock. .有排氣閥、燃油閥、啟動(dòng)閥、安全閥和示功閥C.They are the exhaust valve，the fuel valves，the purge valve，the safety v

29、alve and the indicator cock. 有排氣閥、燃油閥、驅(qū)氣閥、安全閥和示功閥。D.They are the exhaust valve，the fuel valves，the starting valve，the safety valve and the air release valve. 有排氣閥、燃油閥、啟動(dòng)閥、安全閥和放氣閥。14.Which of the following statements is not true concerning the cylinder liner? 下列關(guān)于缸套的表述哪個(gè)是不正確的?0素.CA.The bore of each c

30、ylinder is formed in a liner which can be replaced when worn out. 每個(gè)缸的缸套內(nèi)有空，缸套磨損時(shí)可以更換B.The cylinder liner has drillings for cylinder lubrication. 缸套上有用于氣缸潤(rùn)滑的鉆孔。C.In later types，the cylinder liner has drillings for cooling water at the lowermost part of it. 新型的缸套在其最下部還有鉆孔用于冷卻水。D.The cylinder liners o

31、f the main engine are usually made of heat-resistant and wearable cast iron. 主機(jī)的缸套通常由耐熱和耐磨鑄鐵制造。Task 2Vocabulary and Structure任務(wù)2詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)A. Technical Terms A.專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)Translate the following into Chinese.1.主軸承 2.推力塊 3.鑄鐵 4.掃氣箱5.鏈傳動(dòng) 6.氣缸冷卻水套 7.貫穿螺栓 8.橡皮環(huán) 9.下止點(diǎn) 10.缸蓋 11缸套 12.密封環(huán)13.示功閥 14.安全閥1.main bearing 2.th

32、rust block 3.cast iron 4.scavenging air box 5.chain transmission 6.cylinder cooling jacket 7.tie rod 8.rubber ring 9.bottom dead center 10.cylinder cover 11.cylinder liner 12.sealing ring 13.indicator cock 14.safety valve B.Active Words常用詞Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks wit

33、h the words in the table. Change the form of the words if necessary.從框中選詞完成句子。如有必要改變?cè)~的形式。boltsecurerestarrangemountenableencloselocateexposeinsert1.Individual cast iron cylinder blocks are together to form a rigid unit.1 .bolted 單個(gè)鑄鐵的氣缸體用螺栓固定在一起形成一個(gè)堅(jiān)實(shí)的單元。2.All deck machinery is to the most severe as

34、pects of the elements. 2. exposed 所有的甲板機(jī)械都處于最嚴(yán)酷的天氣條件下。3.The propeller is fitted onto a taper on the tailshaft and a key may be between the two.3 .inserted 螺旋槳安裝于尾軸的錐形部分上，它們之間插上鍵。4.The rotating face of the after seal is usually to the propeller boss.4. secured 后部密封的旋轉(zhuǎn)面通常固定在槳毅上。5.This data will IMO an

35、d National Authorities to develop realistic legislation.5. enable 這些數(shù)據(jù)使國(guó)際海事組織和國(guó)家主管部門(mén)能夠研究實(shí)際法規(guī)。6.Carbon bushes on these rings as they rotate and collect the current for use in an external circuit.rest 當(dāng)滑環(huán)旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，碳刷落在滑環(huán)上，收集電流用于外部電路。7.The complete boiler is in a pressurised casing.enclosed 整個(gè)鍋爐處于一個(gè)壓力箱體內(nèi)。8.Fully automatic controls are provided and in a control panel at the side of the b