專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)：詞匯、語(yǔ)法詳細(xì)解答40套(26)

1、Test Twenty Six近義詞辨析ran ge, reach, scope, compass, scale這是一組表示“范圍”的名詞，其側(cè)重點(diǎn)各有不同。range代表的是一個(gè)可以測(cè)量的范圍，在這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)包括一系列可變化的數(shù)量。range還特指視力、聽(tīng)力所能達(dá)到的距離和槍炮的射程。reach特指伸手可達(dá)到的距離或非常近的距離，其比喻含義指能力、權(quán)力、影響等可達(dá)到的范圍。scope指人們所處理、研究的事物的“范圍”以及所掌握、控制的“面積”。scope的比喻含義指的是所掌握的知識(shí)的寬度，即“眼界，見(jiàn)識(shí)”。compass在意義上和scope相同，是正式用語(yǔ)，表示活動(dòng)、興趣、能力的“界限，范圍”

2、。scale特指刻度、標(biāo)度的范圍，也指品級(jí)、級(jí)別的規(guī)模和大小的范圍：The bird now came with in my range of visi on. 那只小鳥(niǎo)飛入了我的視野。Keep the pills out of the reach of the children!把藥放到孩子們夠不到的地方！Is Romanticism in the scope of your book?你的書(shū)涉及到浪漫主義嗎 ？Con struct ion is not with in the compass of the departme nt.工程建設(shè)不屬這個(gè)部門(mén)管轄。This thermometer

3、has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and the other in Centigrade. 溫度 計(jì)上有兩種刻度，一種是華氏，另一種是攝氏。scarce, rare這組詞均含有“稀少的，少有的”的意思。rare強(qiáng)調(diào)某種東西是很少見(jiàn)到的，或某種現(xiàn)象是很少發(fā)生的，具有珍貴、貴重的意味。 它的反義詞是 com mon。scarce形容的事物不一定有珍貴之意，而是指有些東西（通常為日用品）因匱乏或難以得到而變得稀少或缺少。它的反義詞是 ple ntiful或abun da nt。此外，修飾時(shí)間表示頻率時(shí)，則只能用rare,而不能用scarce

4、此時(shí)rare的含義是“不經(jīng)常發(fā)生的”The panda is one of the rare animals in the world.熊貓是世界上稀有動(dòng)物之一。Water is scarce in Sahara撒 哈拉沙漠上缺水。全真模擬試題1. plastics, the mach ine is light in weight.A. To make ofB. To be made ofC. Having made ofD. Made of2. “ all three people in the car injured in the accident? ”“ No, only the two

5、 passengers who got hurt. ”A. Were/it was B. Are/there isC. Were/it were D. Was/there was3. is to be in the flow ing“ river ” of bears.A. Stand on the tip of the capeB. To sta nd on the tip of the capeC. Standing on the tip of the capeD. Being sta nding on the tip of the cape4. The speech which he m

6、ade the football match bored a lot of fans to death.A. being concern edB.be concernedC. concerned D. concerning5. in an atmosphere of simple livi ng was what his pare nts wished for.A. He was educated B. He educatedC. His being educatedD. He to be educated6. No sooner tha n he realized that he shoul

7、d have rema ined sile nt.A. the words had spoke nB. had the words spoke nC. the words had bee n spoke nD. had the words bee n spoke n7. He went out of the General Manager ' s office, looking as if he A. has bee n severely puni shedB. were severely puni shedC. was severely puni shedD. had bee n s

8、everely puni shed8. The factory man ager and secretary our party.A. is to atte ndB. are to atte ndC. were to atte nd D. is atte nded9. This project is known to for three mon ths.A. havi ng bee n going onB. go onC. have bee n going onD. be going on10. the car accide nt, they would have arrived earlie

9、r.A. Except forB. But forC. BesidesD. Save for11. Jane is slow but her brother, on the con trary, is quick at the point of an argume nt.A. grabb in gB. grasp in gC. capturi ngD. sn atch ing12. In an attempt to get to the of the problem, the reporter in terviewed everyeyewit ness.A. rootB. stemC. cen

