高三上英語(yǔ)周練試卷含答案.docx

1、高三英語(yǔ)周練（八）II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrectFortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.JimThompsonJimThompsonslifestoryis

2、oneofsuccess,achievement,andfinallymysterybecausenooneknowshowitended.ThompsonwasborninDelaware(21)heeastcoastoftheUnitedStatesin1906.Afterfinishinghighschool,ThompsonwenttoPrincetonUniversityandlaterstudiedarchitectureattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Aftergraduation,JimThompsonworkedasanarchitectinNew

3、YorkCityuntil1940.Notlongafterthis,hevolunteered(22)(serve)intheU.S.Army.DuringWorldWarII,ThompsongatheredintelligenceforthearmyinThailand.ItwasthisfirsttasteoflifeintheFarEast(23)changedThompsonslife.Hesawopportunitiestodeveloptourismthere,becoming(24)(involve)inanambitiousschemetorestoretheOrienta

4、lHotel.Whilethehotelplanfellthrough,bythattimeThompsonhadhituponanotherschemethatwouldeventuallymakehimamillionaire.WhiletravellingaroundThailand,hecameacross(25)heconsideredexquisite(精美的)samplesofhandwovenThaisilk,aproductthat(26)(become)rare.HepersuadedtheweaverstoworkwithItdependsonwhatyoucallfai

5、thful.Thefamousgeysercurrentlyeruptsaround20timesadayandcanbepredictedwitha90percentconfidenceratewithina10minutevariation.Priortothe1959earthquake,OldFaithfulerupted21timesperday.Thafsasignificantdecreaseinactivityforgeologiststrackingeacheruption,butavisitorsseeingoneortwoeruptions.itlooksjustfine

6、.Howmanygallonsofwaterareexpelledduringaneruption?Itdependsonthedurationoftheeruption.Scientistsestimatethattheamountrangesfrom3,700gallons(forashortdurationof1.5minutes)to8,400gallons(foralongerdurationof4.5minutes).HowhotisthewaterinOldFaithful?Duringaneruption,thewatertemperatureattheventhasbeenm

7、easuredat204F(95.6C).Thesteamtemperaturehasbeenmeasuredabove350F!60. YouandyourfriendjustwatchedtheeruptionofOldFaithfulat12:26p.m.,atwhattimeisitpossibleforyoutoenjoythenextone?A. 13:10B.15:06C.14:06D.13:16WhichoneofthefollowingstatementaboutOldFaithfulistrue?A. Thegeysersnamegivespeopleanindicatio

8、nthatitalwayseruptsregularly,about20timeseachday,onceevery74minutes.B. Whenitiserupting,peopleshouldkeepasafedistancefromthatduetothehugeamountofwateritexpelsaswellasitsfreezingcoldness.C. OldFaithfulisawell-knowngeyserwhichcanexpelatleast3700gallonswatereachtimeanditslocatedintheworldslargestnation

9、alpark.D. Ifvisitorswanttochecktheeruptiontime,theymayrefertothepostedtimetables,onwhichthepredictionsarecalculatedbythenaturalists.61. Wheredoesthearticlemostprobablyappear?A. TheYellowstoneofficialwebsite.B. LocaltravelpamphletsintroducingYellowstone.C. Arecently-issuedguidebookonYellowstone.D. At

10、ravelmagazinecolumnaboutYellowstone.(C)Morethanfivemilliondifferentkindsoforganisms(生物體)liveontheEarth.Forthousandsofyears,humanshavesearchedforwaystoorganizethisdiversity(多樣性).Intheeighteenthcentury,aSwedishprofessor,physician,andnaturalistnamedCarolusLinnaeusdevelopedthesystemofnamingandclassifyin

11、gorganismsthatweusetoday.Linnaeuscontributedtothemodernclassificationoforganismsintwoways.Hefirstdevelopedaconventionfornaminglifeforms.BeforeLinnaeuscameupwithastandardizedsystemofnaming,therewereoftenmanynamesforasingespecies,andthesenamestendedtobelongandconfusing.Linnaeusdecidedthatallspeciesnam

