限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起限制、確對(duì)先行詞起限制、確定的作用，是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，定的作用，是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果省去，主句的意思就會(huì)不完整，不如果省去，主句的意思就會(huì)不完整，不明確或不合邏輯。這種定語(yǔ)從句和主句明確或不合邏輯。這種定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間不能用逗號(hào)隔開。之間不能用逗號(hào)隔開。 The man who came here yesterday has come again. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when和和why用于引導(dǎo)限制用于引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)

2、從句時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可以省去，但是可以省去，但是where通常不可以省去。通常不可以省去。如：如：a. Be sure to call on us next time (when) you come to town.b. This is one of the reasons (why) you may like to eat it. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞關(guān)系松散，和先行詞關(guān)系松散，只是對(duì)先行詞作附加說(shuō)明，如果省去，主只是對(duì)先行詞作附加說(shuō)明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。這種定語(yǔ)從句句的意思仍然完整或清楚。這種定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間

3、須用逗號(hào)隔開。如：和主句之間須用逗號(hào)隔開。如： a. Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was murdered on April 14, 1865. b. He sent a special governor, a man named Gessler, who would rule with a firm hand. c. He lives in another town, which is only about an hours ride from here. d. Soon they arriv

4、ed at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. e. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.注意注意：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不可用可用that，指人時(shí)用，指人時(shí)用who(主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)),whom(賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ))，指物時(shí)須用指物時(shí)須用which.限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 形式上形式上 不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。 用逗號(hào)

5、“，”與主句隔開。 意義上意義上 是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。 譯法上譯法上 譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“的” 通常譯成主句的并列句。 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞的使用的使用上上 A作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略B可用thatC可用who 代替whom A不可省略B不用thatC不可用who 代替whom Practice A請(qǐng)區(qū)分出下列句子哪些是限制性定語(yǔ)從請(qǐng)區(qū)分出下列句子哪些是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，那些是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句句，那些是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person

6、 that I could depend on. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China is a country which has a long history. 1. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Practice B區(qū)分下列幾組句子的不同含義：區(qū)分下列幾組句子的不同含義：1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to g

7、o to college.Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（意含：（意含： 她還有其他哥哥。）她還有其他哥哥。）她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（意含：（意含： 她只有一個(gè)哥哥。）她只有一個(gè)哥哥。） . All the books that have pictures in them are well written. All the books, which have pic

8、tures in them, are well written. 所有里面帶插圖的書都寫得很好。所有里面帶插圖的書都寫得很好。（意含：（意含： 不帶插圖的書則不一定寫得好。）不帶插圖的書則不一定寫得好。） 所有的書都帶插圖，這些書都寫得很好。所有的書都帶插圖，這些書都寫得很好。（意含：（意含： 沒有不帶插圖的書。）沒有不帶插圖的書。） Exercises A 1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whi

9、chD、the oneD4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereDB3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC5、This is the factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、 in whichC、whatD、the oneA6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_le

10、arnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB1、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichBExercises B1、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA2、The man _ you are talking is i

11、n the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB3、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D4、I，_ you good friend, will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D5、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC6、Those _ to take

12、 part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB7、His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD8、They have decided to finish their work, _, I think is a wise choice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC9、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for thatA10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that; itB、which; whomC、that; whichD、which; thatC11、There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago.A、all