外研版小學英語語法總復習知識點歸納46356

1、外研版小學英語語法總復習知識點歸納一、時態(tài) 1.一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或事情，通常用 “usually通常, often常常, every每, sometimes有時，always總是,”等詞。 (2)基本結構: 主語I / You / We / They /He / She / It 肯定句：主語+ 動詞原形或動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式 否定句：主語+ dont + 動詞原形 或者doesnt + 動原 一般疑問句(Yes/No) Do ? Yes, I do. No,I dont.Does(動詞原形)? Yes,he/she does. No,he/she doesnt. 特殊疑問

2、句 What do ? How does she(動詞原形)? (3) 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式(同名詞單數(shù)變成復數(shù)方法相同) 1 一般情況 +s 如:walk-walks 2. 輔音字母+y結尾 去y +ies fly-flies 3. 結尾是 s, x， sh, ch +es watch-watches 4. 結尾是0 +es do-does, go-goes 5. 特殊 have-has 2現(xiàn)在進行時(1)表示正在發(fā)生的動作，通常用“now現(xiàn)在, look看，linsen聽”. (2)基本形式: be + 動詞-ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You

3、/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading? (3)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式(動詞+ing) 一般情況 +ing walkwalking 結尾是不發(fā)音的 e -e + ing comecoming 重讀閉音節(jié) 雙寫最后一個字母+ing swim-swimming run-running 3. 一般過去時 (1) 表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,通常用 “l(fā)ast 上一個, just now剛才, many years ago許多年前， yesterday昨天”等詞。 (2) be

4、 動詞的過去式: am/iswas arewere (3)過去式基本結構 肯定句：主語+ 動詞過去式 I went shopping last night. 否定句：主語 + didnt + 動詞原形 I didnt go shopping last night. 一般疑問句(Yes/No) Did + 動詞原形? Did you go shopping last night? 特殊疑問句(wh-) What did+ 動詞原形? What did you do last night? (4)動詞過去式的變化: 規(guī)則動詞的變化: (1)一般動詞 +ed planted,watered,clim

5、bed(2) 以不發(fā)音的e結尾 +d liked tied(3)輔音字母加y結尾 -y+ ied studystudied, cry- cried (4)重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字雙寫最后一個字母+ed plan planned stop stopped 不規(guī)則動詞的變化: 原形 過去式 原形 過去式 原形 過去式 am /is was are were go went do did find found buy bought eat ate feel felt drink drank teach taught take took read read give gave have ha

6、d put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat tell told learn learnt get gotcarry carried study studied4.一般將來時 一般將來時表示將來打算做的事或將要發(fā)生的事情。常常與tomorrow, next Sunday 等時間狀語連用。 結構:be going to +動詞原形或wi

7、ll +動詞原形 例如:Im going to visit my grandpa next week. 二、人稱代詞 主格 I we you he she it they 賓格 me us you him her it them形容詞性物主代詞 my our your his her its their 名詞性物主代詞 mine ours yours his hers its theris (注:介詞，動詞后面跟賓格。后面沒有名詞時用名詞性物主代詞。) 三、可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式 1.一般名詞: + s book books 2.輔音字母加y結尾: - y+ ies storystories 3.

8、以s, x，sh, ch ，結尾: + es glassglasses; a watch-watches 以o結尾:1)有生命的 +es potato-potatoes 2) 無生命的 +s photo-photoes 4.以f或fe結尾: - f 或fe 變?yōu)関es knife knives; shelf-shelves 5.特殊的名詞復數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fis

9、h, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,四、不可數(shù)名詞(沒有復數(shù)形式) bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee 五、縮略形式 Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he is hasnt = he has(got) its = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not didnt=did not werent=were not wasnt=was not lets=let us Ill=I will 六、a. an .th

10、e的用法 1.單詞的第一讀音是輔音讀音:a book, a peach， a “U” 單詞的第一個讀音是元音讀音:an egg， an hour， an “F” 2.the要注意的:球類前面不加the，play football 樂器前面要加the，play the piano 序數(shù)詞前面要加the, the second 七、介詞 1.表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under 2.表示時間: (1)at : 幾點前面用at如:at six oclock, 沒有day的節(jié)日前用at如

11、:at Christmas, 固定詞組 at the weekends ，at night (2)on: 用于星期，日期，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具體的某一天時) on Sunday在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在3月8日; 帶有Day的節(jié)日前用on 如: on National Day (3)in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用in:in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ， 月份前用in ，如in December ;季節(jié)前用in ，如 winter;年份前用 in，如 in 199

12、9 八、基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞的方法 1. 直接在基數(shù)詞詞尾加上th。如:seventh第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三， 2.以y結尾的基數(shù)詞，變y為i，再加上eth。如:twentieth 第二十。 3.不規(guī)則的。如:first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。 4.有兩個或以上單詞組成的基數(shù)詞只改最后一個單詞如twenty-first 第二十一。 九、some /any的用法 1.肯定句中用some:I have some toys in my bedroom. 2.問句和否定

13、句中用any:Do you have any brothers or sisters? He hasnt got any pencils in his pencil-case. 3.詢問想要什么時用some:Would you like some juice? Can I have some stamps? 十、 there be結構 1.肯定句(有): There is +單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞 There are +復數(shù) 注:遵循就近原則，看靠there be最近的 2.一般疑問句(有嗎,):Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt. Are there

14、? Yes, there are. /No, there arent. 3.否定句(沒有): There isnt . There arent. 4.there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。 十一、祈使句 Sit down please. Dont open the door, please. Lets go to the park. (注:祈使句中動詞用原形) 十二、(情態(tài))動詞can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用動詞原形。 1. I / He / She / They

15、 can sing. May I come in? I must go now. 2. You should be quiet in the library. 3. Youll be good friends. 十四、特殊疑問句 1.What 什么(問什么事,什么物或什么工作等) What are you doing, Im reading. What did you do yesterday? I played basketball. What are you going to do? Im going to do homework. What is that? Its a book. Wh

16、at does he/she do? Shes a nurse.What time is it? Its seven. 2. What colour 問顏色 What colour is your coat? Its red. 3.when 什么時候When do you get up? I get up at six thirty. When is your birthday? Its on the 21st of December. 4.Which哪一個 Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? The yellow is

17、mine. 5.Who誰 Who is the man with a big nose? Hes my uncle.6.Whose誰的 Whose bag is it? Its his bag. 7.Where哪里Where is my pen? Its under the book. 8.Why為什么 Why do you like summer? Because 9.How many 多少 How many books are there in the school bag? There are four books in the school bag.10. How old 幾歲 How

18、 old is the young man? Hes nineteen. 11.How much多少錢 How much is the toy bear? Its eleven yuan. 12.How 怎么樣（How long/ big/tall？） How do you go to school everyday? I go to school by car.How long is the river? Its 10 miles long. 十五.已經(jīng)學過的動詞 say help know lost live read run take listen talk see draw jump sing dance want make buy help give climb visit get answer l