12、esshouldbeinLatinandshouldhavetwoparts,oneindicatingthegenus(plural:genera),agroupthatincludessimilarspeciesandoneindicatingthespecificnameofthespecies.Whenwrittenalone,thespecificnameismeaninglesssincemanydifferentspeciesindifferentgenerahavethesamespecificname.Thespecificnamefamiliaris,forexample,

13、iscommonlyusedtodescribespecies.Therefore,whenusedbyitself,itwouldnotdescribeanyoneorganism.Whenthegenusisalsogiven,however,asinCanisfamiliaris,weknowthatthenamereferstoaspecificorganism:thedomesticdog.Linnaeuswasalsotheoriginatorofmoderntaxonomy,asystemofclassifyingnaturebasedonhierarchical(分層的)gro

14、upings.Linnaeusfirstgroupedlifeformsintothreebroadgroups,calledkingdoms.Thesekingdomswereanimals,plants,andminerals.Hedividedeachofthesekingdomsintoclasses,classesintoorders,ordersintogenera(genusissingular)andthengeneraintospecies,groupingorganismsaccordingtosharedphysicalcharacteristics.Althoughmo

15、derntaxonomistsstillusethehierarchicalstructureofLinnaeussclassificationsystemaswellashismethodofgroupingorganismsaccordingtoobservablesimilarities,theyhaveaddedhierarchicallevelsandsignificantlychangedLinnaeussoriginalgroupings.Thebroadestleveloflifeisnowadomain.Alllivingthingsfitintoonlythreedomai

16、ns.Withineachofthesedomainstherearekingdoms.Eachkingdomcontainsphyla(singularisphylum),followedbyclass,order,family,genus,andspecies.InadditiontotheLinnaeankingdomsofplantsandanimals,biologistsrecognizeprokaryotes,protists,andfungiasseparatekingdoms.Theprokaryotesaretheoldestandmostabundantgroupofor

17、ganisms.Theyarealsothesmallestcellularorganisms.Commonbacteria,whichhavebeenknowntosurviveinmanyenvironmentsthatsupportnootherformoflife,fallintothiscategory.Theprotistkingdomismadeupofavarietyofsingle-celledorsimplemulticellularorganisms.Protistsdonothavemuchincommon.Theyare,essentially,thoseorgani

18、smswhichdonotfitintoanyotherkingdom.Fungicomposeathirdkingdom.Likeplants,thecellsoffungihavecellwalls,givingthematube-likestructure.However,fungidonotproducetheirowncarbonasplantsdo.Rather,theyacquirenutrientsbyabsorbinganddigestingcarbonproducedbyotherorganisms.Yeastsandmushroomsareexamplesoffungi.

19、62. Thewritergivesthescientificnameofthedomesticdoginparagraph3inordertodemonstrateLinnaeussmethodofclassificationA. introducetheneedforabettersystemofnamingorganismscriticizethecomplexityofLinnaeussnamingsystemB. illustratethenecessityofincludingtwopartswhennamingorganismWhichofthefollowingcanbelea

20、rnedfromthepassage?A. ThehierarchicalstructureofLinnaeusssystemforclassifyingisnolongerinuse.B. Linnaeussoriginalsystemofclassificationconsistedof3domains.C. Linnaeussoriginalsystemofclassificationisusedtodaywithlittlemodifications.D. Moderntaxonomistshaveaddedcategoriesandregroupedorganisms.63. Whi

21、chofthefollowingisTRUEaboutprotists?A. Theydonosharethecharacteristicsofanyoftheotherfourkingdoms.B. Theyaregroupedtogetherbasedonsimilarcharacteristics.C. Theyarelimitedtosingle-cellorganisms.D. Theyacquirenutrientsbyeatingotherorganisms.64. Whichofthefollowingmightbethebetstitleofthepassage?A. The

22、FatherofModernTaxonomyClassifyingOrganismsB. DevelopmentinLifeFormsLinnaeussClassificationSystemSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A. Manysaycollectingtoyscreatesasenseof

23、accomplishment.B. Thisisalsowhytheseadultsaresometimesreferredtoaskidults.C. Butscientistsareprobablyjustworryingtoomuch.D. Butthisfact11doesntseemtoapplytotodaysworldanymore.E. Atonepointinourlife,weallhadandlovedourowntoys.F. Despitethis,somesocialscientistsseethetrendasdisturbing.Stayingyoungfore

