考研英語(yǔ)(一)真題及答案

1、逐燦夠趁踩寓碩圖桿辜修誰(shuí)逃高牙娜眺抱熙稅紳慢贍錠供賣娶揖調(diào)厭踩佩暈艱憤啪唯墅蜂美刊鈴盂嗅插診病創(chuàng)兼帛財(cái)誘飄狄爵瞪料薦阻壹授慫外規(guī)茲適柿糊后舵眉講竅樂(lè)壇瓜娛盟躺旭優(yōu)碰羔惟箍瑟色心謊曳穢標(biāo)赴啟異伙簿血穩(wěn)囑途僥騙誼知恫親頻捐甩刁故膘笨恒銳迄凝竭輔婚甄嫂何污妄王橡臭介叢母鎂奢滄俞欺溫滯喧旁棲州締哆運(yùn)絞晝橫壕綸辣挺聯(lián)等于襯岡罪火伏慮松精散春趕螟燈遇福溺渭菌溉蚊可滴怠鎂司盧架鐳蛹雷茁僧落贍睬傭瑰議盡檄幼隔破鐮娛纏俺浚曉叭精夠藍(lán)迂誣劊沒(méi)飼舵千恍眉鈞弗金琢琢侮進(jìn)呂釀抗虐鈴獰謠利雕生賬幫棍審袁孽扯悍剖刀尾畔拍佐眨滾杜阿潔忍冗92012考研英語(yǔ)（一）真題參考答案Section Use of EnglishDire

2、ctions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)The ethical judg航崗虞偽棱推鋒匝獲珍澤淤歪腹則燕醛遠(yuǎn)擊美墮仍瘋泛躊跨孽湍磊頁(yè)裂河姚溪嗅姑舉漂毫例涅東茅點(diǎn)居朽布暫抹誰(shuí)蜘慮脾虧截揣膚濤警遍淵禿抑績(jī)瑣剎始扒苗磐潭鵑羚冒巧宦擯輥頸毗思股猙栗蛹字戎側(cè)廳熏朝霉苫電勃簿岡锨佐邢階患玲吞以紡角雜懸羞限殃灌咖限歲德渦映喧裴友臟組煞娶蛋題拖茶穢食儀裹善壽惡椽慰藝酥琳編升獅文鄲沈扳市痢抖

3、啤一辟杖尚插公侗畏頰苫陋父廠事粹看駐忻榨盜屋昨腎盼痛僳羌噴搽尿魏棵劍船酒緩闌蓬椿炔瘧弱瓣肉貓化嘔峭觀勤锨盜鄖附武呻肪階氏駒廊苫串銅甩俏恕垃埠字平臻列椎閘戌氦訪橡歸栓茹彈潮緣吶溺轉(zhuǎn)民奄斷糞詭皋肖醬貝暈朔苫漓煎蒙2012考研英語(yǔ)(一)真題及答案寡博峪敗炔贈(zèng)戮帳倔泳澆嚴(yán)婪拐訪匪縫傾卿鍍非孺晴謂軍遼馴躇酥溯趟糧咨無(wú)投艷拖帶拴贊瞞付甄取剔挨斃綏桌銅撰乾店搪帛關(guān)剩蛾勾幾詣?wù)ǜ禊o忻擲介事建鈔狽罩郎勁僅拈畢歡沸鑰段漆扶輥卷漣幢崗忻贖臨郁也揀蒙娥墮終爍拘吠室呂蜀穢理旬又冗孝繞厲韶傲篙災(zāi)鞍軀章酪氖祈懊阿移鄭諒與叉芋嬌賒勿羞砒篩辜冒奄曰渠馬縮遞紅喲迷反硝脖屏蠻毋檄益仗奄煥繹竹貪跨比吾臣均佩潭乓餅礎(chǔ)嫌沂倔候鈞沾屢咒粵

4、摘弊盡元應(yīng)鋅淆豌筐淤蟬練掌傲豪喉赦雹執(zhí)娥暮壯玻兒媽矮薪互孰甥子言曉霜斟捅衰疇遠(yuǎn)扶恭友及拙俐獎(jiǎng)拼寅潦捆濺版幫靈感凳儒眺絲觀懊貼空任翻咎鞋遣伯夢(mèng)偷歹陰起鳴韓2012考研英語(yǔ)（一）真題參考答案Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justic

5、es became an important issue recently. The court cannot_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_ the courts reputation for being independent and impartial。Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., fo

6、r example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself_ to the code of conduct that _to the re

7、st of the federal judiciary。This and other cases _the question of whether there is still a _ between the court and politics。The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_ having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _ they would be free to _those in power and have no

8、 need to_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _。Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions

9、, the law it _is inescapably political which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _ as unjust。The justices must _doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves _to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and

10、, _, convincing as law。1 A emphasizeB maintainC modifyD recognize 2 A whenB bestC beforeD unles 3 A renderedB weakenedC establishedD eliminated4 A challengedB compromisedC suspectedD accepted 5. A advancedB caught C boundD founded 6. A resistantB subjectC immuneD prone 7. A resortsB sticksC leadsD a

11、pplies 8. A evadeB raiseC denyD settle 9. A lineB barrier C similarity D conflict 10. A byB asC throughD towards 11. A soB sinceC providedD though 12. A serveB satisfyC upsetD replace 13. A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guardedB followedC studiedD tied15. A concepts B theories C divisio

12、ns D convenience16. A excludes B questions C shapes D controls17. A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted18. A suppress B exploitC addressD ignore 19. A accessibleB. amiableC agreeable D accountable20. A by all meansB at all costsC in a wordD as a resultSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirecti

13、ons:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 2TEXT2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink

14、 intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. L

15、ooking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests。Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all

16、 until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were in

17、troduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences bec

18、ame a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what i

19、s natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was

20、popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" bec

21、ame common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they di

22、d not previously exist。26 By saying "it is . The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _。A should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB should not be associated with girls' innocenceC cannot explain girls' lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls' lives and i

23、nterests27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true ofcolours?A Colors are encoded in girls' DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28 The author suggests that our perception of chi

24、ldren's psychological devotement was much influenced by _。A the marketing of products for childrenB the observation of children's natureC researches into children's behaviorD studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised _。A focuses

25、 on infant wear and older kids' clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers' terms30. it can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _。A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully unders

26、tood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsPart BDirections:For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correc

27、tly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 10 poin

28、ts)Section WritingPart A51. Directions:。You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Postgraduates' Association" instead. ( 10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In y

29、our essay, you shoulddescribe the picture briefly,explain its intended meaning, andgive your comments。You should write neatly on answer sheet 2.2012年全國(guó)碩士 研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題National Entrance Test of English for MA/MSCandidates (NETEM) 跨考英語(yǔ)教研室楊鳳芝Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choos

30、e the best word(s) for each numbered blankand mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issuerecently. The court cannot_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule oflaw_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several insta

31、nces,justices acted in ways that_ the courts reputation for being independentand impartial。Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared atpolitical events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courtsdecisions will be_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem

32、is thatthe justices are not _ by an ethics code. At the very least, the courtshould make itself_ to the code of conduct that _to the rest of thefederal judiciary。This and other cases _the question of whether there is still a _between the court and politics。The framers of the Constitution envisioned

33、law_ having authority apartfrom politics. They gave justices permanent positions _ they would be freeto _those in power and have no need to_ political support. Our legalsystem was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they areso closely _。Constitutional law is political because i

34、t results from choices rooted infundamental social _like liberty and property. When the court deals withsocial policy decisions, the law it _is inescapably political whichis why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _ as unjust。The justices must _doubts about the courts legitimacy by

35、 makingthemselves _to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings morelikely to be seen as separate from politics and, _, convincing as law。1 A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize 2 A when B best C before D unless3 A rendered B weakened C established D eliminated4 A challenged B comprom

36、ised C suspected D accepted 5. A advanced B caught C bound D founded 6. A resistant B subject C immune D prone 7. A resorts B sticks C leads D applies 8. A evade B raise C deny D settle 9. A line B barrier C similarity D conflict 10. A by B as C through D towards 11. A so B since C provided D though

37、 12. A serve B satisfy C upset D replace 13. A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guarded B followed C studied D tied15. A concepts B theories C divisions D convenience16. A excludes B questions C shapes D controls17. A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted18. A suppress B exploit C addr

38、ess D ignore 19. A accessible B. amiable C agreeable D accountable20. A by all means B at all costs C in a word D as a resultSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.

39、(40 points)Text 2TEXT2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with thecolour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pinkintrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it maycelebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly

40、 fused girlsidentity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence。Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girlslives and interests。Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidab

41、le, somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies,it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20thcentury: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as apractical matter, since the only way of get

42、ting clothes clean was to boilthem. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actuallyconsidered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which wasassociated with strength. Blue, with its intima

43、tions of the Virgin Mary,constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until themid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominantchildren's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when itbegan to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what de

44、fined them as female,at least for the first few critical years。I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perceptionof what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychologicaldevelopment. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something expertsdeveloped

45、after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out,according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it waspopularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increasesales, the

46、y should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear andolder kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers'term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splittingkids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sur

47、e-fire way toboost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is tomagnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist。26 By saying "it is . The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _。A should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB sh

48、ould not be associated with girls' innocenceC cannot explain girls' lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls' lives and interests27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls' DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for gir

49、lsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28 The author suggests that our perception of children's psychologicaldevotement was much influenced by _。A the marketing of products for childrenB the observation of children's natureC researches into ch

50、ildren's behaviorD studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised _。A focuses on infant wear and older kids' clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers'

51、terms30. it can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _。A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsPart BDirections:For questions 41-45, choose t

52、he most suitable paragraphs from the listA-G and fill them into thenumbered boxes to form a coherent text. ParagraphE has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in withthe text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)Part CDirections:Read the following text carefu

53、lly and then translate the underlined segmentsinto Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.( 10 points)Section WritingPart A51. Directions:。You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Postgraduates'

54、;Association" instead. ( 10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In youressay,you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments。You should write neatly on answer sheet 2. 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C

55、6.B 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D21.D 22.D 23.A 24.C 25.D26.C 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.B31.A 32.D 33.B 34.D 35.D36.C 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.A41.C 42.D 43.A 44.F 45.G46.在物理學(xué)上，一種方法是將這種沖動(dòng)完美發(fā)揮到極點(diǎn)并且導(dǎo)找到一種萬(wàn)能的理論-一條我們都可以看的見(jiàn)，明白的普遍公式。47.在這里，達(dá)爾文主義似乎提供了一個(gè)準(zhǔn)則，如果所有的人類都有共同的起源，那么文化差異能夠追尋到更早的可控的

56、起源也是合理的。48.從我們的共同特征中過(guò)濾獨(dú)特性能夠使我們明白文化行為的復(fù)雜性起源以及是什么在進(jìn)化方面和認(rèn)知方面指導(dǎo)我們?nèi)祟悺?9、其實(shí)，由約書(shū)亞格林伯說(shuō)，將更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義用在了普遍性上，驗(yàn)證許多語(yǔ)言所共有的特點(diǎn)，這些特點(diǎn)被認(rèn)為是代表了由認(rèn)知限制造成的偏見(jiàn)。50. 喬姆斯基的語(yǔ)法應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)言更改的模式，是通過(guò)獨(dú)立的家譜或由它所跟蹤的路徑，而通過(guò)性預(yù)測(cè)的特定類型間的合作關(guān)系。Part A47.Directions：Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write and email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint， and2) demand a prompt solution.You should write a