10、 terD. base13. The tourists through the fog, trying to read what was en graved on the gravest oneShakespeare had chose n for himself.A. peeredB. peepedC. gla ncedD. glimpsed14. The no ise was so faint that you had to your ears to hear it.A. stirB. strengthenC. strainD. stride15. Because of the sever

11、e drought, the gover nment has urged people to be with water.A. econo micB. thriftyC. cautiousD. econo mical16. They came to in spect the house buying it.A. i n the eve nt of B. with a view toC. with reference toD. on acco unt of17. If a child is brought up in isolati on away from huma n bein gs, he

12、 does not Ian guage.A. inqu ireB. requireC. acquireD. request18. The use of sound is widespread as of ani mal com muni cati on.A. a mean sB. waysC. a toolD. sig nals19. There is no evidenee to date that people in the Western world can control theirdreams, at least in experimental situations in a lab

13、.A. solidB. hardC. goodD. fine20. Many of the inven ti ons that made people and have determ ined the direct ion ofAmerica n in dustry were related to agriculture and food product ion.A. afflue ntB. abundan tC. sufficie ntD. ban krupt21. They a coin to decide who would go first.A. tickedB. tiledC. to

14、wedD. tossed22. You should to one or more weekly magaz ines such as Time,or People.A. subscribeB. orderC. prescribeD. reclaim23. No one knew the man ' s age until he it by accident.A. displayB. revealedC. exhibitD. exposed24. Rising from the table he his hat and went out.A. put onB. dressedC. ha

15、d onD. wore25. His hard work him a good reputati on.A. obta in edB. acquiredC. gain edD. earned試題答案和分析1. D）【句意】這臺(tái)機(jī)器是塑料制成的，所以很輕。【難點(diǎn)】分詞結(jié)構(gòu)置于句首，往往表示主句動(dòng)作或行為的原因。動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首，往往作目的狀語(yǔ)。本句中主句的主語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)部分的動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)一致，故后者的動(dòng)詞部分應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以只有D）正確。2. A）【句意】“在這次事故中三個(gè)人全都受傷了嗎？”“沒(méi)有，只有兩名乘客受了傷”?！倦y點(diǎn)】問(wèn)句中的three people要求用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由于動(dòng)

16、作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以選 were。 答句中用了強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，即It was +sb.+who（that）從句。3. B）【句意】站在海岬的頂端實(shí)際上就是站在流動(dòng)的熊河里?！倦y點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以作主語(yǔ)，但在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中，如果表語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式，則主語(yǔ)也應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞不定式；如果表語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞，則主語(yǔ)也應(yīng)為動(dòng)名詞，二者必須統(tǒng)一。4. D）【句意】他就本次足球賽所做的講話(huà)令許多球迷煩得要死?！倦y點(diǎn)】本句中缺少一個(gè)介詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D）可以用作介詞，意為“有關(guān)，關(guān)于”，相當(dāng)于abouto5. C）【句意】他在一種簡(jiǎn)樸生活的氛圍中受教育正是他父母所希望的?！倦y點(diǎn)】本句的主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞短

17、語(yǔ)，即C）。全句總體結(jié)構(gòu)為主系表。6. D）【句意】話(huà)一出口，他就意識(shí)到他應(yīng)該保持沉默?！倦y點(diǎn)】no soonerthan常譯為“一就”，為一固定的搭配。如果 no sooner置于句首， 則從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)必須倒裝， 在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí)， 從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 所以選項(xiàng)D）正確。7. D）【句意】他走出總經(jīng)理辦公室，看起來(lái)好像受到了嚴(yán)厲的懲罰?！倦y點(diǎn)】look as if +從句這種結(jié)構(gòu)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)一般用虛擬式，如謂語(yǔ)的形式為過(guò)去時(shí)， 則表示和現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，如謂語(yǔ)的形式為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，則表示和過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反。& A）【句意】廠長(zhǎng)兼書(shū)記來(lái)參加我們的聚會(huì)?！倦y點(diǎn)】英語(yǔ)中，