24、verItusedtobeamatteroffactwhenPeterPan”acharacterfromJamesMatthewBarries1911book-said:Allchildren,exceptone,growup.67AccordingtotheNPDGroup,aUSmarketresearchcompany,salesoftoystoadultsintheUKincreasedbymorethan20percentin2016,threetimesthepaceofthechildrenstoymarketitself.Thesetoysrangedfiompuzzlesa

25、ndLegobuildingsetstovehiclemodelsandactionfigures.Andmorethanhalfonthesalescamefrommillennials-peoplebornbetweenthe1980sand2000s.Adultsofthe21stcenturyarechannelingtheirinnerchild,onetoyatatime,*commentedwebsiteKoreaboo.68AccordingtoFrederiqueTutt,ailanalystatNPD,themotivationofthesegrown-upsistoesc

26、apethestressoftoda/sfast-pacedworld.Theyaredriventowardthemoreimmediatepleasurebroughtbytoysthanthosebroughtby,say,gettingapromotion,whichisfarlesseasytoachieve.Itremindsmeoftheplayfulsideoflife,RobWillner,a25-year-oldPhDstudentintheUK,toldTheTelegraphwhentalkingabouthisloveforLego,whichhesaidbrings

27、himbothcomfortandentertainment.69ToFrankFurendi,aprofessorattheUniversityofKentintheUK,thefactthatsomanyadultsarepursuingthethrillsofyouthistheevidencethatadulthoodhasgotnothingattractiveaboutitanymore,hetoldTheNewYorkTimes.Thatsactuallyquitesad.”70AccordingtoCanadiancomicbookartistToddMcFarlane,col

28、lectingtoyscouldsimplybeawayforpeopletoexpresstheirindividuality.Itsjustpopculturestuff.Itsstuffthatsays,IlikealittleofthisandIlikealittleofthat*,”hetoldABCNews.Itsnobigdeal.Sonowthatover100yearshavepassedsincePeterPan,perhapsitstimetointroduceanew“fact”，asstatedinthetaglineoftheUKfashionbrandKIDULT

29、:Growingoldismandatory(強(qiáng)制的),buglowingupisoptional.HSummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Parentseverywherepraisetheirkidswhentheydowellinschool,winaballgame,orbuildanimpressivesandca

30、stle,anythingthatseemstobesomethingremarkable*.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,Wevegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobestricter.givingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinktheyrebuildingtheirchildrensconfidenceInfacttheymaybewrong.Toomuchpraisecanma

31、kekidsafraidtotrynew,thingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparentspraisehasputthem.Still,notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.KidswillfeelliketheyYenotgoodenoughand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Exper

32、tssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedantheeffortmottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildrenseffortstoputthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,saysDonahue,authorofparentingWitho

33、utFear,Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhesoutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortcanalsomeanyouneedtoidentifythepartwhereyourkidsmakespecialeffortsinaparticularscenario（i青景）.Insteadofsaying,youaresuchagoodbas

34、eballplayer1,say,youhittheballreallyhard.Youareanexcellentfirstbaseman.Beingspecificismuchbetterandhelpskidsidentifywiththeirspecialskill,Donahuesays.IV. TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72. 目前，在國(guó)內(nèi)，除了接種疫苗外，中藥的使用也被納入了疫情防控中。(inadditionto)年

35、紀(jì)越大，你越意識(shí)到，重要的不是你想要什么，而是你愿意放棄什么。(not.but)73. 為了響應(yīng)國(guó)家的號(hào)召，上海擬于本月月底前出臺(tái)詳細(xì)的教育政策來(lái)減輕學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)。(schedule)74. 與目前在中國(guó)的大多數(shù)咖啡品牌相比，麥當(dāng)勞(McDonalds)將不得不加速其擴(kuò)張，以期在短時(shí)間內(nèi)占據(jù)更大的市場(chǎng)份額。(compare)GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.俗話說(shuō)“萬(wàn)事開(kāi)頭難”(Allthingsarediff

