賓語從句講解(全)

1、賓語從句(The Object Clause)學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。一、賓語從句的定義：賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語的作用，可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可以做介詞的賓語作動(dòng)詞的賓語：I heard that he would come here later on. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)句子作賓語作介詞的賓語: He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞 代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語 介詞 一個(gè)句子作介詞的賓語二、賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞(連接詞)的用法。在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞有：連詞：that (that 常可省

2、略),whether, if代詞：who, whose, what ,which副詞：when ,where, how, why 等。一)、連詞：that (that 常可省略),whether, ifHe told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 沒有人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試.1、that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

3、(在非正式場(chǎng)合that可以省略)可跟that從句做賓語的動(dòng)詞有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。The boy believes that he will trave

4、l through space to other planets.注意：賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移l 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.l 主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致. I do

5、nt believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?l 如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞(不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.We find that he never liste

6、ns to the teacher carefully, does he? 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從不仔細(xì)聽老師講課，是不是？l 當(dāng)主句的主語是第二、三人稱時(shí)，其反義疑問句一般與主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she? You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you? They don't believe she's an engineer, do they? She doesn't expect that we

7、are coming so soon, does she?練習(xí)題(1) I dont think he is right,_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2). He believes she is right, _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis she Disnt she(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,_?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I(4). I find _ important that we practice English every

8、day.A. it B. this C. that D. what (5). You cant imagine _when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excitedl 在以下情況中that不能省略1、當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省，但后面的that不可省。I believe(that)you have done your best and th

9、at things will get better.2、當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí)，that一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3、當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí)，that不可省。I cant tell him that his mother died. 4、當(dāng)it作形式賓語時(shí) 例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to

10、do with him許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語。5、當(dāng)賓語從句前置時(shí) That our team will win，I believe6、當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí); 2、由whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years

11、我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。l 但在下列情況下只能用whether，不能用if：在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether(ifor not也可以使用)。如：Let me know whether /if he will come or not(Let me know whether or not he will come)讓我知道他是否能來。I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not(I don't know whether or not he does a

12、ny washing)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我們是去還是留。在介詞之后用whether。如：I'm interested in whether he likes English我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man他尚未

13、決定是否拜訪那位老人。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say這是否真的我說不上來。引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能來還是個(gè)問題。若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the

14、 book可理解為：If you like the book，please let me know你如果喜歡這本書，請(qǐng)告訴我l 只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時(shí)He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. 引導(dǎo)狀語從句even if(即使)和as if(好象)時(shí)He talks as if he has known all about it. 二)、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

15、這樣的賓語從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.Do you know who has won Red Alert

16、game?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報(bào)的游戲么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面. Could you

17、 please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.練習(xí)題：(1) I dont know _or not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depends on _ the weather is fine.A. wh

18、ich B. whether C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in.A. which B. where C. if D. that(4) I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David?- Yes,

19、 MumA. what B. that C. why D. if(6) - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _.A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. what should I choose B. w

20、hich I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose三、賓語從句的語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句連詞賓語從句(主語謂語)”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1)連接詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有：who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？The small children don't know what is in t

21、heir stockings這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？2)連接詞名詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，howmany，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他問我們班上誰的書法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老師問我們房間里有多少人。3)連接詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who(m)，what，which，how many，h

22、ow much， when，why，how，where，if whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)等。如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？4)連接詞名詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在

23、哪個(gè)班嗎？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。練習(xí)題：(1) Did you find out _?A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) Are you interested in _?A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did

24、 it D. he how did it(3) I dont know _. Can you tell me?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say?- He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fl

25、y C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _?A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where(6)She asked Tom _ with his car?A. what the matter was B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what is the mat

26、ter四、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)：l 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. l 主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句須用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. l 當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 練習(xí)題：(1) Its 7:30. I

27、 cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet, Sally.A. havent started B. didnt C. dont start D. hadnt started(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be (3) The teacher said that the earth _round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(4) We d lik

28、e to tell you that you _the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass (5) “Could you tell me_?” “Yes. They _ to the library.”A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have beenC. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone (6) Our father said that

29、he _ a new computer next week.A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys (7) I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday.A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone注意：l 運(yùn)用虛擬語氣的情況在表示：建議 suggest 、advise、propose；要求demand 、desire、request； 決定 decide；命令 order、command、require；堅(jiān)決主張 insist；等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語從句，用(should)+v(虛

