上外綜合教程4Unit2電子教案

1、UNIT 2 SPACE INVADERSSection One Pre-reading Activities2I. Audiovisual supplement2II. Cultural background3Section Two Global Reading4I. Structural analysis of the text4II. Rhetorical features of the text4Section Three Detailed Reading5I. Questions6II. Words and expressions7III. Sentences10Section Fo

2、ur Consolidation Activities12I Vocabulary12II. Grammar14III. Translation16IV. Exercises for integrated skills18V. Oral activities19VI. Writing20Section Five Further Enhancement21I Text II21II Memorable Quotes24Section One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Audiovisual supplementFrom Secrets of Body LanguageWa

3、tch the video clip and answer the following questions.Script: Voiceover: But body language is often complex, and easily misunderstood. Here, President Clinton leads the Israeli and Palestinian leaders Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat up before the press during peace negotiations. Its all smiles for the

4、cameras, but behind the façade of bonhomie, theres a power struggle going on. Clinton jokingly explains that none of them will take any questions.Clinton: We promise to each other we will answer no question and offer no comments, so I have to set a good example. Voiceover: The body language the

5、n reveals just why that works.Expert A: Wow. Its almost a physical fight. Voiceover: Many view this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on well. Think again. Expert A: There is a great meaning behind who goes through the door first. Now of course here in the

6、West, letting someone through the door first doesnt really matter. Polite maybe. But in the Middle East, it has significant cultural impact. Expert B: The host, the power person, says, “Im in control. Ill help you through the door. Ill show you the way.” Arafat: Thank you. Thank you.Voiceover: Throw

7、 in the fear and tension present in most Middle East negotiations, and suddenly, the desire of both Arafat and Barak not to go through that door before the other starts to make sense. Expert C: This is a classic example in its extreme way of how the last man through the door is the winner. So Barak

8、reaches for Yasser Arafat. Arafat literally grasps his arm, moves on, and starts wagering his finger at Barak, who, then, Barak, uses this opportunity as a wrestling match to move around, to actually be behind Arafat, and then literally grasps Arafat, holds him by the arm, and shoves him through the

9、 door.Expert B: So youve got fear and power struggle, showing in big big big big bold body language with it.Questions:1. How is the “getting through the door” movement understood by many people? Answer: Many view this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on we

10、ll. 2. What is the hidden message behind the scene?Answer: Arafat and Barak are struggling to get through the door after the other party in order to show “I am in control”.3. What does this story tell us?Answer: Body language is very important, but often complex and easily misunderstood.II. Cultural

11、 backgroundPersonal spacePersonal space can be imagined as a kind of bubble surrounding a person that protects his or her privacy and which other people may not normally enter. Allowing somebody to get very close and enter your personal space may be a sign of trust or love. On the other hand, intrud

12、ing others personal space can be rather offensive.The amount of space people need to feel around them varies with various factors, such as culture, sex, familiarity between people, crowdedness of the situation, etc. For example: people from cultures that like a lot of personal space feel awkward and

13、 embarrassed when somebody comes too close to them; people of the same sex may sit or stand closer to each other than to somebody of the opposite sex; strangers and casual acquaintances usually need more space than friends and members of the same family who know each other well; in a noisy street pe

14、ople may need to stand closer than they would normally, simply in order to hear each other. Section Two Global ReadingI. Structural analysis of the textIn the text, the writer first points out the fact that nowadays people are more concerned about themselves and want to have a larger personal space

15、than decades ago, and then he analyses the causes of space invasion. The text can be divided into three parts. Part I (Paragraphs 1 2): The writer calls the readers attention to the invasion of personal space by relating an experience of how his personal space was invaded.Part II (Paragraphs 3 7): T

16、he writer analyzes some likely causes of the shrinkage of personal space, and attributes the invasion of personal space to the general decline of good manners.Part III (Paragraph 8 9): The author presents his view about the essence of personal space, i.e. it is psychological, rather than physical, a

17、nd urges people to “expand the contracting boundaries of personal space”.II. Rhetorical features of the text A vivid and accurate description of the behaviour of the space invaders and those whose personal space is being invaded is achieved by a delicate selection of verbs. Some of the examples are

18、as follows.Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the behaviour of space invaders:- a man started inching toward me (Paragraph 1)- In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close . (Paragraph 3)- In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests,

19、 annexing all the elbow room . (Paragraph 7)Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the reaction of those whose space is being invaded:- I minutely advanced toward the woman in front of me . (Paragraph 1) - who absent-mindedly shuffled toward the white-haired lady ahead of him . (Paragraph 1)Pract

20、ice: Please find more examples to illustrate the authors careful choice of verbs.Section Three Detailed ReadingSPACE INVADERSRichard Stengel1 At my bank the other day, I was standing in a line snaking around some tired velvet ropes when a man in a sweat-suit started inching toward me in his eagernes