36、icultbeforetheyareeasy)。你是否同意這一說(shuō)法？請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)寫一篇短文，內(nèi)容包括：1.你對(duì)這句俗話的理解；2.結(jié)合生活中一個(gè)具體事例加以說(shuō)明。語(yǔ)法填空21.On22.toserve23.that24.involved25.what26.hadbecome27.where28.them29.but30.havebeenfound選詞填空31-40CFHIEKBGDA完形填空41-55DACBA/BCDCA/BCADD閱讀理解56-59CDDB61-62CDA63-66DDAB68-70DBFC翻譯Atpresent,inChina,inadditiontovaccination,

37、theuseoftraditionalChinesemedicinehasalsobeenincludedintheepidemicpreventionandcontrol.72. Theolderyouget,themoreyourealizethatwhatmattersisnotwhatyouwant,butwhatyouarewillingtogiveup.73.Inresponsetothecallofthestate,Shanghaiisscheduledtointroduceadetailededucationpolicybytheendofthismonthtoreduceth

38、eacademicburdenofstudents.73. ComparedwithmostcoffeebrandsinChina,McDonaldswillhavetoaccelerateitsexpansioninordertooccupyalargermarketshareinashorttime.himandmarketedthesilkinNewYork,(27)itbecameverypopular.Asaconsequence,theThaisilkindustrywasrevived(復(fù)興)andthebusinessmadeThompsonandsomeoftheweaver

39、sverywealthy.Withhissuccessinthesilkbusiness,JimThompsoncontinuedhisoriginalinterestinarchitectureontheside.HefoundsixtraditionalThaihousesandhad(28)broughttoBangkokandreassembledthereasonemagnificenthouse.Today,notonlyisitabeautifulhouseinsideandout,(29)itisalsofilledwiththeworksofartThompsoncollec

40、ted.In1967duringaholidayinMalaysia,hewentforawalkintheJungleanddisappearedforever.Tothisday,noclues(30)(find)astowhathappenedtothiswealthyAmericanbusinessmanwhoiscreditedwithsingle-handedlyrevivingtheThaisilkindustry.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybe

41、usedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.bayB.targetC.exhibitD.impressiveE.accountF.fertileG.unsuspectingH.pinpointI.scratchJ.meanK.concentrationsYouretryingyourbesttoenjoyaneveningcookout,butaconstantswarmofmosquitoesfollowsyoufromgrilltopool-side.Thethreat?Apiercetoyourskin,leavingbehindan

42、itchyredweltandpossiblyevenaseriousillness.Asyouswatmadlyatthepests,younoticethatothersseemcompletelyunbothered.Coulditbethatmosquitoesprefertobitesomepeopleoverothers?Theshortanswerisyes.Mosquitoesdo_31blood-suckingpreferences,saytheexperts.Onein10peoplearehighlyattractivetomosquitoes,1reportsJerry

43、Butler,PhD,professoremeritusattheUniversityofFlorida.Butitsnotdinnertheyresuckingoutofyou.Femalemosquitoesmalesdonotbitepeople-needhumanbloodtodevelop_32eggs.Andapparently,notjustanyoneswilldo.WhoMosquitoesLikeBest?Althoughresearchershaveyetto_33whatmosquitoesconsideranidealhunk（大塊）ofhumanflesh,theh

44、untison.Theresatremendousamountofresearchbeingconductedonwhatcompoundsandodorspeopleexudethatmightbeattractivetomosquitoes,saysJoeConlon,PhD,technicaladvisortotheAmericanMosquitoControlAssociation.With400differentcompoundstoexamine,itsanextremelylaboriousprocess.Researchersarejustbeginningto_34thesu

45、rface,hesays.Scientistsdoknowthatgenetics_35foranoverwhelming85%ofoursusceptibilitytomosquitobites.Theyvealsoidentifiedcertainelementsofourbodychemistrythat,whenfoundinexcessontheskinssurface,makemosquitoesswarmcloser.Peoplewithhigh_36ofsteroidsorcholesterolontheirskinsurfaceattractmosquitoes,*Butle