30、擬語氣) Eg：I suggested that you(should)study hard.He ordered that we should go out at once.l 虛擬語氣的用法虛擬語氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測(cè)，建議等含義，虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語氣的用法：1) 虛擬語氣用在簡(jiǎn)單句中，表示祝愿，命令。如：May you be happy. 祝你幸福。May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我們的友情天長(zhǎng)地久。Hav

31、e a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！You go out！ 你出去！2) 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中：動(dòng)詞 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等詞后面的賓語從句表示的是一種虛擬語氣，賓語從句中的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作表示的只是一種愿望、要求。如：I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一邊。I wish I could help him. 我希望我能幫助他。He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他堅(jiān)持要我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒。

32、動(dòng)詞 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的從句中，"should" 可以省略。如：The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服。3) 虛擬語氣用在主語從句中：在句型 "It is important (necessary,

33、 strange, natural) that . " 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形，如：It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。It's natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。4) 虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中：虛擬語氣最多地用在表示條件的狀語從句和表示結(jié)果的從

34、句中。在表示與事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣時(shí)，動(dòng)詞有三種時(shí)態(tài)形式，即現(xiàn)在、過去和將來。 A、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的：If I (we,you,he,they)+ 動(dòng)詞過去式. if I (he,she) were. I (we) should + 動(dòng)詞原形。 He (you,they) would + 動(dòng)詞原形。 B、與過去事實(shí)相反的：If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 過去分詞 I(we)should + have+ 過去分詞。He (you,they) would + have + 過去分詞。 If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就買了它。 I

35、f I had time, I would study French. 如果我有時(shí)間，我會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)法語的。 If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英語的話，她不會(huì)找我?guī)兔Φ摹?If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一點(diǎn)起床，就會(huì)趕上火車的。 If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 如果明天天氣好，我就去買東西。明白了虛擬語氣的用法就會(huì)明白什么時(shí)候需要用虛擬語氣了，在表示說話人的一種愿望，

36、假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測(cè)，建議等含義，或表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)時(shí)需要用虛擬語氣。l 簡(jiǎn)化賓語從句常用六法同學(xué)們常會(huì)遇到把含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)單句，使其與原句意思相同(或相近)的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡(jiǎn)化賓語從句的方法：方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would

37、help him. We decided to help him.方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等動(dòng)詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是tell, ask, show, teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Could you te

38、ll me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是order(命令)，require(需要)等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“名詞(代詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞(短語)等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。例如：He insis

39、ted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wall

40、et lying on the ground.方法六：動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式(短語)來簡(jiǎn)化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered wit

41、h thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy.賓語從句練習(xí)1( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. can take B. would take C. takes D. will take( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has

42、 never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. trave

43、lled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled賓語從句練習(xí)2( ) 1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that( ) 2 I don't know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where( ) 3 I hardly understand._ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 4 She didn

44、't know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be( ) 5 I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.when( ) 6 Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how( ) 7 He asked me _told me the accident.A wh

45、om B which C who D whose賓語從句練習(xí)3( ) 1.They don't know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( ) 2.Please tell me _what last year.A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked( ) 3.She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is i

46、t B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( ) 4. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said( ) 5 Did you know _?A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who

47、he is looking after( ) 6 Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing賓語從句練習(xí)41. I don't know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, I'll tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That

48、D. if; If2. I don't know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come3. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended4. I want to know _.A. whom is she looking

49、 after B. whom she is lookingC. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after5. Do you know where _ now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live6. Do you know what time _?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves7. I don't know _. Can

50、 you tell me, please?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are8. The small children don't know _.A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings9.

51、 I can't understand _.A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means賓語從句練習(xí)5一、用所給的單詞將下列句子連成一句1. What is her name? (I dont know)_2.Where does Doctor Liu Live? (Do you know)_3. What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me)_4

52、. Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)_5. When did the accident happen? (Please go and find out)_6. What foreign language can you speak? (I want to know)_7. Whose box is it on the floor? (Im not sure)_8. How much did you pay for the dictionary? (Please tell me) _9. She is a teacher. (I hear)_10. Does her aunt live in Paris? (Im not sure) _11. Is Mrs. Lee in the classroom?