高三英語過去分詞用法一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示動作是主動的和正在進(jìn)行表示動作是主動的和正在進(jìn)行過去分詞過去分詞: 表示動作是被動的和完成表示動作是被動的和完成分詞在句中可以作分詞在句中可以作表語表語、定語定語、賓語補(bǔ)足賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語語和狀語。I. Past participle used as attributes （定語）（定語） 1.位置位置: 單個(gè)分詞位于名詞前，短語則在名詞后單個(gè)分詞位于名詞前，短語則在名詞后,被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語主語。 The stolen car was found by the police last week. The

2、 speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience. 2.作用作用-相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句 （2）The book, written in1957, tells the struggle of the miners.=Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?（1）Is there anything planned for tonight ？=The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle

3、of the miners.注：注：The problem （discussed yesterday） has something to do with daily life. （表示完成）（表示完成） The problem （being discussed now） has nothing to do with daily life.（表示正在進(jìn)行）（表示正在進(jìn)行） II. Past participles used as predictive（表語）表語）1. 過去分詞作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，過去分詞作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)， 其邏輯主語就是句子的主語其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。Th

4、e window is broken.The inner gate was locked.She was greatly excited.2. 與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別。與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞：主語的特征或性質(zhì)，現(xiàn)在分詞：主語的特征或性質(zhì)，“令人令人”，有主動意，有主動意思。思。e.g. How disappointing the election is! 過去分詞：主語的感受，過去分詞：主語的感受，“感到感到”，有被動意思。，有被動意思。e.g. They feel disappointed at the election.常見的這類此有：常見的這類此有：interesting in

5、terested encouraging encouraged delightingdelighted disappointingdisappointed pleasingpleased puzzlingpuzzled satisfyingsatisfied surprisingsurprised worrying-worriedIII. Past participle used as the Object Complement (賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語) 1. 表表“希望，要求希望，要求”的動詞：的動詞： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + (to

6、be) done 表示表示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被要求某人或某事被”e.g. I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday. Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned. 2. 2. 表表“感覺，感覺， 心理狀態(tài)心理狀態(tài)”的動詞：的動詞：see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice + object(賓語賓語) + p.p.e.g. We saw the thief caught by the police. People found the water polluted. Ha

7、ve you heard a pop song sung in Japanese? 過去分詞過去分詞, 不定式不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別區(qū)別:三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系，三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系，但過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的被動關(guān)系，但過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的被動關(guān)系，不帶不帶to的不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的全過程，的不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的全過程，現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的主動關(guān)系，正在現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的主動關(guān)系，正在進(jìn)行。進(jìn)行。I saw her come into the classroom.I saw her coming into the classroom.I saw h

8、er taken out of the classroom.3. 3. 使役動詞使役動詞: : make, get, have, keep,leave, etc. e.g. We must get the table cloth washed. = We must ask somebody to wash the table cloth. He had his watch repaired. 4.在在“with / without賓語賓補(bǔ)賓語賓補(bǔ)(過去分過去分詞詞)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系。賓關(guān)系。e.g. Do you know the m

9、an with his hair tied back?IV. Past participle used as the Adverbial(狀語狀語)過去分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句。過去分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句。e.g. 1. Asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.過去分詞作過去分詞作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句(When he was) asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.e.g. 2. Given more time, Ill catch up with you.過去分詞作過去

10、分詞作條件狀語條件狀語相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句(If I am) given more time, Ill catch up with you.e.g. 3. Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.過去分詞作過去分詞作原因狀語原因狀語相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句(Because he was) born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.e.g. 4. Defeated many times

11、, they continue to fight.過去分詞作過去分詞作讓步狀語讓步狀語相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句(Although they had been) defeated many times, they continued to fight.e.g.5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.表示方式和伴隨情況表示方式和伴隨情況時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)并列的謂語時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)并列的謂語成分。成分。The teacher entered the classroom (and he was

12、 followed) by a group of student.過去分詞作狀語時(shí)過去分詞作狀語時(shí), 為了使意義更加明確為了使意義更加明確,也可以在也可以在pp.前加上對應(yīng)的連詞前加上對應(yīng)的連詞when,as,if 等等等等.4. Although defeated many times, they continue to fight.3. As / Because born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.2. If given more time, Ill catch up with you.1.

13、When asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.注意：帶有連詞的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略句注意：帶有連詞的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略句,省略的部分為主語省略的部分為主語+be的相應(yīng)變化形式的相應(yīng)變化形式.注意：注意：1） 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別_London (夜里參觀倫敦夜里參觀倫敦)at night, you are a bit like in a dream._ (當(dāng)有人夜里來訪當(dāng)有人夜里來訪)at night , you must make sure the visitor really your

14、 friend.When visitingWhen visited選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。主語。 如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。_ (寫完了所有寫完了所有的信之后的信之后)，I had a drink and went out.Having finished all my letters_ (信寫完之后信寫完之后)，the letter should be read to the one who asks you to write

15、it.Finished 從山頂看，從山頂看， 我們能看到一個(gè)美麗的公園。我們能看到一個(gè)美麗的公園。 從山頂看，從山頂看， 公園很美麗。公園很美麗。Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see a beautiful park.Seen from the top of the hill, the park is beautiful._ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)_ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) be

16、 lost in； be dressed in； be interested in； be devoted to； be supposed to； be caught in the rain； be seated in； be prepared for； be determined to Lost2.系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語所處的狀態(tài)系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Dressed類似的還有：類似的還有： generally speaking一般說來一般說來, given鑒于鑒于, judging from/by根據(jù)根據(jù)來看來看, judged by considering考慮到考慮到, supposing

17、that假如假如, talking of說到說到, seeing (that)鑒于，由于鑒于，由于 有些固定用法：有些固定用法：Exercise:1. The managers discussed the plan thatthey would like to see_the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out2.Mrs. Brown was much disappointedto see the washing machine she had had_went wrong again.A.it B

18、. it repairedC.repaired D. to be repaired3.With a lot of difficult problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settlingC.to settle D.being settled4.With trees,flowers and grass_everywhere, my native town had takenanew look.A.planting B.plantedC.to plant D.to be planted5.

19、She was glad to see her child well_ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking6.The result of the entrance exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday. A.knowing B. known C.to know D.to be known7. I can make you _what I say,but you cant make yourself_in English. A.understand; under

20、stand B.understand; understood C.to understand; understand D.understand; to be understood8.He found them_at a table_A.sat; to play chessB.sitting; to play chessC.seated; playing chessD.seat; play the chess9. John rushed out in a hurry,_the door_.A.leaving; unlocked B.leaving; unlockingC.left, unlock

21、ed D.to leave;unlocking10.We are pleased to see the problem_ so quickly.A .settled B .settling C.be settled D .having been settled11.I could feel the wind _on my face from an open window.A .to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D .blown12. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(96) A. Losing B. Havin