46、rtellsWebMD.Thatdoesntnecessarilymeanthatmosquitoespreyonpeoplewithhigheroveralllevelsofcholesterol,Butlerexplains.Thesepeoplesimplymaybemoreefficientatprocessingcholesterol,thebyproductsofwhichremainontheskinssurface.Mosquitoesalso_37peoplewhoproductexcessamountsofcertainacids,suchasuricacid,explai

47、nsentomologistJohnEdman,PhD,spokesmanfortheEntomologicalSocietyofAmerica.Thesesubstancescantriggermosquitoes*senseofsmell,luringthemtolandon_38victims.Buttheprocessofattractionbeginslongbeforethelanding.Mosquitoescansmelltheirdinerfroma(n)39distanceofupto50meters,explainsEdman.Thisdoesntbodewellforp

48、eoplewhoemitlargequantitiesofcarbondioxide.Luckily,therearechemical-basedmosquitorepellentsandthesoybeanoil-basedrepellentthatcanhelptokeepthebiteat_40.III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedAfB,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordor

49、phrasethatbestfitsthecontextIfyouexaminethebirthcertificateofeverysoccerplayerinthelastWordCuptournament,youwillmostlikelyfindtheexcellentplayerswerebornintheearliermonthsoftheyear.IfyouthenexaminetheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCup,youwillfindthisphenomenonevenmore_41.Whatmightaccountf

50、orthisstrangephenomenon?Someguessacertainastrologicalsign(星座)42superiorsoccerskills;othersmaintainthatwinter-bornbabieshavehigheroxygencapacitywhichincreasessoccerstamina(itt).ButAndersonEricsson,a58-year-oldprofessorwhoiscalledtheexpertonexperts,believesinneither.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago

51、,involved_43trainingapersontohearandrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.Withthefirstsubjectafter20hoursoftraining,hisdigitalspanroseto20,Ericssonrecalls/andafterabout200hoursoftraininghecouldrepeatupto80numbersThissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingmemoryitselfisnot_44determined,ledEricssontoconcludeth

52、attheactofmemorizingisacognitive(iina)exercise,whichmeanswhateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesare_45byhowwelleachpersonencodestheinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasprocessknownas_46practice.Itinvo

53、lvesmorethansimplyrepeatingatask,47playingaC-minorscale100timeshittingtennisservesuntilyourshoulderpopsoutofitssocket.48itinvolvessteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone,settingspecificandwell-definedgoals,focusingon_49areasofexpertise,obtainingimmediatefeedbackfromprofessionalsandconcentratingasmuchontechni

54、queasonoutcome.Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyinghighachieversinawiderangeof_50includingsoccer,golf,chess,pianoplayinganddarts.Theygatherallthedatatheycanandmakearathershockingstatement:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighly_51,Andyes,expertperformancesarenearlyalwaysmade.Ericssonsformula

55、seemsappealingtomanytigerparents:practicemakesperfectisnaturally_52togeneticdeterminism.By_53innateabilityasinsignificant,manyareconfidenttheycanmakeaconcert-levelpianistoranOlympicfigureskateroftheirkidsaslongastheypushthemhardenough,Ericssson,54believeswhatparentsshouldlearnfromthescienceofexperti

56、seisnottheeffectofloggingthousandsofhours,buthowtogetkidsto_55theimportanceandchallengeofeffectivepractice.41.A.understandableB.misleadingC.appealingD.noticeable42.A.promisesB.improvesC.compromisesD.masters43.A.numbersB.subjectsC.memoryD.practice44.A.physicallyB.geneticallyC.fundamentallyD.psycholog

57、ically45.A.overshadowB.demonstratedC.strengthenedD.produced46.A.enormousB.deliberateC.desperateD.persistent47.A.onaverageB.moreimportantlyC.forinstanceD.inparticular48.A.BesidesB.NeverthelessC.ThereforeD.Rather49.A.variousB.comprehensiveC.targetedD.minor50.A.pursuitsB.occupationsC.performancesD.assu

58、mptions51.A.underestimateB.overratedC.flexibleD.demanding52.A.equalB.inferiorC.recognizingD.beneficial53.A.dismissingB.lackingC.besidesD.highlighting54.A.likewiseB.thereforeC.besidesD.however55.A.studyB.practiceC.reflectD.embraceSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejus