南華大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院-醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)：1.Induction and eprseeion are thought to be theresult of modification of gene expresion. Thesmallest unit of genetie expession is the eisrton, a strural geng coding for the synthesis of an enzyme subunit The eistrons are functionally combined in a unit called the oper on which ma

2、y be described as a regulated gene cluster.誘導(dǎo)和遏制被認(rèn)為基因表達(dá)修飾的結(jié)果,基因表達(dá)最小的單位是順?lè)醋?是編碼合成的亞基的結(jié)構(gòu)基因,順?lè)醋拥淖饔门c一種叫做持操縱子的單位聯(lián)系在一起.這種操縱子可以被稱作基因調(diào)節(jié)團(tuán).2.In eukaryotes genes coding for metabolically-related在真核生物中,對(duì)代謝上的系列的編碼基因一般不是緊密相聯(lián)組成一個(gè)操縱子,蛋白質(zhì)的合成經(jīng)常是以內(nèi)分泌刺激相連,而不是與代謝誘劑的直接存在有關(guān).能夠調(diào)節(jié)蛋白質(zhì)合成速率的激素包括胰島素,甲狀披腺素,生長(zhǎng)H-睪丸酮和皮質(zhì)醇.3.It is co

3、metimes stated that urination is our mostcompelling bodily iunction有人說(shuō)排尿是我們最急迫的生理功能.如果你曾經(jīng)同時(shí)譏餓勞累,寒冷已經(jīng)有尿意,并且回憶你處理這些需要的順序,你將很可能同樣這樣的看法.這種緊急情況同泌尿系統(tǒng)排出肥沃作用已經(jīng)系統(tǒng)特殊的解剖結(jié)果有關(guān).4.A humen kidney contains roughly 1 million nephrons，each one a long twisted looping tubule.The tubule has one end that is enlarged and c

4、up-shaped likea punched basketball and that lies in close contact with bloodcapillariesthe other end drains away urine If all the nephrons in an adults kidney were straightened out and placed end to end theywould from a microscopically slender tube about 80km(50miles)long.人的腎臟大約包括1百萬(wàn)個(gè)腎單位,每個(gè)腎單位有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)而扭

5、曲成環(huán)的細(xì)管.細(xì)管有一端擴(kuò)大呈環(huán)狀,象一個(gè)刺破的籃球,并且與毛細(xì)血管相連,另一端分泌尿液,如果一個(gè)成人腎臟的所有腎單位被拉直,并且首尾相接,它們會(huì)形成約80公里(50英里)微小細(xì)管.5This vitamin is necessary for the maintenance of the epithelial cells of the epithelial cells of the skin.這種維他命對(duì)維持皮膚，眼、消化道和呼吸道上皮細(xì)胞是必須的，當(dāng)維生素A缺乏時(shí)，這些細(xì)胞變得扁平易碎以及比正常細(xì)胞弱的抵抗感染能力。在它嚴(yán)重缺乏時(shí)，眼上皮會(huì)在角膜上形成一層干的和角狀的膜，從而導(dǎo)致一種特殊的眼

6、病干眼病，維生素A對(duì)維持正常神經(jīng)組織，骨骼的生長(zhǎng)和牙齒的光澤也是必須的。6.Experiments have shown that a deficiency ofvitamin E producesprogressive實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，維生素E缺乏導(dǎo)對(duì)敵進(jìn)行性肌肉退體和麻痹，很可能是由于神經(jīng)退化造成的。人類某些癱瘓經(jīng)有維生素E成藥治療后，有好的療效。7.Glucagon causes anincrease in blood sugar by accelerating the conversion of liver glycogen toglucose ,It functions like epine

7、phrine, although it is thought that the two hormones produce the same end result by different means .Glucagon and insulin do not antagonize or block one another.胰高血糖素通過(guò)加速肝糖原轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠咸烟莵?lái)升高血糖濃度。它的作用同腎上腺素一樣，盡管人們認(rèn)為兩種激素通過(guò)不同的方式來(lái)產(chǎn)生一樣的作用。胰高血糖和胰島素并不互相抗或抑制。8A tumor in the islets of Langerhans may cause overproduct

8、ion of insulin.發(fā)生在郎格罕氏島的腫瘤可以導(dǎo)致胰島素分泌過(guò)剩。從而導(dǎo)致低血糖。如果血糖水平降到大約60mg/100ml以下，個(gè)體表 出枰酒態(tài)。當(dāng)血糖水平低于約50mg/100ml，個(gè)體發(fā)生痙攣。低血糖病人足夠血糖水平維持有時(shí)要靠飲食來(lái)完成，但是通常腫瘤必須被拿掉。9.Immunity is derived from the Latin word immunitas,which referred to the exemption from various civic duties and legal prosecution offered to Roman senators dur

9、ing their tenures in office ,We now know that many of the mechanisms of resistance to infections are also involved in the individuals response to noninfectious foreign substances.免疫力來(lái)自于拉丁單詞immunitas,它指的是在羅馬無(wú)老院執(zhí)政期間提供給他們的免除各種公民義務(wù)和合法稅收。我們現(xiàn)在知道許多抗感染機(jī)制被包含在個(gè)體對(duì)非感染性外來(lái)物質(zhì)的應(yīng)答中。10.In the last 20 years,there has

10、been a remarkable transformation in our understanding of the immune system and its functions .近20年來(lái)，我們理解的免疫系統(tǒng)和它的功能都已經(jīng)有了顯著的改主，在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)技術(shù)方面的進(jìn)展，重組的脫氧核糖和蛋白質(zhì)生物化學(xué)已將免疫學(xué)大描述性的科學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)變成一種多樣化的免疫現(xiàn)象，即能被有機(jī)對(duì)合起來(lái)和被解釋成精簡(jiǎn)的結(jié)構(gòu)和生物化學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)的免疫現(xiàn)象。11 Clearly,then,there is no safe level above normal.If you are told you have high blood p

11、ressure ,follow your doctors instructions for lowering it.In comtrast to the situation of the 1930s,doctors today know how to reduce blood pressure to nonthreatening levels in about 85 percent of the cases .Sometimes thetreatment if remarkablysimple steps that you take on your own.明顯地，血壓超過(guò)正常值那就視為不安全

12、。如果你被告知你有高血壓，按照醫(yī)生的說(shuō)明來(lái)降低它，同20世紀(jì)30年代的情況形成對(duì)照的是，現(xiàn)在的醫(yī)生85%的病例都知道如何把血壓降低到血壓無(wú)威協(xié)的水平。有時(shí)候治療步驟非常簡(jiǎn)單，你可以自己進(jìn)行。12 The results werepersuasive for every highblood pressure groupdesignated in the study After five years 17per cent fewer hypertensives had died in the drug-treated halt than in the group referred to priva

13、te doctors and clinies .There were almost 45per cent fewer deaths from stroke and 26per cent fewer from heart attack.對(duì)于在研究中標(biāo)明的每個(gè)高血壓組來(lái)說(shuō)，結(jié)果都有說(shuō)服力，5年后，低于17%進(jìn)行藥物治療的高血壓病人死亡比找私人醫(yī)生及治療的組少了一半。有差不多低于45%的病人因中風(fēng)死亡，低于26%的病人因心臟病而死亡。13 Anyone who has ever tried to give up smoking cigarettes knows the meaning of bein

14、g hooked .Even those who succeed in quitting for the first time suffer the same 75%relapse rate as recovering alcoholicw and heroin addicts .Last week the U.S. Surgeon General made official what everyone has recognized for a long time: tobacco,like cocaine or heroin,is addictive.In a no-holds-barrde

15、,618-page report,the forthright C. Everett Koop not only proclaimed that“cigarettes and other forms of tobacco are addicting”but also urged that they should be treated with the same caution as illegal street narcotics.任何一個(gè)曾經(jīng)度圖戒煙的人都知道上鉤的意義。即使那些第一成功戒煙的人和飲酒過(guò)度的人及海洛因上癮者一樣有75%的復(fù)發(fā)率。煙草，像可卡因或者海洛因是使人上癮，這是每個(gè)人都

16、知道了很的事情。上個(gè)星期美國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生總署使之合法化。在一個(gè)洋洋灑灑有618頁(yè)的報(bào)告中，直率的C.Euerett Koop不僅聲明煙和其他形工的煙草能使人成癮，而且效促政府吸煙上癮者應(yīng)該同那些非法街頭收毒成癮者的吸毒成癮者一樣小心提防。14 Despite all this ,smoking can be conquered.Although ex-heroin users have reported that tobaccls grip was .盡管所有的這些，吸煙還是可以克服的。盡管曾吸煙的有聲稱，煙癮要比違法的毒癮還難以戒。有4300萬(wàn)美國(guó)人民已經(jīng)成功戒煙，而且靠的是他們自己。另外，所有

17、存在的吸煙的美國(guó)公民的三分之一（即使這個(gè)數(shù)字還在增加）正在一項(xiàng)通常強(qiáng)調(diào)煙癮者戒掉的戒煙計(jì)劃中尋求幫助。RochesterR Mayo 診所在高級(jí)顧問(wèn)Thomes，Kottke說(shuō)，最好的戒煙活動(dòng)結(jié)合了多種方法，還有許多來(lái)自不吸煙者的長(zhǎng)期支持。上個(gè)星期出版的美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)研究雜志中的一次研究中，Kottk帶領(lǐng)的研究組對(duì)比了39種方法，從自己閱讀書籍到被剝奪的感覺(jué)，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的作用相同。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)成功的關(guān)鍵取決于吸煙者從醫(yī)生、朋友膠親戚那里獲得的面對(duì)面的鼓勵(lì)的數(shù)量。即使戒煙需要反反復(fù)復(fù)，但它最終帶來(lái)的益處遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了伴隨其中的痛苦。二、漢譯英:1、新陳代謝是人體內(nèi)進(jìn)行的一切化學(xué)變化的總和。Metabolism

18、is the sum total of all chemical changes going on in human body.2、基礎(chǔ)（basal）代謝指的是人體在休息狀態(tài)下所發(fā)生的化學(xué)反應(yīng)。Basal metabolism refers to the chemial readions occuring when the body is at rest.3、我們的身體是由叫做細(xì)胞的微小塊狀物構(gòu)成的。Our body is made up of a tiny microscopic blocks called cells.4、腎炎的一個(gè)突出癥狀是水腫，這意味著身體組織或體腔內(nèi)出現(xiàn)液體不正常的積

19、蓄。One characteristic symptom of nephritis is edema,which means an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body tissues of cavities.5、當(dāng)腎功能受損時(shí)，尿鈣的排泄速度減慢。The speed at which urinary calcium is excreted drops when renal funtion is impaired.6、與其他營(yíng)養(yǎng)相比，維生素和礦物鹽需要最較少。Vitamins and mineral salts are needed in min

20、ute quantities as compared with other nutrients.7、維生素是按字母分類推，如維生素A、B、C、D、E、K和復(fù)合B等。Vitamins are distinguished by letters as Vitamins A.B.C.D.E.K and the B complex eac.8、當(dāng)胰島素的生產(chǎn)受到破壞時(shí)就會(huì)發(fā)生高血糖。Hyperglycemia ouurs when unsulin production is disturbed.9、過(guò)量飲食和體重減輕是糖尿病的癥狀。Hyperphagia caaompanied by weight lo

21、ss is a symptom of diabetes mellitus.10、一分預(yù)防勝似十二分治療。An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure.11、免疫就是人體抵抗一種特定疾病的能力。Immunity is the ability of the hum an body to resist a particular disease.12、心臟、血液和血管是構(gòu)成血脈管系統(tǒng)的三個(gè)重要組成部人。The heart, the blood and the vessels are the three important component

22、s comprising the blood vascular system.13、攜氧的血液通過(guò)肺靜脈回流心臟。The oxygen-blood is returned to the heart through the pulmorary veins.14、毛細(xì)血管是把動(dòng)脈和靜脈聯(lián)起來(lái)的微細(xì)管道。Capillaries are the microscopic tubes connecting arteries and veins.15、充分的資料證明，吸煙者較不吸煙者更有可能患肺、喉、舌以及頜部分的癌癥。Over whelming stastistical evidence shows th

23、at smokers are more likely to developcancer of the lung,throat,tongue and jaw than hon-smokers.16、一旦形成吸煙的習(xí)慣，就很難改掉。Once you have formed the habit of smoking ,it is very hard for you to get rid of it .17、小劑量能常對(duì)高級(jí)腦中樞產(chǎn)生輕微鎮(zhèn)靜作用。Small doses usually produce a mildly sedative calming effect on the highest br

24、ain centres.三、單詞1、代謝：metabolism2、胰高血糖素:glucagon3、內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)定，體內(nèi)平衡:homeostasis4、內(nèi)分泌:endovrine5、葡萄糖:glucose6、膽固醇:cholesterol7、成纖維細(xì)胞:fibroblast8、脂蛋白:lipoprotein9、亮胺酸:leacine10、精胺酸酶:arginase11、激素，荷爾蒙:hormone12、甲狀腺素:thyroxine13、酪胺酸:tyrosyl14、葡萄糖激酶:glucokinase15、特異青霉菌:penicillinm notatum16、沙門菌:salmonella17、鼠傷寒:typhimurium18、作用子，順?lè)醋?cistron19、滲透酶:permease20、生長(zhǎng)激素:somatrophin21、睪丸酮：testosterone22、腎臟：renal23、血管小球：glomerulus24、主動(dòng)脈：aorta25、腎單位：nephron26、濾器：colander27、滲透，滲透作用：osmotis28、苯巴比妥:phenobarbital29、軟骨?。簉ickets30、壞血?。簊curvy31、丙酮酸：pyruvic acid32、糙皮?。簆ellagra33、腹瀉：diarrhea34、腳氣：ber