21、s to deposit his Social Security check. As he did so, I minutely advanced toward the woman reading the Wall Street Journal in front of me, who, in mild annoyance, began to sidle up to the man scribbling a check in front of her, who absent-mindedly shuffled toward the white-haired lady ahead of him,

22、until we were all hugger-mugger against each other, the original lazy line having collapsed in on itself like a Slinky.2 I estimate that my personal space extends eighteen inches in front of my face, one foot to each side, and about ten inches in back though it is nearly impossible to measure exactl

23、y how far behind you someone is standing. The phrase “personal space” has a quaint, seventies ring to it (“Youre invading my space, man”), but it is one of those gratifying expressions that are intuitively understood by all human beings. Like the twelve-mile limit around our national shores, persona

24、l space is our individual border beyond which no stranger can penetrate without making us uneasy.3 Lately, Ive found that my personal space is being invaded more than ever before. In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close; on the street, pedestrians are zigzagging th

25、rough the human traffic, jostling others, refusing to give way; on the subway, riders are no longer taking pains to carve out little zones of space between themselves and fellow-passengers; in lines at airports, people are pressing forward like fidgety taxis at red lights.4 At first, I attributed th

26、is tendency to the “population explosion” and the relentless Malthusian logic that if twice as many people inhabit the planet now as did twenty years ago, each of us has half as much space. Recently, Ive wondered if its the season: T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring (or much, much less

27、). Or perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars in Manhattan the number seems to double every three months is infusing so much caffeine into the already jangling locals that people can no longer keep to themselves.5 Personal space is mostly a public matter; we allow all kinds of invasions of personal

28、 space in private. (Humanity wouldnt exist without them.) The logistics of it vary according to geography. People who live in Calcutta have less personal space than folks in Colorado. “Dont tread on me” could have been coined only by someone with a spread. I would wager that people in the Northern H

29、emisphere have roomier conceptions of personal space than those in the Southern. To an Englishman, a handshake can seem like trespassing, whereas to a Brazilian, anything less than a hug may come across as chilliness.6 Like drivers who plow into your parked and empty car and dont leave a note, peopl

30、e no longer mutter “Excuse me” when they bump into you. The decline of manners has been widely lamented. Manners, it seems to me, are about giving people space, not stepping on toes, granting people their private domain.7 Ive also noticed an increase in the ranks of what I think of as space invaders

31、, mini-territorial expansionists who seize public space with a sense of manifest destiny. In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room, while at coffee shops and on the Long Island Railroad, individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of

32、 facing seats meant for foursomes.8 Ultimately, personal space is psychological, not physical: it has less to do with the space outside us than with our inner space. I suspect that the shrinking of personal space is directly proportional to the expansion of self-absorption: people whose attention is

33、 inward do not bother to look outward. Even the focus of science these days is micro, not macro. The Human Genome Project is mapping the universe of the genetic code, while neuroscientists are using souped-up M.R.I. machines to chart the flight of neurons in our brains.9 In the same way that the bre

34、eze from a butterflys wings in Japan may eventually produce a tidal wave in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space. In the line at my bank, I now refuse to move closer than three feet to the person in front of me, even if it means that the fellow behind me

35、starts breathing down my neck.I. Questions 1. Is “personal space” a term of the seventies? Is it out of date nowadays? Why or why not? (Paragraph 2)Answer: “Personal space” was a term popularly used in the seventies but seldom mentioned nowadays. However, it doesnt mean that it is out of date. Peopl

36、e, whatever periods they are in, need personal space, which is not to be penetrated. The only problem is that the world is becoming so crowded that it is impossible for people to protect their personal space as well as they used to do.2. What does the author mean by saying “personal space is mostly

37、a public matter”? (Paragraph 5)Answer: Personal space, first of all, is the space you expect and are expected to keep between you and other people in public places in order to maintain an appropriate interpersonal relationship. Edward T. Hall in The Hidden Dimension, for example, describes the socia

38、l values applied by Americans to certain distances between people as falling into four main categories: “Intimate distance (0 1&1/2 feet), Personal distance (1&1/2 4 feet), Social/Consultative distance (4 10 feet), and Public distance (10 or more feet).” 3. Do you agree with the writers view

39、 that the contraction of the outer, personal space is proportional to the expansion of the inner-space of modern man? (Paragraph 8)Answer: Yes, people in the present society tend to be more self-centered, concentrating on their private affairs and ignoring the outer world around them. They say they

40、have no time or energy to care about others in a society of fast tempo. As a matter of fact, they do not want to bother about it. Class ActivityGroup discussions:Topic A: Is personal space important to you? Why or why not? Topic B: According to your observation, does personal space vary in different

41、 places /relations / cultures? Give examples.II. Words and expressionsPart 1: Paragraphs 1-2snake: v. move in a twisting waye.g. The train was snaking its way through the mountains.Synonym: meanderinch: v. move very slow and carefullye.g. Howard inched forward in the crowd. He inched his way through

42、 the narrow passage.in mild annoyance: with a little anger or impatience mild: a. not very great in degreee.g. We looked at each other in mild astonishment.Synonym: slightsidle: v. walk in a timid manner, esp. sideways or obliquelye.g. A man sidled up to me and asked if I wanted a ticket for the mat

43、ch. scribble: v. write or draw (sth.) carelessly or hurriedly Synonym: scrawle.g. He scribbled a note to his sister before leaving. She scribbled down her phone number and pushed it into his hand. Throughout the interview, the journalists scribbled away furiously. n. U, sing. careless and untidy wri

44、tinge.g. How do you expect me to read this scribble?shuffle: v. walk by dragging ones feet along or without lifting them fully from the ground e.g. He slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room. A fat woman was shuffling along with a pushchair. Collocations: shuffle sth. off: avoid talking or

45、 thinking about sth. because it is not considered importante.g.He shuffled the question off and changed the topic.shuffle out of sth.: try to avoid some unpleasant task by acting dishonestlye.g.I mistrust the way in which they shuffle out of sustained efforts.Slinky: n. A Slinky (“機(jī)靈鬼”，一種用軟彈簧做成的會翻跟頭

46、的玩具) is a coil-shaped spring invented by mechanical engineer Richard James in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Slinkys come in various sizes and shapes. They can “walk” down stairs as the coils stretch and reform as gravity moves them down each step, the springs momentum causing it to spill end over end

47、from one step to the next.ring: n. a quality, or an impression of having the quality that is mentionede.g. Her story had a ring of truth about it. The books he mentioned had a familiar ring about them.gratifying: a. giving pleasure or satisfaction e.g. The new plan may be gratifying to the President

48、. Derivations: gratify v.; gratification n.penetrate: v. succeed in forcing a way through (sth.) e.g. They penetrated into the territory where no man had ever gone before. The suns radiation penetrates the skin. Part II: Paragraphs 3-7wedge: v. force into a narrow space; fix sth. in position by usin

49、g a wedge or sth. elsee.g. The people sitting close to me wedged me into the corner. Open the door wide and wedge it with a pad of newspaper.zigzag: v. move forward by going at an angle first to one side, then to the othere.g. We zigzagged up the hill. The narrow path zigzags up the cliff.n. a line

50、or pattern that looks like a series of letter Ws as it bends to the left and then to the right again e.g. The path descended the hill in zigzags. a. only before noune.g. a zigzag line/path/patterncarve out: establish or create sth. through painstaking efforte.g. With months of strenuous work, the ar

51、tist carved out a flower of ivory. Years of failures and setbacks have taught him and carved out a career for him.press: v. push, move, or make (ones way) strongly, esp. in a crowde.g. He pressed his way through the crowd. So many people pressed round the famous actress that she couldnt get to her c

52、ar.Translation:人群擠在她身邊，爭著要她的簽名。Answer: Crowds pressed round her trying to get her autograph.Malthusian logic: Thomas Robert Malthus (1766 1834), British economist and clergyman. In Essay on Population (1798) he argued that without the practice of “moral restraint” the population tends to increase at

53、 a greater rate than its means of subsistence, unless war, famine, or disease intervenes or efforts are made to limit population.infuse: v. fill or cause to be filled with sth.e.g. Her novels are infused with sadness.Collocation: infuse into/with: fill . with .e.g. He infused eagerness into the men.

54、 His speech infused the men with eagerness. keep to oneself: remain private; avoid meeting other peoplee.g. She doesnt go out much; she likes to keep to herself. wager: v. (a more formal term for) bet wager (sth.) (on sth.); wager sth./sb. that: bet money on sth.e.g. She wagered £50 on a horse.

55、 I had wagered a great deal of money that I would beat him.wager (that): used to say that you are so confident that sth. is true or will happen that you would be willing to bet money on ite.g. Ill wager that she knows more about it than shes saying.plow: v. force a way or to make a track Spelling: p

56、low (American English) = plough (British English)e.g. A truck plowed into the back of the bus. She plowed her way through the waiting crowds.lament: v. express regret or disappointment over sth. considered unsatisfactory, unreasonable, or unfair Synonym: bemoane.g. In the poem he laments the destruc

57、tion of the countryside. Derivations:lamentable: a. very disappointing, regrettable e.g. She shows a lamentable lack of understanding.lamentation: n. (formal) an expression of great sadness or disappointmentstake a claim to: make a claim tostake: v. be assertive in defining and defending a position or policye.g. He staked a claim to the land where hed found the gold. annex: v. take control and possession of land, a small country, etc., esp. by force; take without permissionSynonym: occupye.g. Germany annexed Austria in 1938. There are examples of people o