18、如果兩個(gè)以上的名詞前面只有一個(gè)定冠詞the,則可認(rèn)定指的是一個(gè)人或物；如果這種結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)形式。9. C）【句意】據(jù)悉這項(xiàng)工程已進(jìn)行了三個(gè)月了?！倦y點(diǎn)】因?yàn)閒or three months是個(gè)和完成時(shí)連用的狀語(yǔ)，且to為不定式符號(hào)，所以選 C）,即不定式的完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。10. B）【句意】要不是那場(chǎng)車(chē)禍，他們可能早就到了?！倦y點(diǎn)】But for常和后邊的名詞或代詞連用，用于表達(dá)虛擬的條件。其他選項(xiàng)無(wú)此功能。11. B）【句意】簡(jiǎn)反應(yīng)慢，可她哥哥卻相反，在理解論點(diǎn)方面反應(yīng)非?？??！倦y點(diǎn)】grasp意為"理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)” ;grab意為"抓取，攫取” ;captur

19、e意為"引起（注意）; 逮住” ;snatch意為“奪走，奪得”。12. A）【句意】為了查清問(wèn)題的根源，記者采訪了每個(gè)目擊者?！倦y點(diǎn)】root意為“根源；根由” ;stem意為“樹(shù)干；草莖；葉?！?;center意為“中心； 中心點(diǎn)” ；base意為“基底；底座”。13. A）【句意】游客們透過(guò)迷霧仔細(xì)看，想讀一讀刻在墓碑上的莎士比亞為自己選擇的碑 文?！倦y點(diǎn)】peer意為“仔細(xì)看，費(fèi)力地看，凝視” ;peep意為“窺；偷看” ;glanee意 為“看一眼；掃視”，是故意的動(dòng)作；glimpse意為“看一眼”，是偶然的動(dòng)作。14. C）【句意】聲音如此微弱，你必須把耳朵豎起來(lái)才聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)

20、。【難點(diǎn)】strain意為“使緊張，盡力使用”;stir意為“使微動(dòng)；移動(dòng)” ;strengthen意為“加強(qiáng)；鞏固” ;stride意為“跨越”。15. B）【句意】由于那場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)，政府號(hào)召人們節(jié)約用水?！倦y點(diǎn)】thrifty意為“節(jié)儉的；節(jié)約的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)用錢(qián)精打細(xì)算，后可接with;economic意為“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的” ;cautious意為“十分小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的” ;economical意為“經(jīng)濟(jì)的， 節(jié)約的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)不浪費(fèi)。16. B）【句意】他們來(lái)看房子，目的是想買(mǎi)?！倦y點(diǎn)】with a view to意為“以為目標(biāo)；目的是”，后接動(dòng)名詞；in the event of意為“如 果

21、發(fā)生；萬(wàn)一” ;with referenee to意為“關(guān)于，就而論” ;on account of意為“因?yàn)椋?由于”。17. C）【句意】如果一個(gè)孩子在和人類(lèi)隔絕的環(huán)境下長(zhǎng)大，他就不會(huì)獲得語(yǔ)言。【難點(diǎn)】acquire意為“獲得（語(yǔ)言，知識(shí)等）”；inquire意為“詢(xún)問(wèn)，查詢(xún)” ；require意為 “要求”，request意為“請(qǐng)求”。18. A）【句意】聲音被廣泛地用作動(dòng)物交際的手段?！倦y點(diǎn)】means意為“手段，方法”，形為復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù)；way意為“方法，方式”，復(fù)數(shù)形式不合本句句意；tool意為“工具，器具” ;signal意為“信號(hào)，暗號(hào)”。19. A）【句意】至今沒(méi)有確實(shí)的證據(jù)證明西方人能控制自己的夢(mèng)，至少在實(shí)驗(yàn)室場(chǎng)合沒(méi)有?！倦y點(diǎn)】solid意為“充分的，確實(shí)的；有根據(jù)的” ；hard意為“堅(jiān)硬的；堅(jiān)實(shí)的”。hard evidenee 為“鐵證”，指不可推翻性，而本句句意是強(qiáng)調(diào)是否有證據(jù)， 所以solid更確切。good和fine 和evidenee搭配后，在本句中意義不當(dāng)。20. A）【句意】許多使人民生活富足并決定美國(guó)工業(yè)發(fā)展方向的發(fā)明都和農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食生產(chǎn) 有關(guān)?！倦y點(diǎn)】affluent意為“富裕的，豐富的”，